Solution

R&F XI

Class 11 - Mathematics
Section A
1.
(c) 6, 4
Explanation:
Let A has m elements and B gas n elements. Then, no. of elements in
P(A) = 2m and no. of elements in P(B) = 2n.]
By the question,
2m = 2n + 48
⇒ 2m - 2n = 48
This is possible, if 2m = 64, 2n = 16. (As 64 - 16 = 48)
∴2m = 64 ⇒ 2m = 26
⇒ m = 6

Also, 24 = 16 ⇒ 24 = 24
⇒ n = 4

2.
(d) A × B = {(1, a), (1, b), (2, a), (2, b)}
Explanation:
The set of all ordered pairs (a, b) such that a ∈ A and b ∈ B is called cartesian product of sets A and B.
∴ A × B = {(1, a), (1, b), (2, a), (2, b)}

3. (a) (−∞, 1] ∪ [2, ∞)

Explanation:
∵ f : R → R defined by
−−−−−−−− −
f (x) = √x2 − 3x + 2

Here, x2 - 3x + 2 ≥ 0
(x - 1) (x - 2) ≥ 0
x ≤ 1 or x ≥ 2
∴ Domain of f = (−∞, 1] ∪ [2, ∞)

4.
(d) {(-2, 2}, ϕ
Explanation:
Let x be the pre image of 5.
⇒ f(x) = 5

⇒ x2 + 1 = 5
⇒ x2 = 4
⇒ x = ±2

i.e., pre-image of 5 is -2, +2.

Similarly if x be pre-image of -5.
⇒ f(x) = -5

⇒ x2 + 1 = -5
⇒ x2 = -6
−
−−
x = ±√−6 ∉ R
i.e., No real number is pre-image of -5. Hence ϕ is the primage of -5.

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 5.
(c) {1, 3}, {2, 4, 5}, {6}
Explanation:
Conditions for the partition sub-sets to be an equivalence relation:
The partition sub-sets must be disjoint i.e.there is no common elements between them
Their union must be equal to the main set (super-set)
Here, the set A={1,2,3,4,5,6},the partition sub-sets {1,3},{2,4,5},{6} are pairwise disjoint and their union i.e. {1,3} U {2,4,5}
U {6} = {1,2,3,4,5,6} = A, which is the condition for the partition sub-sets to be an equivalence relation of the set A.

6.
(b) {2, 4, 6}
Explanation:
As xRy if x + 2 y = 8 , therefore, domain of the relation R is given by x = 8 – 2y ∈ N. When y = 1, ⇒ x = 6, when y = 2, ⇒ x
=4 , when y =3 , ⇒ x = 2. Therefore, domain is { 2, 4, 6 }.

7.
(c) 2mn - 1
Explanation:
We have, n(A) = m and n(B) = n
n(A × B) = n(A) ⋅ n(B) = mn
Total number of relation from A to B = Number of subsets of A × B = 2mn
So, total number of non-empty relations = 2mn - 1

8.
(b) Reflexive and transitive but not symmetric
Explanation:
The relation R is not symmetric, (1,2) ∈ R , but (2,1) ∉ R , (1,3) ∈R ,but (3,1) ∉ R , (3,2) ∈ R, but (2,3) ∉ R.

9.
(c) 60 percent
Explanation:
Let A denote the set of persons traveling by car, B denotes the set of persons traveling by bus, then
n(A) = 20, n(B) = 50, n(A ∩ B) = 10
∴ n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∩ B)

= 20 + 50 - 10 = 60

10. (a) {b, c}

Explanation:
Since the range is represented by the y- coordinate of the ordered pair (x, y). Therefore, the range of the given relation is { b, c
}.
11.
(c) Transitive
Explanation:
As (7, 7) ∈ R, so R can not be reflexive.
Again (7, 8) ∈ R but (8, 7) ∉ R, so R is not symmetric.
As (7, 8), (8, 8) ∈ R ⇒ (7, 8) ∈ R ⇒ R is transitive.

12.
(d) 0
Explanation:

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 Since f (x) = x 3
−
1

x3
1 1 1 1 3
f ( )= − = − x
x 3 1 3
x x

x3

Hence, f (x) + f ( 1

x
)= x
3
−
1

3
+
1

3
− x
3
= 0
x x

13. (a) {1 ,-1 }

Explanation:
When -4 < x < 0
f (x) = − x

= -1
When 0 < x < 4
f(x) = x/x
=1
R(f) = {-1,1}
14.
(d) i ϕ 1
Explanation:
iϕ1

15.
(d) loge (1+ x) < x
Explanation:
Let f(x) = x - log(1 + x) in [0, x]; x ∈ (0, 1) clearly, f is continuous on [0, x] and differentiable on (0, x).
Therefore by Lagrange's mean value theorem, there exists c ∈ (0, x) such that,
f(x) − f(0)
f'(c) =
x−0
x−log(1+x)−0
⇒ 1- 1

c
= x
{∵ f'(x) = 1 - 1

1+x
}
x−log(1+x) x−log(1+x)
⇒
x
=1- 1

1+c
⇒
x
> 0 [∵ c ∈ (0, 1) ⇒ 1 - 1

1+c
> 0]
⇒ x - log (1 + x) > 0 [∵ x ∈ (0, 1)]
⇒ log (1 + x) < x

16.
(d) 2-1
Explanation:
1

fof(x) = f(f(x)) = {f (25 − x 4

) 4 }

1 1

= {25 − (25 − x 4
)} 4 = (x 4
) 4 =x
∴ f (f (
1

2
)) = 1

= 2-1

17.
(b) λe (2± √3)x

Explanation:
We are given that
(f(x))2 - 4f(x)f'(x) + (f'(x))2 = 0
2 2
4f (x)± √16(f (x) ) −4(f (x) )
′
⇒ f (x) =
2

