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Database

The document provides an overview of databases, including their definitions, types, advantages, and the role of Database Management Systems (DBMS). It explains various database structures, key concepts such as primary and foreign keys, and the relational data model. Additionally, it highlights the importance of data security, integration, and management in organizational operations.

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3 views5 pages

Database

The document provides an overview of databases, including their definitions, types, advantages, and the role of Database Management Systems (DBMS). It explains various database structures, key concepts such as primary and foreign keys, and the relational data model. Additionally, it highlights the importance of data security, integration, and management in organizational operations.

Uploaded by

manjulasurisetti13
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Database

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Created @September 28, 2022 11:18 AM

Updated @December 21, 2022 10:55 AM

Date

Database
A database is an organized collection of data stored and
accessed electronically.

Storage :

Small databases can be stored on a file system.

Large databases are hosted on computer clusters or cloud


storage.

Uses :

Databases are used to support the internal operations of


organizations.

Databases are used to hold administrative information


and more specialized data.

Types (based on the type of contents):

document-text

statistical

multimedia objects

Types (database structure or interface type):

Cloud Database

Active Database

In-memory Database

Distributed Database

Database 1
Graph Database

Array Database

Parallel Database

Advantages of Database
Simple

Database management system (DBMS) gives a simple and


clear logical view of data.

Data abstraction

The major purpose of a database system is to provide


users with an abstract view of the data.

Faster data access

The Database management system (DBMS) helps to produce


quick answers to database queries thus making data
access faster and more accurate.

Minimized Data Inconsistency

Data inconsistency can be removed if the database is


properly designed.

Better data security

A Database Management System (DBMS) provides a better


platform for data privacy and security policies thus,
helping companies to improve Data Security.

Better data integration

Due to the Database Management System, we have an access


to well-managed and synchronized forms of data thus it
makes data handling very easy.

DBMS
A database management system (DBMS) is software that
interacts with end users, applications, and the database
itself to capture and analyze the data.

Database 2
Examples :

Microsoft SQL Server

MySQL

Oracle Database

The core functionality is the storage, retrieval, and


update of data.

Note
The database engine is the core part of the DBMS interacting
between the database and the application interface.

Database storage is the container for the physical


materialization of a database.

Key People
DBMS implementer - build system

Database designer - establish schema

Database application developer - develop programs that


operate on DB

Database administrator - use DB to store and organize data

Relation Data Model


A relational model organizes data into one or more tables of
columns and rows, with a unique key identifying each row.

A relation is a set of tuples.

Rows/Records are also called tuples.

Columns/Fields are also called attributes.

Each relation represents one "entity type".

Each tuple represents “instances” of that type of entity.

Each attribute represents the “values” attributed to that


instance.

Database 3
Relationships are the established associations between two
or more tables.

Domain
A domain is the collection of values that a field may contain.
A data type, which is also defined for each column, consists
of a domain of values and a set of operations on those values.

Cardinality refers to the number of tuples/rows in a table


whereas, Degree refers to the number of attributes/columns in
a relation.

Keys
Candidate Key

A Candidate Key is a set of one or more fields/columns


that can identify a record uniquely in a table.

There can be multiple Candidate Keys in one table.

Each Candidate Key can work as a Primary Key.

Primary Key

A primary key is a set of one or more fields/columns of


a table that uniquely identify a record in a database
table.

It can not accept null, duplicate values.

Only one Candidate Key can be Primary Key.

Alternate Key
A candidate key that currently is not a primary key.

Composite Key

A composite key is a candidate key which is a combination


of more than one field of a table.

Foreign Key

Database 4
Foreign Key is a field in a database table that is the
Primary key in another table.

It can accept multiple nulls and duplicate values.

Primary Key Foreign Key

Primary Key can't accept A foreign key can accept multiple null
null values. values.

The Primary key is clustered Foreign keys do not automatically


index. create an index.
One Primary key only. One or more foreign keys.

The software used to store, manage, query, and retrieve data


stored in a relational database is called a relational
database management system (RDBMS).

According to E.F. Codd, there are 12 rules for a database


to be perfect RDBMS but no RDBMS can follow all these rules
but it must comply with at least 6 rules.

Database 5

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