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    Lab Testing 2

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    Dr Wong Kim Yuen
    The document discusses the requirements for effective strength tests including samples, equipment, duration and calibration. It describes the CU and CD triaxial tests and provides details on conducting the tests such as sample size and preparation, saturation and consolidation times, and equipment used.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lab Testing 2

    Uploaded by

    Dr Wong Kim Yuen
    48 views11 pages
    The document discusses the requirements for effective strength tests including samples, equipment, duration and calibration. It describes the CU and CD triaxial tests and provides details on conducting the tests such as sample size and preparation, saturation and consolidation times, and equipment used.

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    The document discusses the requirements for effective strength tests including samples, equipment, duration and calibration. It describes the CU and CD triaxial tests and provides details on conducting the tests such as sample size and preparation, saturation and consolidation times, and equipment used.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    48 views11 pages

    Lab Testing 2

    Uploaded by

    Dr Wong Kim Yuen
    The document discusses the requirements for effective strength tests including samples, equipment, duration and calibration. It describes the CU and CD triaxial tests and provides details on conducting the tests such as sample size and preparation, saturation and consolidation times, and equipment used.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 11

    SOILPRO TECHNICAL SERVICES SDN BHD http://www.soilpro.com.my Co.No.

    380315-T

    EFFECTIVE STRENGTH TESTS


    PRACTICAL TESTS REQUIREMENT
    BY WONG KIM YUEN

    10/17/2008

    Effective Strength Tests - Practical Tests Requirement

    SOILPRO TECHNICAL SERVICES SDN BHD http://www.soilpro.com.my Co.No.380315-T

    CONTENT
    Effective strength tests References Samples Duration Equipment Calibration

    10/17/2008

    Effective Strength Tests - Practical Tests Requirement

    SOILPRO TECHNICAL SERVICES SDN BHD http://www.soilpro.com.my Co.No.380315-T

    EFFECTIVE STRENGTH TESTS


    The two routine compression tests with pore water pressure (pwp) measurements are:

    CU Consolidated Undrained Triaxial CD Consolidated Drained Triaxial


    What is the I in CIU and CID?

    10/17/2008

    Effective Strength Tests - Practical Tests Requirement

    SOILPRO TECHNICAL SERVICES SDN BHD http://www.soilpro.com.my Co.No.380315-T

    What is the I in CIU and CID?


    The I is the abbrev for Isotropic
    Terminology:
    Isotropic The value of permeability in the horizontal direction is the same as in the vertical direction Isotropic Consolidation - consolidation due to the application of three equal principal stresses, i.e., 1 = 2 = 3
    10/17/2008 Effective Strength Tests - Practical Tests Requirement 4

    SOILPRO TECHNICAL SERVICES SDN BHD http://www.soilpro.com.my Co.No.380315-T

    Test Description:

    CU Triaxial - The sample is allowed to saturate and consolidated under the applied confining and back pressures prior to the start of the test. The volume change is monitored by measuring the water and/or air expelled during the saturation to consolidation stage. Once consolidation is completed, the sample is then isolated from the back pressure and no drainage is permitted during the shearing test. The calculated rate of strain can be as slow as 0.032mm/min to measure the pore water pressures and stresses. From a set of tests on 3 specimens, Mohr circles of effective stress and total stress at failure can be plotted. The effective cohesion and effective shear angle values can also be determined.
    10/17/2008 Effective Strength Tests - Practical Tests Requirement 5

    SOILPRO TECHNICAL SERVICES SDN BHD http://www.soilpro.com.my Co.No.380315-T

    Test Description:
    The sample is allowed to saturate and consolidated under the applied confining and back pressures prior to the start of the test. The volume change is monitored by measuring the water and/or air expelled during the saturation to consolidation stage. Once consolidation is completed, the back pressure remains connected to the sample and drainage is permitted during the shearing test at sufficiently slow strain rates to avoid the development of excess pore pressures. The calculated rate of strain can be as slow as 0.015mm/min to measure the pore water pressures, stresses and volume changes. From a set of tests on 3 specimens, Mohr circles of effective stress and total stress at failure can be plotted. The effective cohesion and effective shear angle values can also be determined.
    10/17/2008 Effective Strength Tests - Practical Tests Requirement 6