4f (x)±2f (x) √4−1

′
∴ f (x) =
2

4f (x)±2√3f (x)
=
2
–
= f (x)(2 ± √3)

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 ′
f (x) –
⇒ = (2 ± √3)
f (x)

Integrating, we get
–
⇒ log f(x) = (2 ± √3)x + C

(2± √3)x+C C (2± √3)x (2± √3)x

⇒ f (x) = e = e e = λe

where λ = eC
⇒ f(x) = λe (2± √3)x
= λe
(2+ √3)x
, λe (2− √3)x

18.
(c) {2, 3, 4, 5}
Explanation:
R: x R y ⇔ x is relatively prime to y.
Two numbers are relatively prime if their Highest Common Factor is 1.
Then, R = {(2, 3), (2, 7), (3, 7), (3, 10), (4, 3), (4, 7), (5, 3), (5, 6), (5, 7)}
Therefore, the domain of R is {2, 3, 4, 5}

19.
–
(d) −√2
Explanation:
Let f (x) = sin x + cos x

∴ f (x) = cos x −
′
sin x

′′
⇒ f (x) = − sin x − cos x

Now, f ′
(x) = 0

⇒ cos x − sin x = 0 ⇒ sin x = cos x ⇒ tan x = 1

⇒ x = nπ +
π

4
, n∈ z
At x = π +
π

4
,

π π
f'' (x) = − sin (π +
4
) − cos (π +
4
)

π π 1 1 −
−
= sin( ) + cos( ) = + = √2 > 0
4 4 √2 √2

∴ x = π +
π

4
is point of minimum
Minimum value = sin(π +
π

4
) + cos(π +
π

4
)

π π
= − sin( ) − cos( )
4 4

1 1 2 –
= − − = − = − √2
√2 √2 √2

20.
(d) reflexive, symmetric and transitive
Explanation:
By definition of Equivalence Relation, a relation is said to be equivalence if it is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.

Section B
21. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
We know by the property of relation, the total number of relation from set A to set B is 2n(A)⋅n(B).
23× 2 = 64
22.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation:
Assertion false because x - 3y = 0 ⇒ y = x

3
⇒ y= 1

3
, 2

3
,1
so range = { , 1

3
2

3
, 1} and by definition reason is true.

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23. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
We have,
R = {(x, y); x, y ∈ Z; x2 + y2 ≤ 9}
Put y = 0, then x2 ≤ 9 ⇒ x = 0, ± 1, ± 2, ± 3
Thus, domain of R = {-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3}
24.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation:
Given, R = {(a, a3) : a is a prime number less than 9}
Assertion is correct as:
⇒ R = {(2, 8), (3, 27), (5, 125), (7, 343)}

∴ Range = {8, 27, 125, 343}

25. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Both assertion and reason are true because in the given function at x = 0, f(x) = 1

0
= ∞ . So, the function is not define

26. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Both Assertion and reason are true because R defined on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} by R = {(a, b) : |a2 - b2 | < 9}
For example: |12 - 22| = 3 < 9 so (1 ,2) ∈ R and this condition is true for the remaining element of R.
27. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Here, point (1, 5) is repeated twice and (7, -8) is written thrice. We can rewrite it by writing a single copy of thrice. We can
rewrite it by writing a single copy of the repeated ordered pairs. So, 'A' is a function.
Section C
28. As given in the question,
A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {4} and C = {5}
∴ B ∪ C = {4} ∪ {5} = {4, 5}
∴ A × (B ∪ C )= {1, 2, 3} × {4, 5}
⇒ A × (B ∪ C ) = {(1, 4), (1, 5), (2, 4) , (2, 5), (3, 4), (3, 5)}.......(a)

Now,
(A × B) = {1, 2, 3} × {4} = {(1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4)}
and, (A × C ) = {1, 2, 3}× {5} = {(1, 5), (2, 5), (3, 5)}
∴ (A × B) ∪ (A × C )= {(1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4)} ∪ {(1, 5), (2, 5), (3, 5)}

⇒ (A × B) ∪ (A × C ) = {(1, 4), (1, 5), (2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 4), (3, 5)}......(b)

From equations (a) and (b), we get

A × (B ∪ C ) = (A × B) ∪ (A × C )

Hence verified.
29. Here we have, A = {1, 3, 5}, B = {3, 4} and C = {2, 3}
To verify: A × (B ∩ C )= (A × B) ∩ (A × C )
L.H.S = A × (B ∩ C )
According to the definition of the union of two sets, So,
(B ∩ C ) = {3}

Now A × (B ∩ C )= {1, 3, 5} × {3} = {(1, 3), (3, 3), (5, 3)}

R.H.S = (A × B) ∩ (A × C )
Now, A × B = {1, 3, 5} × {3, 4} = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (3, 3), (3, 4), (5, 3), (5, 4)}
and A × C = {1, 3, 5} × {2, 3} = {(1, 2), (1, 3), (3, 2), 93, 3), (5, 2), (5, 3)}
Now, According to the definition of the intersection of two sets,
(A × B) ∩ (A × C ) = {(1, 3), (3, 3), (5, 3)} = L.H.S
∴ L.H.S = R.H.S .

