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A beautiful gift to humanity:

We should not distort it
A.P.J Abdul Kalam

The aim of science is to develop inquiring minds and curiosity, acquire knowledge,
conceptual understanding and skills to solve problems and make informed decisions

Life is incredibly varied, yet based on common processes. Intrinsic motivation arises
from a desire to learn a topic due to its inherent interests, for self-fulfilment,
enjoyment and to achieve a mastery of the subject.

Academic Window 2018-19 is planned as a skill-based questionnaire that

emphasizes on thinking skills, experimental skills and application skills.

It consists of the following units– Index, Exam wise syllabus, Glossary, Chapter
names and sample papers for Tests and Exams

This is composed and compiled on the basis of the latest syllabus prescribed by
CBSE and will be updated as and when required .

Design and Conceptualization by

Anubha Kalra
Sr. Supervisor ICT

Content Development by
Ms. Veani S
RnR Science Department

Graphic Designing by
Mohamed Fareeth
ICT Department

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 GLOSSARY

HAD AN IDEA - Conceptual

NEARLY THERE - Understanding

NAILED IT! - Application

VALUE BASED

CHALLENGE YOURSELF!!

MONTH-WISE SYLLABUS
CHAPTERS MONTH

Nutrition in Animals April

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 Time Management
Don’t say you don’t have time— learn to work smarter.
Type of Question Maximum Time Taken PERIODIC TEST HYRLY/ YRLY EXAM
(for each answer) (No. of Ques. × Time taken)
1 Mark 2 Minutes 3 × 2 = 6 minutes 4 × 2 = 8 minutes

2 Mark 4 Minutes 4 × 4 = 16 minutes 6× 3 = 18 minutes

3 Mark 6 Minutes 3 × 6 = 18 minutes 8 × 4 = 32 minutes

4 Mark 8 Minutes 2 × 8 = 16 minutes 10 × 5 = 50 minutes

TOTAL TIME TAKEN 12 Questions = 56 minutes 28 Ques.=1hr 48 min.

TIME LEFT FOR REVISION 14 minutes 42 minutes

PLAN, PREPARE, PERFORM...

The S.C.I.E.N.C.E.
Behind a Successful Dipsite!
Safety is my priority
Calmness of mind I keep
Intellectual and unique in my presentation
Exam fear I have not!
Never distract or get distracted
Concepts are clear
Extraordinary and exemplar
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 NUTRITION IN ANIMALS

CHAPTER 2 - SYNOPSIS
Plants make their food by the process of photosynthesis, but animals cannot make their food
themselves.
 Animals get their food from plants. Some animals eat plants directly while some animals eat
plant eating animals.
 Thus, animals get their food from plants either directly or indirectly.
 All organisms require food for survival and growth. Requirement of nutrients, mode of
intake of food and its utilization in body are collectively known as nutrition.
 Nutrition- the process of manufacturing/taking in and utilizing food for various life
processes.
 Nutrients-a substance that provides nourishment essential for the maintenance of life and
for growth.

 Ingestion
 Digestion.
 Absorption. Nutrition in complex
 Assimilation animals involves follow-
ing steps
 Egestion.

5 Processes in Digestion

INGESTION

DIGESTION

ABSORPTION

ASSIMILATION

EGESTION

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 NUTRITION IN HUMAN
 The alimentary canal and the associated glands together constitute the digestive
system.
 Food is taken into the mouth through the mouth. This process of taking food into the
body is called ingestion.
What happens to the food in different parts of the digestive tract?

The mouth: Our mouth has the salivary glands which secrete saliva. The saliva breaks
down the starch into sugars.
Oesophagus:
 It is a long, narrow, muscular tube which directly leads to the stomach.

 It is about 25 cm long and passes downwards through the neck, the thorax and the

abdominal cavity.
 Oesophagus gently pushes masticated food down to the stomach in a wave - like

action, called peristalsis.

The stomach:

 The inner lining of the

stomach secretes
mucous, hydrochloric
acid and digestive
juices.

 The hydrochloric acid

kills many bacteria that
enter along with the
food and makes the
medium in the stomach
acidic.
 The digestive juices
break down the
proteins into simpler
substances.

The small intestine:

 The small intestine is
highly coiled and is
about 7.5 meters long.
 Liver (reddish brown) is

the largest gland in the

body.
 It secretes bile juice
that is stored in a sac
called the gall bladder.
It digests fats.

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 The pancreas is cream colored gland secretes pancreatic juice that acts on
carbohydrates and proteins and changes them into simpler forms.
 The surface of the villi absorbs the digested food materials. The absorbed substances
are transported via the blood vessels to different organs of the body.

Large intestine:
 The food that remains undigested and unabsorbed then enters the large intestine.

