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    UNIT-3 Biodiversity and Biotic Resources:: 1 Genetic Diversity

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    Mansour Controversial Khan
    This document discusses biodiversity, including the three types - genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. It describes genetic diversity being stored in DNA and varying between organisms. Species diversity refers to different groups of similar living organisms within an ecosystem, with over 1.7 billion known species worldwide. Ecosystem diversity is the variety of ecosystems, both living and non-living. Biodiversity provides many benefits like food, medicine, soil protection, and aesthetic/cultural values. Three biodiversity hotspots in India - Eastern Himalayas, Western Ghats, and Indo-Burma border regions - contain around 50,000 endemic plant species between them. Threats to biodiversity include activities like mining, hunting, habitat loss

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    UNIT-3 Biodiversity and Biotic Resources:: 1 Genetic Diversity

    Uploaded by

    Mansour Controversial Khan
    182 views4 pages
    This document discusses biodiversity, including the three types - genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. It describes genetic diversity being stored in DNA and varying between organisms. Species diversity refers to different groups of similar living organisms within an ecosystem, with over 1.7 billion known species worldwide. Ecosystem diversity is the variety of ecosystems, both living and non-living. Biodiversity provides many benefits like food, medicine, soil protection, and aesthetic/cultural values. Three biodiversity hotspots in India - Eastern Himalayas, Western Ghats, and Indo-Burma border regions - contain around 50,000 endemic plant species between them. Threats to biodiversity include activities like mining, hunting, habitat loss

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    Biodiversity

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    This document discusses biodiversity, including the three types - genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. It describes genetic diversity being stored in DNA and varying between organisms. Species diversity refers to different groups of similar living organisms within an ecosystem, with over 1.7 billion known species worldwide. Ecosystem diversity is the variety of ecosystems, both living and non-living. Biodiversity provides many benefits like food, medicine, soil protection, and aesthetic/cultural values. Three biodiversity hotspots in India - Eastern Himalayas, Western Ghats, and Indo-Burma border regions - contain around 50,000 endemic plant species between them. Threats to biodiversity include activities like mining, hunting, habitat loss

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    182 views4 pages

    UNIT-3 Biodiversity and Biotic Resources:: 1 Genetic Diversity

    Uploaded by

    Mansour Controversial Khan
    This document discusses biodiversity, including the three types - genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. It describes genetic diversity being stored in DNA and varying between organisms. Species diversity refers to different groups of similar living organisms within an ecosystem, with over 1.7 billion known species worldwide. Ecosystem diversity is the variety of ecosystems, both living and non-living. Biodiversity provides many benefits like food, medicine, soil protection, and aesthetic/cultural values. Three biodiversity hotspots in India - Eastern Himalayas, Western Ghats, and Indo-Burma border regions - contain around 50,000 endemic plant species between them. Threats to biodiversity include activities like mining, hunting, habitat loss

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    of 4

    UNIT-3 BIODIVERSITY AND BIOTIC RESOURCES

    BIODIVERSITY: IT IS A CONTRACTION OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY. * IT IS A VARIATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT LIVING ORGANISMS. * THERE ARE 3 TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY.THEY ARE:

    1.GENETIC DIVERSITY:
    * GENES ARE UNITS OF INFORMATION IN HUMAN BODY TRANSMITTED FROM ONE GENERATION TO ANOTHER. * GENES ARE COMPOSED OF DNA. * DNA IS COMBINED WITH SPECIAL PROTEINS. * THE INFORMATION IN DNA IS STORED IN THESE PROTEINS. * EVERY LIVING ORGANISM HAS A DIFFERENT ORDER AND NUMBER OF DNA. * DNA IS RESPONSIBLE FOR DIFFERENT BEHAVIOURAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN LIVING BEINGS. * GENETIC DIVERSITY IS ACHIEVED BY MUTATION AND SEXUAL REPRODUCTION.

    2. SPECIES DIVERSITY: * SPECIES ARE A GROUP OF LIVING ORGANISMS WHICH ARE


    SIMILAR TO EACH OTHER. * THERE ARE DIFFERENT KINDS OF SPECIES IN ECOSYSTEM. EXAMPLE: A FOREST CONTAINS DIFFERENT SPECIES OF ANIMALS AND PLANTS * ECOLOGISTS HAVE DISCOVERED 1.7 BILLION DIFFERENT SPECIES OF LIVING ORGANISMS IN DA WORLD.. 3.ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY: * VARIETY OF ECOSYSTEMS IS KNOWN AS ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY. * ECOSYSTEM INCLUDE BOTH LIVING & NON-LIVING ORGANISMS INTERACTING WITH EACH OTHER. * AN ECOSYSTEM MAYBE OF LARGE AREA IN KILOMETRES LIKE FORESTS (OR) A SMALL ARE A LIKE PONDS.