    CD Triaxial -

    SOILPRO TECHNICAL SERVICES SDN BHD http://www.soilpro.com.my Co.No.380315-T

    References
    Test Standard For CU - BS1377:1990: Part 8, Method 7 For CD - BS1377:1990: Part 8, Method 8 Publications
    Manual of Soil Laboratory Testing, Vol. 3 by KH Head Soil Technicians Handbook by KH Head The Measurement of Soil Properties in Triaxial Test by AW Bishop & DJ Henkel
    10/17/2008 Effective Strength Tests - Practical Tests Requirement 7

    SOILPRO TECHNICAL SERVICES SDN BHD http://www.soilpro.com.my Co.No.380315-T

    SAMPLES
    Preparation of test samples is dependant on three important factors:

    Sampling Techniques Size of Test Sample Sample Condition

    10/17/2008

    Effective Strength Tests - Practical Tests Requirement

    SOILPRO TECHNICAL SERVICES SDN BHD http://www.soilpro.com.my Co.No.380315-T

    SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
    Test samples are obtained from specified sampling techniques such as:

    Undisturbed Samples Reconstituted Compacted Samples

    10/17/2008

    Effective Strength Tests - Practical Tests Requirement

    SOILPRO TECHNICAL SERVICES SDN BHD http://www.soilpro.com.my Co.No.380315-T

    Undisturbed Samples
    60mm sampler (mild or stainless steel tube) 72mm piston sampler (stainless steel tube) 72mm Mazier sampler (pvc)
    Block sampling

    Reconstituted Compacted Samples


    Disturbed soil from bulk sampling compacted in split mould to specified moisture and density in relation to predetermined MDD and OMC
    10/17/2008 Effective Strength Tests - Practical Tests Requirement 10

    SOILPRO TECHNICAL SERVICES SDN BHD http://www.soilpro.com.my Co.No.380315-T

    SIZE OF TEST SAMPLE


    Diameter x Length, mm 38x76, 50x100, 70x140 or 72x144 Min.preparation length for Undisturbed Samples 38mm = 100mm or 300mm for 3 specimens 50mm = 125mm or 375mm for 3 specimens 70mm = 165mm or 495mm for 3 specimens 72mm = 170mm or 510mm for 3 specimens
    10/17/2008 Effective Strength Tests - Practical Tests Requirement 11

    SOILPRO TECHNICAL SERVICES SDN BHD http://www.soilpro.com.my Co.No.380315-T

    SAMPLE CONDITION
    The portion available for test specimens is particularly important when considering the representative condition of undisturbed samples. Field log recovery length is subject to laboratory observations as follows:

    Sampling disturbance Actual representative length for tests


    10/17/2008 Effective Strength Tests - Practical Tests Requirement 12

    SOILPRO TECHNICAL SERVICES SDN BHD http://www.soilpro.com.my Co.No.380315-T

    DURATION
    The duration of tests is determined by specific requirements and procedures as follows:

    Requirement

    Sample Size - 38, 50 or 70 Undrained or Drained CU or CD


    Procedure

    Saturation & consolidation properties of soils Different rates of strain for CU and CD
    10/17/2008 Effective Strength Tests - Practical Tests Requirement 13

    SOILPRO TECHNICAL SERVICES SDN BHD http://www.soilpro.com.my Co.No.380315-T

    INDICATIVE DURATION
    For a CU Triaxial Test at a Stain Rate of 0.032 mm/min and shearing 3 specimens at the same time
    Sample Size, mm 38 50 70 DURATION
    10/17/2008

    Saturation and Consolidation 24 to 48 hr 24 to 48 hr 24 to 48 hr 1 to 2 DAYS

    Percentage of Strain and approximate Failure Time 5% 2 hr 2.5 hr 4 hr 10% 4 hr 5 hr 8 hr 15% 6 hr 7.5 hr 12 hr 1 DAY
    14

    20% 8 hr 10 hr 16 hr

    Effective Strength Tests - Practical Tests Requirement

    SOILPRO TECHNICAL SERVICES SDN BHD http://www.soilpro.com.my Co.No.380315-T

    INDICATIVE DURATION
    For a CD Triaxial Test at a Stain Rate of 0.015 mm/min and shearing 3 specimens at the same time
    Sample Size, mm 38 50 70 DURATION
    10/17/2008