 It is about 1.5 meter in length.

 Its function is to absorb water and some salts from the undigested food material.

DIGESTION IN RUMINANTS
 A process in which partially digested food returns to the mouth in small lumps and the
 animal chews it. This type of process is called Rumination and such types of animals are
called Ruminants.
How does digestion occur in Ruminants grass-eating animals?

Ruminants are grazing animals like cows and deer. They quickly swallow the
grass and store it in a separate par t of the stomach called rumen. Here
the food gets par tially digested and is called cud. They quickly ingest the
food and store it in
rumen and later
brings the food back
to mouth for chew-
ing it well.
Text Book Table

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 NUTRITION IN ANIMALS
HAD AN IDEA
1. Name the two nutrients which do not need to be changed. The cells can absorb
them as they are. (2)

2. Name the largest gland in the human body. (1)

3. What would happen if there are no villi in the walls of small intestine? (1)

3. Your stomach contains hydrochloric acid, but you don’t experience any burning sensa-
tion. Why?

Column I Column II
(a) Salivary gland
(i) Bile juice secretion
(b) Stomach
(ii) Storage of undigested food
(c) Liver (iii) Saliva secretion
(d) Rectum (iv) Acid release
(e)Small intestine
(v) Digestion is completed
(vi) Absorption of water
(f)Large intestine
- (v ) Re ease of faeces
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 . Jay and Raj were eating their food hurriedly so that they could go out and play during the recess.
Suddenly, Jay started coughing violently. Think of the reasons why he was coughing.

7. If a piece of bread is chewed for some time without swallowing it tastes sweet. Why?
(1)
8. Sita had a naughty brother who use to eat food while hanging upside down, do you think it will still
go through the alimentary canal? Give reasons.

9. Provide single term for the following: (5)

a) The organ which stores bile _________________________________
b) Finger-like outgrowth in the small intestine _____________________
c) The part of amoeba which help in capturing food _______________________
d) The longest part of alimentary canal _________________________________
e) The part which feels the taste of different food items______________________

10. A small boy broke his tooth while playing and started crying. His parents consoled him Telling that
the broken tooth was a milk tooth and very soon he will get his permanent one. Can you differentiate
between the two types of teeth?

11. Name the type of carbohydrate that can be digested by ruminants but not by humans. Give the rea-
son also.

Which par t of the alimentary canal is involved in killing of bacteria?

Ruminants such as cows and buffaloes swallow their food hurriedly and
then sit restfully and chew their food. Can you reason why?

15. Can we survive only on raw, leafy vegetables/ grass? Discuss

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NAILED IT

13. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follows it. (5)
Bile juice is stored in a sac called, gall bladder, located near its organ of secretion,
liver. The gall bladder releases the bile juice into the small intestine whenever food
reaches there. Though bile juice is devoid of any digestive enzymes, it is required for
the digestion of fats. The fats cannot be digested easily because they are insoluble in
water and are present as large globules. Bile juice breaks down big fat droplets into
smaller droplets. These are then easily digested by the enzymes released from the
pancreas.

(a) Which organ secretes the bile juice?

(b) Why is digestion of fats difficult as compared to that of other nutrients?
(c) Where is bile juice stored?
(e) Does bile juice digest fat completely?
(f) Alisha’s mother got her gall bladder removed surgically as she was diagnosed with
stones in her gall bladder. After the surgery, she faced problems in digestion of certain
food item when consumed in bulk. Can you tell which kind of food items would they be
and why?

The diagram shows digestion

of food in human body.

1. Complete the diagram by ex-

plaining A,B,C,D.

2. Which part of the system

has villi?

3. What is the function of villi?

4. In which part of the system

digestion does not take place?

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Take a break!

Across

1.Cream colored digestive gland 2. Feeds with the help of

pseudopodia
3.Undigested excretory solid residues 6. Total number of molars in one jaw
of an adult
4. Organ that mixes saliva with the food 8. Largest gland
5.Point of defecation 9. Watery secretion in the mouth
7.Stored in gall bladder 11. A ruminant
10.Finger-like outgrowth in the small intestine 12. Form of food chewed by ruminants
13.Kind of taste buds
14. Kills bacteria in the stomach

Work Requires More

Work Well Done Work Adequately
Practice and Effort
Attempted
And Presented

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 Lesson - NUTRITION IN ANIMALS

Learning Objective Achieved Working Needs

towards reinforcement

I can understand the mode of nu-

trition in animals
I learnt about digestive system
and the functioning of brain
I can understand the
importance of mouth and
buccal cavity and how to take
care of it.
I learnt about the digestion pro-
cess in ruminants and in unicellu-
lar organisms.
I can relate my learning to real
life when I get digestion and den-
tal problem.

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