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30. Here it is given that A is the set of first five natural numbers and R is a relation on A, defined by (x, y) ∈ R ↔ x ≤ y
Now, A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Since, x ≤ y
R = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (4, 4), (4, 5), (5, 5)}
The domain of R is the set of first co-ordinates of R.
Dom (R) = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
The range of R is the set of second co-ordinates of R.
Therefore, Range (R) = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
∣x2 −3∣
∣ ∣
31. Here we are given that, f(x) = 2
(x −3)

Clearly, f(x) is defined for all real values of x for which x - 3 ≠ 0, i.e., x ≠ 3.
∴ dom (f) = R - {3}.
Now, when x ≠ 3, we have
1, when x − 3 > 0 {∵ |x − 3| = (x − 3)}
f(x) = {
−1, when x − 3 < 0 {∵ |x − 3| = −(x − 3)}

∴ range (f) = {1, -1}

Hence, dom (f) = R - {3} and range (f) = {1, -1}.
2
x −16
32. Here we are given that, f(x) = x−4

Need to find: where the function is defined.

2
x −16
Let, f(x) = x−4
= y ........(i)
To find the domain of the function f(x) we need to equate the denominator of the function to 0
Therefore,
x - 4 = 0 or x = 4
It means that the denominator is zero when x = 4
So, the domain of the function is the set of all the real numbers except 4
The domain of the function, D{f(x)} = (-∞ , 4) ∪ (4, ∞ )
Now if we put any value of x from the domain set the output value will be either (-ve) or (+ve), but the value will never be 8
So, the range of the function is the set of all the real numbers except 8
The range of the function, Rf(x) = (-∞ , 8) ∪ (8, ∞ )

33. Here we have f(x) = x + 3 and g(x) = 3x2 - 1

To find: Set of values of x for which f(x) = g(x)
Consider, f(x) = g(x)
2

x+3=3 x
-1
2

3
x
-x-4=0
2

3
x
- 4x + 3x - 4 = 0
x(3x - 4)+(3x - 4) = 0
(3x - 4)(x + 1) = 0
x = or x = -1
4

The set values for which f(x) and g(x) have same value is { ,-1} 4

34. Here we have, n(A) = 5, n(B) = 3 and n(A ∩ B) = 2

i. n(A ∪ B) = n(A) +n(B) − n(A ∩ B)
=5+3-2=6
ii. n(A × B)= n(A) × n(B)
= 5 × 3 = 15

iii. n(A × B) ∩ (B × A)= n(A × B) + n(B × A) = 15 + 15 = 30

x

35. Let, f(x) = ( 1

3
) .

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 Some of the points on the graph are (-2, 9), (-1, 3), (0,1), (1, 1

3
) , (2,
1

9
) , etc. Joining these points, we obtain the graph as shown.
It follows from the graph that the given function is strictly decreasing.
On the RHS of the y-axis, the curve comes closer and closer to the x-axis. This is the case of the exponential function ax, where 0
< a < 1.
Required graph of the function shown in the above fig.
36. Here, some of the first set element has same image in second set.
∴ g is not a function

37. We are given the function,

2
f (x) = 4x − x

f(a + 1) - f(a - 1) = [4(a + 1) - (a + 1)2] - [4(a - 1) - (a - 1)2 ]

= 4[(a + 1) - (a - 1)] - [ (a + 1)2 - (a + 1)2]
= 4(2) - [(a + 1 + a - 1) (a + 1 - a + 1)]
Using: a2 - b2 = (a + b)(a - b)
f(a + 1) - (a - 1) = 4(2) - 2a (2)
= 4(2 - a)
x−3
38. Here we are given that, f(x) = 2−x

Need to find: where the function are defined.

x−3
Let, f(x) = 2−x
= y ...........(i)
To find the domain of the function f(x) we need to equate the denominator of the function to 0
Therefore,
2-x=0
x=2
It means that the denominator is zero when x = 2
So, the domain of the function is the set of all the real numbers except 0
The domain of the function, D{f(x)} = (-∞ , 2) ∪ (2, ∞ )
Now, to find the range of the function we need to interchange x and y in the equation (i)
So the equation becomes, =x x−3

2−x

⇒ y - 3 = 2x - xy
⇒ y + xy = 2x + 3

⇒ y(1 + x) = 2x + 3
2x+3
⇒ y =
1+x
= f(x1)
To find the range of the function f(x1) we need to equate the denominator of the function to 0.
Therefore,
x+1=0
x = -1
It means that the denominator is zero when x = -1
So, the range of the function is the set of all the real numbers except -1.
The range of the function, Rf(x) = (-∞ , -1) ∪ (-1, ∞ )
39. A Relation R in a set A called universal relation if each element of A is related to every element of A.
Eg. Let A = {2,3,4}
R = (A × A) = {(2,2),(2,3) (2,4) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4)}
40. Here we are given that, f(x) = 1

√x−|x|

x, when x ≥ 0
Now, |x| = {
−x, when x < 0

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 x − x, when x ≥ 0
⇒ x - |x| = {
x + x, when x < 0
0, when x ≥ 0
⇒ x - |x| = {
2x, when x < 0
⇒ x - |x| ≤ 0 for all x ∈ R
⇒
1
is not defined for any x ∈ R
√x−|x|

∴ dom (f) = ϕ and range (f) = ϕ

41. Given: R = {(x, y) : x+y = 3, x,y ϵ {0, 1, 2, 3}}
Now, y = 3 - x
Putting x = 0, 1, 2, 3, we get
y = 3, 2, 1, 0 respectively
Thus, R = {(0,3), (1,2), (2,1) ,(3, 0)}
Now since 0, 1, 2, 3 are the elements of domain of R having their unique images, this relation R is a function.
−− −−− −−−− −
42. Here we have, f(x) = √x + 2 and g(x) = √4 + x 2

−−−−−
Clearly, f(x) = √x + 2 is defined for all x ∈ R such that x + 2 ≥ 0, i.e., x ≥ - 2
∴ dom (f) = [-2, ∞ ).