    Saturation and Consolidation 24 to 48 hr 24 to 48 hr 24 to 48 hr 1 to 2 DAYS

    Percentage of Strain and approximate Failure Time 5% 4 hr 5 hr 8 hr 10% 8 hr 10 hr 16 hr 15% 12 hr 15 hr 24 hr 20% 16 hr 20 hr 32 hr

    1 to 2 DAYS
    15

    Effective Strength Tests - Practical Tests Requirement

    SOILPRO TECHNICAL SERVICES SDN BHD http://www.soilpro.com.my Co.No.380315-T

    EQUIPMENT
    Description of triaxial test equipment and ancillary systems

    3 No. 70mm Triaxial Cells (for samples size


    ranging 38mm, 50mm and 70mm; with working pressures up to 1,700 kPa)

    Accessories (for the 3 different sample sizes) Pressure System (continuous constant pressure
    control of 0 to 1,700 kPa fully variable. For 3 specimens concurrent testing - 3 Lines for Cell Pressures and 3 Lines for Back Pressures)
    10/17/2008 Effective Strength Tests - Practical Tests Requirement 16

    SOILPRO TECHNICAL SERVICES SDN BHD http://www.soilpro.com.my Co.No.380315-T

    EQUIPMENT
    Description of triaxial test equipment and ancillary systems

    Modular Pressure Panel System

    (with 200mm Test Gauge of 1,700 kPa capacity, 10 kPa div., control valves and pipework)

    2 No. 1,000 kPa capacity and 1 No. 1,700 kPa capacity, with 1 kPa accuracy)

    4-Channel Pore Pressure Readout 3 No. Pore Pressure Transducers (preferably

    10/17/2008

    Effective Strength Tests - Practical Tests Requirement

    17

    SOILPRO TECHNICAL SERVICES SDN BHD http://www.soilpro.com.my Co.No.380315-T

    EQUIPMENT
    Description of triaxial test equipment and ancillary systems

    3 No. Twin-burette Volume Change Units


    capacity per burette x 0.2ml accuracy) capacities) 0.01mm per div.)

    (100ml

    3 Sets Load Rings ( 3 No. for each 1 kN , 2 kN and 4.5 kN 3 No. Deformation Dial Gauges (25 mm travel at 3 No. 10kN compression Load Frame (for
    18

    concurrent shearing of 3 specimens)


    10/17/2008

    Effective Strength Tests - Practical Tests Requirement

    SOILPRO TECHNICAL SERVICES SDN BHD http://www.soilpro.com.my Co.No.380315-T

    EQUIPMENT
    Catalogue references of triaxial test equipment and ancillary systems can be obtained from the following:

    ELE International Ltd (http://www.eleint.co.uk) Wykeham Farrance Eng. Ltd


    (http://www.wfi.co.uk)

    GDS Instruments Ltd

    (http://www.gdsinst.com)

    10/17/2008

    Effective Strength Tests - Practical Tests Requirement

    19

    SOILPRO TECHNICAL SERVICES SDN BHD http://www.soilpro.com.my Co.No.380315-T

    CALIBRATION
    Suggested maximum intervals between routine checks and full calibrations of triaxial test equipment (Reference K.H.Head)
    Equipment Dial gauges Load rings Press.Transducer Test gauge Elec.Readout unit
    10/17/2008

    Routine Check before use Free movement Correct operation Direction of movement (+ or -) Zero reading Monthly

    Full Calibration 2 years 2 years 1 year 6 months 1 year 20

    Vol. Change gauge Interface meniscus

    Effective Strength Tests - Practical Tests Requirement

    10

    SOILPRO TECHNICAL SERVICES SDN BHD http://www.soilpro.com.my Co.No.380315-T

    CALIBRATIONS
    Intervals between calibrations may be subject to national standards recommendation or specification. The new ISO17025 General requirements for the competence of calibrating and testing laboratories, allows flexibility in the calibration interval by having the calibration due open dated, that is, Calibration Certificates must not contain recommendations of calibration interval except when agreed upon with client.

    10/17/2008

    Effective Strength Tests - Practical Tests Requirement

    21

    11

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