1.

The picture shows luggage which has been loaded onto a conveyor belt.

Each piece of luggage has a different mass.

Mass of A = 22 kg
(a)

(i)

mass of B = l2 kg

mass of C = 15 kg

What is the momentum of the luggage before the conveyor belt starts to move?
..........................................................................................................................
Give a reason for your answer.
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(2)

(ii)

When the conveyor belt is switched on the luggage moves with a constant speed.
Which piece of luggage A, B or C has the most momentum?
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Give a reason for your answer.
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(2)

(iii)

At one point the conveyor belt turns left. The luggage on the belt continues to move
at a constant speed.

B
A

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Does the momentum of the luggage change as it turns left with the conveyor belt?
..........................................................................................................................
Give a reason for your answer.
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(2)

(b)

Draw a circle around the unit which can be used to measure momentum.
J/s

kg m/s

Nm
(1)
(Total 7 marks)

2.

The graph shows how the distance travelled by a car changes with time during a short journey.

1800
1600
1400
1200
Distance 1000
in metres
800
600
400
200
0
0.0

(i)

0.5

1.0

1.5 2.0 2.5

Time in minutes

3.0

3.5

Describe fully the motion of the car during the first two minutes of the journey.
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(3)

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(ii)

During the last minute of the journey the velocity of the car changes although the speed
remains constant. How is this possible?
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(1)

(iii)

During the journey the car engine is 22% efficient. Explain what this statement means.
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(3)
(Total 7 marks)

3.

The lorry, the car and the motor cycle are travelling along a straight road in the direction shown.
All three vehicles are travelling at the same speed.
overhead view

(a)

Which word is used to describe the speed of an object in a particular direction?

....................................................................................................................................
(1)

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(b)

Which of the three vehicles will have the greatest momentum?

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Explain your answer
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(4)

(c)

Complete the sentences.

(i)

When a vehicle has a steady speed the frictional forces ..................................

the driving force.

(ii)

Momentum has both .................................................... and direction.

(2)
(Total 7 marks)

4.

(a)

The picture shows a golfer about to strike a stationary golf ball of mass 0.045 kg.

What is the momentum of the golf ball before it is struck.

(1)

(b)

When the golf club strikes the ball it is in contact for 0.001s and exerts a force
of 3600 N on the ball.
(i)

Write dow the equation that links change in momentum, force and time.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)

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(ii)

Calculate the velocity at which the ball leaves the club. Show clearly how you
work out your final answer.
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...........................................................................................................................
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Velocity of ball = ........................................m/s
(3)

To gain full marks in this question you should write your ideas in good English. Put them into a
sensible order and use the correct scientific words.
(c)

A modern car with a rigid passenger safety cage has zones at the front and rear which are
designed to crumple in a crash.

Use the idea of momentum to explain why crumple zones should reduce passenger
injury in a car crash.
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(3)
(Total 8 marks)

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5.

The table shows the braking distances for a car at different speeds and kinetic energy. The
braking distance is how far the car travels once the brakes have been applied.

(a)

Braking distance
in m

Speed of car in m/s

Kinetic energy of
car in kJ

10

40

16

15

90

30

20

160

46

25

250

65

30

360

A student suggests, the braking distance is directly proportional to the kinetic energy.
(i)

Draw a graph to test this suggestion.

Braking
distance
in m

Kinetic energy in kJ
(3)

(ii)

Does the graph show that the students suggestion was correct or incorrect? Give a
reason for your answer.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(iii)

State one factor, apart from speed, which would increase the cars braking distance.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)

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(b)

In an experiment at an accident research laboratory, a car moving at 14 m/s is made to

collide with a brick wall. On impact the dummy inside the car moves forward. Its head
hits the dashboard and stops.

(i)

Write down the equation that links mass, momentum and velocity.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii)

Calculate the momentum of the dummys head just before impact. Take the mass of
the head to be 8 kg. Show clearly how you get your answer.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
momentum of dummys head =............................ kg m/s
(1)

(iii)

Write down the equation that links change in momentum, force and time.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(iv)

The impact between the head and dashboard lasts 0.008 s.

Calculate the impact force between the head and dashboard. Show clearly how you
get your answer.
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...........................................................................................................................
impact force = ..................... N
(1)

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(c)

Most new cars are fitted with a drivers airbag. These are like large cushions, designed to
inflate when the car is in a severe collision. In a test, an airbag deflates slowly when hit
by the dummys head.

Use the idea of momentum to explain why an airbag should reduce the risk of a serious
head injury.
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(3)
(Total 12 marks)

Heckmondwike Grammar School