−−−−−
Again, g(x) = √4 + x is defined for all x ∈ R such that 4 - x2 ≥ 0
2

But, 4 - x2 ≥ 0 ⇒ x2 - 4 ≤ 0 ⇒ (x + 2)(x - 2) ≤ 0 ⇒ x ∈ [-2, 2]

∴ dom (g) = [-2, 2).

∴ dom (f) ∩ dom (g) = [-2, ∞ ) ∩ [-2, 2] = [-2, 2]

(fg) : [-2, 2] → R is given by

−−−−− −−−−−
(fg)(x) = f(x) × g(x) = √x + 2 × √4 − x 2

−−−−−−−−−−− − −−−−−−
= √(x + 2) (2 − x) = (x + 2)√(2 − x)
2

43. We have,
A = {1, 2, 3), B = {3, 4} and C = {4 ,5 , 6}
i. ∴ B ∩ C = {3, 4} ∩ {4, 5, 6} = {4}
∴ A × (B ∩ C ) = {1, 2, 3, } × {4}

= {(1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4)}

⇒ A × (B ∩ C ) = {(1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4)}

ii. ∴ A × B = {1, 2, 3, } × {3, 4}

= {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 3), (3, 4)}
and,
A × C = {1, 2, 3} × {4, 5, 6}

= {(1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 4),(2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)}
(A × B) ∩ (A × C ) = {(1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4)}

44. According to the question , we can state,

−−−−− −−−−−
f (x) = √x − 1 and g(x) = √x + 1
We have f(x) : [1, ∞) → R and g(x) : [−1, ∞) → as real square root is defined only for non- negative
+

af+g
We know (f +g)(x) = f (x) + g(x)
−−−−− −−−−−
∴ (f + g)(x) = √x − 1 + √x + 1

domain of f +g = [1, ∞) ∩ [−1, ∞)

domain of f + g = [1, ∞)
−−−− −−−−
Thus, f + g : [1, ∞) → R is given by (f + g)(x) = √x − 1 + √x + 1
(b) f -g
We know (f -g) (x) = f(x) - g(x)
−−−−− −−−−−
∴ (f − g)(x) = √x − 1 − √x + 1

Domain off - g domain of f domain of g

= domain of f - g = [1, ∞) ∩ [−1, ∞)
domain off −g = [1, ∞)
−−−− −−−−
Thus, f - g : [1, ∞) → R is given by (f − g)(x) = √x − 1 − √x + 1

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 (c) we know (cf)(x) = c × f (x)
−−−−−
∴ (cf )(x) = c√x − 1

domain of cf = [1, ∞)
−−−−
Thus,cf: [1, ∞) → R is given by (cf )(x) = c√x − 1
(d) fg
We know (fg)(x) = f(x)g(x)
−− −−− −−−−−
⇒ (f g)(x) = √x − 1√x + 1
−−−− −
2
∴ (f g)(x) = √x − 1

Domain of g = domain of g
= domain of fg = [1, ∞)
−−−−−
Thus, fg : [1, ∞) → R is given by (f g)(x) = √x − 1 2

We know ( 1

f
) (x) =
1

f (x)

1 1
∴ ( ) (x) =
f √x−1

f f (x)
We know that ( g
) (x) =
g(x)

f √x−1
=( g
) (x) =
√x+1
−−−
f x−1
∴ ( ) (x) = √
g x+1

domain of f/g domain of g

= domain of f/g = [1, ∞) ∩ [−1, ∞)
f
Domain of f g
= [1, ∞)
−−−
f f x−1
Thus, g
: [1, ∞) → R is given by (
g
) (x) = √
x+1

45. We have, A = {a, b} and B = {2,3}, then

A × B = {(a, 2), (a, 3), (b, 2), (b, 3) }

∴ n(A × B) = 4

Then, number of subsets of A × B

=2 n(A×B)

4
= 2

So, the number of relations from A to B is 16.

x − 2, x ≥ 2 (x + 2) x ≥ −2
46. Given, |x − 2| = { and |x + 2| = {
−(x − 2), x < 2 −(x + 2), x < −2

⎧ (x − 2) + (2 + x), 2 ≤ x ≤ 3
⎪

⇒ f (x) = ⎨ −(x − 2) + (x + 2), −2 ≤ x < 2

⎩
⎪
−(x − 2) − (x + 2), −3 ≤ x < −2

⎧ x − 2 + 2 + x, 2 ≤ x ≤ 3
⎪

= ⎨ −x + 2 + x + 2, −2 ≤ x < 2
⎩
⎪
−x + 2 − x − 2, −3 ≤ x < −2

⎧ 2x, 2 ≤ x ≤ 3
⎪

= ⎨ 4, −2 ≤ x < 2
⎩
⎪
−2x, −3 ≤ x < −2

47. From the given question , we can write,

f(x) = sin (x)
π π
− ≤ x ≤
4 4

Sin [− π

4
] = sin (-1)
= - sin 1
sin 0 = 0
sin = sin 0
π

=0
using properties of greatest integer function
(1) = 1. (0.5) = 0. (0.5) = -1
Hence, R(f) = -( sin 1.0)
48. We are given with the ,
x−[x]
f (x) = e

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 0 ≤ x − [x] < 1

0 x−|x| 1
e ≤ e < e

x−|x|
1 ≤ e < e

Therefore, R(f) = (1, e)

49. Here we have, A = {2, 3, 5, 7}, B = {3, 5, 9, 13, 15}.and f = {(x, y): x ∈ A, y ∈ B and y = 2x -1}
For x = 2, we have
y = 2x -1
y = 2(2) -1
y=3∈B
For x = 3, we have
y = 2x - 1
y = 2(3) - 1
y=5∈B
For x = 5, we have
y = 2x - 1
y = 2(5) - 1
y=9∈B
For x = 7, we have
y = 2x - 1
y = 2(7) -1
y = 13 ∈ B
∴ f = {(2, 3),(3, 5),(5, 9),(7, 13)}

Now, we have to show that f is a function from A to B

Function:
i. all elements of the first set are associated with the elements of the second set.
ii. An element of the first set has a unique image in the second set.
f = {(2, 3),(3, 5),(5, 9),(7, 13)}

Here, all elements of set A are associated with an element in set B.