    USES & VALUES OF BIODIVERSITY:


    * WE HAVE MANY DIRECT AND INDIRECT BENEFITS FROM NATURE. * FORESTS AND FISHERY ARE SOURCES OF BILLIONS OF DOLLARS OF INCOME FOR MANY COUNTRIES. * AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK(POULTRY & CATTLE) CONTRIBUTE TO THE NATIONAL INCOME OF THE COUNTRY. * WE GET OXYGEN FROM GREN PLANTS. * 118 OUT OF 150 MEDICINES AND DRUGS ARE DERIVED FROM PLANTS. Eg: NEEM TREE-ANTISEPTICS, BARK OF WILLOW TREEASPIRIN, SKIN OF FROGS-PAINKILLLERS. * HYBRID PLANTS AND CROPS ARE BEING DEVELOPED BY BIOTECHNOLOGISTS. * A NATURAL BIODIVERSITY PREVENTS SOIL EROSION, FLOODS AND OTHER NATURAL DISASTERS. * THERE ARE MANY RELIGIOUS VIEWS ATTACHED TO BIODIVERSITY. * ACCORDING TO ISLAM, THIS WORLD IS A TRUST GIVEN TO HUMAN BEINGS BY ALLAH AND NOT TO BE MISUSED. * MANY PLANTS ARE OF RELIGIOUS VALUE TO HINDUS AND BUDDHISTS. Eg: tulsi plant. * ECOSYSTEM & BIODIVERSITY CONTRIBUTE TO THE AESTHETIC VALUE OF THE WORLD AS MANY ANIMAL & PLANT SYMBOLS ARE USED AS NATIONAL FLAG SYMBOLS AND POLITICAL PARTY SYMBOLS.Eg: MAPLE LEAF OF CANADA, LOTUS OF BJP, LION ON SRI-LANKAN FLAG,PALM TREE ON SAUDI ARABIAN SYMBOL, ETC. * INSECTS LIKE HONEYBEES, WASPS , BEETLES HELP IN POLLINATION OF PLANTS & HELP IN REPRODUCTION OF CROPS.

    * OUR EDUCATION WOULD HAVE TAKEN A BACKSEAT WITHOUT STUDY OF BIODIVERSITY. * IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF EVERY HUMAN TO PROTECT AND PRESERVE THE ENVIRONMENT AS IT HOLDS INTRINSIC VALUE.

    HOT-SPOTS OF BIODIVERSITY: * HOTSPOTS OF BIODIVERSITY ARE THOSE AREAS WHICH ARE


    RICH IN ENDEMIC SPECIES . * ACROSS THE WORLD, 18 HOTSPOTS HAVE BEEN DISCOVERED OUT OF WHICH 3 ARE IN INDIA. * THEY ARE EASTERN HIMALAYAS, WESTERN GHATS AND HILLY RANGES OF INDIA MYANMAR BORDER. * ALL THESE HOTSPOTS CONTAIN ABOUT 50,000 ENDEMIC PLANT SPECIES.

    EASTERN HIMALAYAS: * THIS AREA IS ALSO CALLED CRADLE OF SPECIATION.


    * IT HAS 9000 ENDEMIC PLANT SPECIES WHICH ALSO HAVE FLOWERING PLANTS. * NEPAL, BHUTAN AND NORTH- EASTERN STATES ARE A PART OF THIS AREA. * IT IS ALSO RICH IN RICE, BANANA, GINGER, CHILLI, SUGARCANE , ETC. * THIS REGION IS ALSO A HOME TO MANY MAMMALS, INDIAN BIRDS, ENDEMIC REPTILES AND FOUR NEW SPECIES OF FISH.

    WESTERN GHATS: * THE WESTERN GHATS IS RICH IN 1500 ENDEMIC SPECIES OF


    DICOTYLEDOUNOUS PLANTS. * IT ALSO HAS MANY SPECIES OF VERTEBRATES,AMPHIBIANS AND ENDEMIC RARE SPECIES. * NILGIRI LANGUR, FLYING SQUIRREL ARE SOME OF THE RARE SPECIES.

    HILLY RANGES OF INDIA MYANMAR BORDER


    * THIS REGION IS FAMOUS FOR ITS EVERGREEN FORESTS WHICH TOUCHES BANGLADESH, MEGHALAYA, MANIPUR, MIZORAM & NAGALAND.

    THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY:
    * MINING,OIL DRILLING, HYDROPOWER-IRRIGATION PROJECTS AND FAULTY AGRICULTURE METHODS. * SHIFTING CULTIVATION, OVERGRAZING ON GRASS, SILTATION OF RIVERBEDS. * OIL SPILLS, FLOODS, FOREST FIRES AND OTHER NATURAL DISASTERS. * HABITAT LOSS AND EXTICTION OF SPECIES. * POACHING AND HUNTING OF ANIMALS ILLEGALLY FOR THEIR SKIN,MEAT ,ETC. *URBANIZATION & DEFORESTATION LEAD TO DISTURBANCE IN BIODIVERSITY.

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