An element of set A is associated with a unique element in set $B$.
∴ f is a function.

Dom (f) = 2, 3, 5, 7
Range (f) = 3, 5, 9, 13
50. According to the question,
Given, (x, y) R x + 2y = 8 where x N and y N
x = 8 – 2y
As y N, Put the values of y = 1, 2, 3,…… till × N
Put y = 1, x = 8 – 2(1) = 8 – 2 = 6
Put y = 2, x = 8 – 2(2) = 8 – 4 = 4
Put y = 3, x = 8 – 2(3) = 8 – 6 = 2
Put y = 4, x = 8 – 2(4) = 8 – 8 = 0
Now, y cannot hold value 4 because x = 0 for y = 4 which is not a natural number.
∴ R = {(2, 3), (4, 2), (6, 1)}

An inverse relation is the set of ordered pairs obtained by interchanging the first and second elements of each pair in the original
relation. If the graph of a function contains a point (a, b), then the graph of the inverse relation of this function contains the point
(b, a).

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 R‑1 = {(3, 2), (2, 4), (1, 6)}
⇒ R‑1 = {(1, 6), (2, 4), (3, 2)}
51. We have, P = {1, 4}
Now, P× P = {1, 4} × {1, 4}
∴ P× P = {(1, 1), (1, 4), (4, 1), (4, 4) }

Again, P× P× P = {(1, 1), (1, 4), (4, 1), (4, 4) }× {1, 4}

= {(1, 1, 1), (1, 4, 1), (4, 1, 1), (4, 4, 1), (1, 1, 4), (1, 4, 4), (4, 1, 4), (4, 4, 4) }
52. We have,
A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {4} and C = {5}
∴ B ∩ C = {4} ∩ {5} = ϕ

∴ A × (B ∩ C ) = {1, 2, 3} × ϕ

⇒ A × (B ∩ C ) = ϕ ........(i)

Now, A × B = {1, 2, 3} × {4}

= {(1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4)}
and, A × C = {1, 2, 3} × {5}
= {(1, 5), (2, 5), (3, 5)}
∴ (A × B) ∩ (A × C )= {(1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4)}∩ {(1, 5), (2, 5), (3, 5)}

⇒ (A × B) ∩ (A × C ) = ϕ ....(ii)

From equation (i) and equation (ii), we get

A × (B ∩ C ) = (A × B) ∩ (A × C )

Hence verified.
53. According to the question, f (x) = 1 − |x − 2|
We observe that f(x) is defined for all x ∈ R. Therefore, Domain(f) = R
∴ 0 ≤ |x-2| < ∞ for all x ∈ R

⇒ -∞ < -|x - 2| ≤ 0 for all x ∈ R

⇒ -∞ < 1- |x - 2| ≤ 1 for all x ∈ R
⇒ -∞ < f(x) ≤ 1 for all x ∈ R

∴ Range(f) = (-∞ , 1]

54. Here we have, f(x) = 2 for all x ∈ R

Then, dom (f) = R and range (f) = {2}.
Now we make the table of above function,
X -2 -1 0 1 2 3

f(x) = 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
On a graph paper, we draw X' OX arid YOY' as the x-axis and the y-axis respectively.
Taking the scale: 10 small divisions = 1 unit.
On this graph paper, we plot the points A(-2, 2), B(-1, 2), C(0, 2), D(1, 2), E(2, 2) and F(3, 2). Join A, B, C, D, E and F
successively to obtain the required graph line ABCDEF, whose
equation is y = 2

Graph of the function, f(x) = 2

55. i. We may also write the given relation as,
R = {(x, x + 3) : 0 < x < 5, x ∈ N }
2

As per condition x takes the values 1, 2, 3, 4 and therefore, y takes the values 4, 7, 12, 19 .

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 Thus, R = {(1, 4), (2, 7), (3, 12), (4, 19) }
Hence, domain of R = {1, 2, 3, 4 } and range of R = {4, 7, 12, 19 }
ii. We may also write the given relation as,
R = {(x,
1+x
1
) : x is an odd natural number}
As per condition x takes the values 1, 3, 5, 7 ,.....
∴

1 1 1 1
R = {(1, ) , (3, ) , (5, ) , (7, ) , …}
2 4 6 8

Hence, domain of R = {1, 3, 5 ,...} and range of R = { 1

2
,
1

4
,
1

6
, …}

56. Here f(x) = ax + b

f = {(1, 1), (2, 3), (0, -1), (-1, -3)}
⇒ f (1) = 1, f (2) = 3, f(0) = -1, f(-1) = -3

Now f(1) = 1 ⇒ a × 1 + b = 1 ⇒ a + b = 1 . . . (i)

f (2) = 3 ⇒ a × 2 + b = 3 ⇒ 2a + b = 3 . . . (ii)
Subtracting (i) from (ii) we get
2a + b - (a + b) = 3 - 1 ⇒ a = 2
Putting a = 2 in (i)
2 + b = 1 ⇒ b = -1
57. According to the question, we can write,
given: A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {3, 4}
To find: graphical representation of A × B
A × B = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 3), (3, 4)}
To represent A × B graphically, given steps must be followed:
a. One horizontal and one vertical axis should be drawn.
b. The element of set A should be represented in horizontal axis and on vertical axis elements of set B should be represented.
c. Draw dotted lines perpendicular to horizontal and vertical axes through the elements of set A and B.
d. Point of intersection of these perpendicular represents A × B.

58. We have, f(x) = |x - 1|

Clearly, f(x) is defined for all x ∈ R. So, dom (f) = R
For all x ∈ R, we have
|x - 1| ≥ 0 ⇒ f(x) ≥ 0
∴ range (f) = [0, ∞ )

Hence, dom (f) = R and range (f) = [0, ∞ )

59. Here we have, f(x) = 0 for all x ∈ R
Then, dom (f) = R and range (f) = {0}
Now, we have,
X -2 -1 0 1 2

f(x) = 2 0 0 0 0 0
On a graph paper, we draw the horizontal line X' OX as the x-axis and the vertical line YOY' as the y-axis.
Taking the scale: 10 small divisions = 1 unit.
Now, on this graph paper, we plot the points A(-2, 0), B(-1, 0), O(0, 0), C(1, 0) and D(2,0) and join them successively to get the
graph line ABOCD, shown below, whose equation is y = 0.

12 / 18
 Graph of the function, f(x) = 0
60. Here ( x

3
+ 1, y −
2

3
) = (
5

3
,
1

3
)

∴
x

3
+ 1 =
5

3
and y − 2

3
=
1

⇒
x

3
=
5

3
− 1 and y = 1

3
+
2

⇒
x

3
=
2

3
and y = 3

⇒ x = 2 and y = 1
61. (i) Here the relation is
{(2, 1), (5, 1), (8, 1), (11, 1), (14, 1), (17, 1)}
All values of x are distinct. Each value of x has a unique value of y.
So the relation is a function.
∴ Domain of function = {2,5, 8, 11, 14, 17}

Range of function = {1}

(ii) Here the relation is
{(2, 1), (4, 2), (6, 3), (8, 4), (10, 5), (12, 6), (14, 7)}
All values of x are distinct. Each value of x has a unique value of y.
So the relation is a function.
∴ Domain of function = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14}

Range of function = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}

(iii) Here the relation is
{(1, 3), (1, 5), (2, 5)}
This relation is not a function because there is an element 1 which is associated to two elements 3 and 5.
62. Suppose (a, b) be an arbitrary element of A × (B ∪ C ).
⇒ (a, b) ∈ A × (B ∪ C )

⇒ a∈ A and b ∈ B ∪ C
⇒ and (b ∈ B or b ∈ C )
a∈ A

⇒ (a ∈ A and b ∈ B) or (a ∈ A and b ∈ C)

⇒ (a, b) ∈ A × B or (a, b) ∈ A × C

⇒ (a, b) ∈ (A × B) ∪ (A × C ) .....(i)

Suppose (x, y) be an arbitrary element of (A × B) ∪ (A × C ).

⇒ (x, y) ∈ (A × B) ∪ (A × C )

⇒ (x, y) ∈ A × B or (x, y) ∈ A × C

⇒ (x ∈ A and y ∈ B) or (x ∈ A and y ∈ C)
⇒ x ∈ A and (y ∈ B or y ∈ C)

⇒ x ∈ A and y ∈ (B ∪ C )

⇒ (x, y) ∈ A × (B ∪ C )

∴ (A × B) ∪ (A × C ) ⊆ A × (B ∪ C ) ....(ii)
From equations (i) and (ii),
A × (B ∪ C ) = (A × B) ∪ (A × C )

Hence proved.
63. We have, A = f{1, 2} and B = {2, 4, 6}
Also it is given that, f = {(x, y) : x ∈ A, y ∈ B and y > 2x + 1}.

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 Put x = 1 in y > 2x + 1, we obtain
y > 2(1) + 1
⇒ y > 3

and y ∈ B
This means y = 4,6 if x = 1 because it satisfies the condition y > 3.
Put x = 2 in y > 2x + 1, we get
y > 2(2) + 1
⇒ y > 5

This means y = 6 if x = 2 because, it satisfies the condition y > 5.

∴ f = {(1, 4),(1, 6),(2, 6)}

(1,2),(2,2),(2,4) are not the members of 'f' because they do not satisfy the given condition y > 2x + 1
Firstly, we have to show that f is a relation from A to B.
First elements in F = 1, 2
All the first elements are in Set A. So, the first element is from set A
Second elements in F = 4, 6
All the second elements are in Set B
So, the second element is from set B
Since the first element is from set A and second element is from set B
Hence, F is a relation from A to B.
All elements of the first set are associated with the elements of the second set.
i. An element of the first set has a unique image in the second set.
Now, we have to show that $f$ is not a function from A to B
f = {(1, 4),(1, 6),(2, 6)}

f = {(1, 4),(1, 6),(2,6)}

Here, 1 is coming twice.
Hence, it does not have a unique (one) image.
So, it is not a function.
64. Given that,
R = {(1, 39), (2, 37), (3, 35) .... (19, 3), (20, 1)}
Domain = {1,2,3,.......,20}
Range = {1,3,5,7......,39}
R is not reflexive as (2, 2) ∉ R as
2 × 2 + 2 ≠ 41

R is not symmetric
as (1, 39) ∈ R but (39, 1) ∉ R
R is not transitive
as (11, 19) ∈ R, (19, 3) ∈ R
But (11, 3) ∉ R
Hence, R is neither reflexive, nor symmetric and nor transitive.
65. i. a. Let (x, y) ∈ R
⇒ x − y is divisible by n.

⇒ x − y = kn for some k ∈ Z

⇒ y − x = (−k)n

⇒ y − x is divisible by n.
⇒ (y, x) ∈ R

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 b. Let (x, y) ∈ R and (y, z)∈ R
Now, (x, y) ∈ R ⇒ x − y is divisible by n.
⇒ x − y = kn for some k ∈ Z

Also, (y, z) ∈ R ⇒ y − z is divisible by n.

⇒ y − z = mn for some m ∈ Z.
⇒(x − y) + (y − z) = kn + mn

⇒ x − z = (k + m)n

⇒ x - z is divisible by n.
⇒ (x, z) ∈ R
2
x −9
ii. Here, f (x) = x−3

f(x) assume all real values of x except for x - 3 = 0

i.e., x = 3.
Thus, domain of f(x) = R - {3}.
Let f(x) = y
2 (x+3)(x−3)
x −9
∴ y = =
x−3 (x−3)

⇒ y = x + 3

Since y takes all real values except 6.

Thus, range of f(x) = R - {6}.
2
x +3x+5
iii. Here, f (x) = 2
x +x−6
2
x +3x+5
=
(x+3)(x−2)

The function f(x) is defined for all values of x except for x + 3 = 0 and x − 2 = 0 i.e., x = −3 and x = 2.
Thus, domain of f(x) = R - {-3, 2}.
66. i. To determine A × (B ∪ C)
B ∪ C = {b, c, e} ∪ {b, c, f} = {b, c, e, f}
∴ A× (B ∪ C) = {a, d} × {b, c, e, f}

= {(a, b), (a, c), (a, e), (a, f), (d, b), (d, c), (d, e), (d, f)} ...(i)
To determine (A × B) ∪ (A × C)
A × B = {a, d} × {b, c, e}
= {(a, b), (a, c), (a, e), (d, b), (d, c), (d, e)}
A×​ C = {a, d} × {b, c, f}
= {(a, b), (a, c), (a, f), (d, b), (d, c), (d, f)}
∴ (A× B) ∪ (A× C)

= {(a, b), (a, c), (a, e), (a, f), (d, b), (d,c), (d,e),(d,f)} ...(ii)
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
A× (B∪C) = (A× B)∪(A× C)
Hence verified.
ii. To determine A × (B ∩ C)
(B ∩ C) = {b, c, e} ∩ {b, c, f} = {b, c}​​
∴ A × (B ∩ C) = {a, d} × {b, c}​​
= {(a, b), (a, c), (d, b), (d, c)} ...(iii)​​
To determine (A× B)∩(A× C)
A × B = {(a, b), (a, c), (a, e), (d, b), (d, c), (d, e)}
A × C = {(a, b), (a, c), (a, f), (d, b), (d, c), (d, f)}​​
∴ (A× B)∩(A× C) = {​​(a, b), (a, c), (d, b), (d, c)​​} ...(iv)
From Eqs. (iii) and (iv), we get
A× (B∩C) = (A× B)∩(A× C)
Hence verified.
67. i. Given: A = {2, 3, 5} and B = {5, 7}
To find A × B
As we know that According to the definition of the Cartesian product,
Given two non-empty sets X and Y. The Cartesian product X × Y is the set of all
ordered pairs of elements from X and Y, i.e,

15 / 18
 X × Y = {(X, Y) : x ∈ X, y ∈ Y}

Here, A = {2, 3, 5} and B = {5, 7}. So, A × B = {2, 3, 5} × {5, 7}

A × B = {(2, 5), (3, 5), (5, 5), (2, 7), (3, 7), (5, 7)}
ii. Given: A = {2, 3, 5} and B = {5, 7}
To find: B × A
As we know that According to the definition of the Cartesian product,
Given two non-empty sets X and Y. The Cartesian product X × Y is the set of all
ordered pairs of elements from X and Y, i.e.,
X × Y = {(X, Y) : x ∈ X, y ∈ Y}

Here, A = {2, 3, 5} and B = {5, 7}. So, B × A = (5, 7) × (2, 3, 5)

B × A = {(5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 5), (7, 2), (7, 3), (7, 5)}
iii. Given: A = {2, 3, 5} and B = {2, 3, 5}
To find: A × A
As we know that According to the definition of the Cartesian product,
Given two non-empty sets X and Y. The Cartesian product X × Y is the set of all
ordered pairs of elements from X and Y, i.e,
X × Y = {(X, Y) : x ∈ X, y ∈ Y}

Here, A = {2, 3, 5} and A = {2, 3, 5}. So, A × A = (2, 3, 5) × (2, 3, 5)

A × A = {(2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 5), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 5), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 5)}
iv. Given: B = {5, 7}
To find: B × B
As we know that According to the definition of the Cartesian product,
Given two non-empty sets X and Y. The Cartesian product X × Y is the set of all
ordered pairs of elements from X and Y, i.e.,
X × Y = {(X, Y) : x ∈ X, y ∈ Y}

Here, B = {(5, 7) and B = {5, 7}. So, B × B = (5, 7) × (5, 7)}

B × B = {(5, 5), (5, 7), (7, 5), (7, 7)}
Section D
68. i. Number of relations = 26 = 64
ii. Number of possible functions = 23 = 8
iii. R is an equivalence relation as it is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
OR
Since f is not one-one function
∴ f is not bijective

69. i. f(x) = 1

2−sin 3x

Here, 2 - sin 3x can never be zero as sin 3x will always less than 2.
∴ Domain of f(x) will be x ∈ R.

Now, f(x) will be maximum when 2 - sin 3x is minimum.

2 - sin 3x will be minimum when sin 3x = 1.
∴ f(x)max = =1
1

2−1

f(x) will be minimum when 2 - sin 3x is maximum.

2 - sin 3x will be maximum when sin 3x = -1.
1
∴ f (x)min =
1
2−(−1)=
3

So, range of f(x) will be [ 1

3
, 1] .

ii. We have, f(1 + x) = x2 + 1 ...(i)

On substituting x = (1 - h) in eq. (i), we get
f(1 + 1 - h) = (1 - h)2 + 1
f(2 - h) = 1 + h2 - 2h + 1
= h2 - 2h + 2

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 iii. f(x) = x2 + 2x + 3
at f(1), f(2), f(3)
f(1) = (1)2 + 2(1) + 3 = 1 + 2 + 3 = 6
f(2) = (2)2 + 2(2) + 3 = 4 + 4 + 3 = 11
f(3) = (3)2 + 2(3) + 3 = 9 + 6 + 3 = 18
OR
x = y2
70. i. h(x) = [x] is the greatest integer function. Its range is Z (set of integers)
ii. f(x) = |x|. The domain of f(x) is R.
iii. Since 10 > 0, f(10) = 1.
OR
g(x) is the signum function. Its range is {-1, 0, 1}.
71. i. Number of functions from A to B are n(B)n(A) = qp
ii. Number of relations from A to B is 2 n(A)n(B)
= 2 . pq

iii. Figures A and B show relations. Figure C shows a function but not a relation.
OR
x is a factor of y.
1, 2, 4 and 8 are factors of 8.
72. i. Since {(1, 4), (2, 6), (3, 6)} are the elements of A × B.
It follows that the elements of set A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {4, 6}
Hence A × B = {(1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 4), (2, 6), (3, 4), (3, 6)}
B × A = {(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3)}
ii. (x + 2, 4) = (5, 2x + y)
Then, x + 2 = 5
x=5-2=3
Then, putting the value of x in 2x + y = 4
2×3+y=4
6+y=4
y = -2
The value of x and y are 3 and -2.
iii. (x + 6, y - 2) = (0, 6)
x+6=0
x = -6
y-2=6
y=8
OR
(a - 3, b + 7) = (3, 7)
a-3=3
a=6
b+7=7
b=0

73. i. Number of relations = 2mn

= 23× 6 = 218
ii. Number of relations = 2mn
= 22× 2 = 24 = 16
iii. R = {(x, y): x ∈ P, y ∈ Q and x is the square of y}
OR
Here, W denotes the set of whole numbers.
We have 2a + b = 5 where a, b ∈ W
∴a=0⇒b=5
⇒ a = 1 ⇒ b = 5 − 2 = 3

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 and a = 2 ⇒ b = 1
For a > 3, the values of b given by the above relation are not whole numbers.
∴ A = {(0, 5), (1, 3), (2, 1)}

74. i. Number of relations from B to G

= 2number of element in B number of elements in G
×

= 23 2
×

= 26
ii. R = {(x, y) : x and y are students of same sex}
∵ x and x are if same sex

So (x, x) ∈ R for all x

So R is Reflexive.
Now, if x and y are of same sex
then y and x are of same sex
thus (x, y) ∈ R and (y, x) ∈ R
So R is symmetric.
Now, if x and y are of same sex
And y and z are of same sex
then x and z will also be of same sex
So (x, y) ∈ R & (y, z) ∈ R then (x, z) ∈ R
So R is transitive
hence R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive
so R is an equivalence relation.
iii. ∵ B has 3 elements and G has 2 elements
So number of functions = 2 × 2 × 2.
= 23.
OR
In given function
Every element of set B have an image.
Every element of set B have only one image in set G.
Now for injective function
Every element of set B should have a unique image in set G which is not possible
∴ number of possible injective function = 0

75. i. n(A × A) = 9
⇒ n(A) ⊂ n(A) = 9 ⇒ n(A) = 3

(-1,0) ∈ A × A ⇒ -1 ∈ A, 0 ∈ A
(0,1) ∈ A × A ⇒ 0 ∈ A, 1 ∈ A
⇒ -1, 0, 1 ∈ A

Also, n(A) = 3 ⇒ A = (-1, 0, 1)

Hence, A = {-1, 0, 1}
Also, A × A = {-1, 0, 1} × {-1, 0, 1}
= {(-1, -1), (-1, 0), (-1, 1), (0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1), (1, -1), (1, 0), (1, 1)}
Hence, the remaining elements of A × A are
(-1, -1), (-1, 1), (0, -1), (0, 0), (1, -1), (1, 0) and (1, 1).
ii. Given, (A × B) = 6 and (A × B) = {(1, 3), (2, 5), (3, 3)}
We know that Cartesian product of set A = {a, b} & B = {c, d} is A × B = {(a, c), (a, d), (b, c), (b, d)}
Therefore, A = {1, 2, 3} & B = {3, 5}
⇒ A × B = {(1, 3), (1, 5), (2, 3), (2, 5), (3, 3), (3, 5)}

Thus, remaining elements are A × B = {(1, 5), (2, 3), (3, 5)}
iii. If the set A has 3 elements and set B has 4 elements, then the number of elements in A × B = 12
OR
Clearly, A is the set of all first entries in ordered pairs in A × B and B is the set of all second entries in ordered pairs in A × B
∴ A = {a, b} and B = {1, 2, 3}

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