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CONTENTS
LUCKY ISSUE 13 VOLUMES NUMBERS FEBRUARY/MARCH 1996

COMMODORE "SATUHeS

14 HTML and the World Wide Web by Katkeme Nelson

WORLD
THE HEWS MflQAZIHE TOE! COMUODOXtEfci A 128 USERS 20
Part 2 of a series <>n learning to program in HTML
Hardware Collectables tyjim Brain
Commodore's LCD-64 that almost vuim- to market.
General Manager 22 Intelligence Quest by Doug Cotton
Charles R. Christianson Test your I.Q. with this strategy game.
♦
26 Run64 by Dims Cotton
Editor
Launch M programsfrom 128 made on a C-12H,
Doug Cotton
♦
42 Interview With Nick Rossi by Gaelyne a. Morwec
A elmt with the creator of'Novaienn.
Assistant Editor
Jenifer Esile
♦ Reviews
Advertising Saies 34 GAMES by Sherry Freedline
Charles A. Christiansen
Gryphon, The Honeymooners. Apache Strike and Gauntlet II.
(413)525-0023
38 Hardware: geoKeys by Hour Cotton
♦
The German product thai lets you hunk up a PC keyboard for use with GFMS.
Photography
Wayne Wrubel
♦
Graphic Arts Columns
Doug, ColIon 10 Dust For Starters by sieve v,,ntierArk
Jenifer Esile What turns n user into «rt expert?
♦ 12 Foreign Exchange by Joseph Gaudl
Electbonic Pre-Pres5 & Printing A look at ihe German GEOS CU.

Manslr/Holdea, Inc. 30 Graphic Interpretation by Sieve

♦ Getting organized is easy with GF.OS.
Cover Design by Jenifer Esilr 32 The SrSop's Corner by Mm Cottrei
Making the right modem connection,
Commodore'" and trie respective Commofloro product names
are trademarks or registered trademarks ol Escom GmbH
Commodore World 15 in no way aflihated with Escom GmbH ,
39 Carrier Detect by Gaelyne n. Moranec
owner ol (ho CoirimoOoro logo find technology Commodore Exploring Novaienn 9.0
World is puDiishefl 8 limes annually by Creative Micro Designs,
Inc.. 15 Senton Dnve. Easl Longmeadow MA 01028-0646.
46 GEOPROGRAM HIST by Maurice Randall
Second-Class Postage Paid at East Longmeadow MA. Annual Some lips on using ReutlByle.
subscription rale is US$29.95 lor U S addresses. USS35.95
lor Canada or Menco. USSJS.9S lor all EC Countries, ana 49 Basic Instincts by David Fankhum
USS57 95 10 all other addresses worldwide. All subscription Some BASIC history aitls u peek at what's ahead.
payments musl be provided in US Dollars. Mail subscriptions
(o CW Subscriptions, to Creative Micro Designs. Inc r P O 50 Peripheral Vision by Jim Butierjwd
Box 646. Easl Longmeadow MA 01028-0646.
The Datasette connection.
Entire content., c:o[>..Tir,lit 1995 by Creative Micro
Designs, Inc., unless otherwise noted. No par! at this 52 Assemble Line by Jim Butierfield
publication may be primed or otherwise reproduced by any
Organizing your program storage, and gelling input
means without pnor wniten consent from the publisher. All
prog'ams published in this publication are lor the personal use
ol the reader, and may nol be copied of in any way distributed
All rights reserved. Programming examples and routines in this
issue whfth are presented for educational purposes may be
Departments
used in (ho creation ol prog rams by (ho purchaser of this of This 2 Fbom the Editoo 56 Classified Ads
magizma. provided credit lor trie rouiinqs is cleany prosenled
4 Con no DO BE TraviA 56 Advertiser's Index
In eCtisr Tho program documentation, or me program itself
Creative Micro Designs, me . assumes no responsibility for 6 On The Horizon See Our NEW
errors or omissions in editorial, program 11 sings or advertising
contenl. Creative Micro Designs. Inc. assumes no liability for CHECKSUM
advertisers claims or reliability.
Utility
postmaster Send address changes In. CW Address
Changes, cto Creative Micro Designs. Ine ,P O.Bot 646. East On Page 54
Longmoadow MA 01028-0646
From The Editor

VUELCDME TO LUCKY I! UE 13!

T T
m m ere we are, we ve finally I low about a game? A type-in game? Okay, we've finally
»""^^^W arrived at Lucky Issue bowed lo the requests from our readers for more type-in
m m 13. And as you can programs. I can't say how regularly we'll do so, but this
m m probably sen from our issue carries a couple, intelligence Quest is the garni' 1
.^L. ,,JL from cover, we even mentioned, and it's a relatively simple one. ISASIC
made it through the programmers who want to write their own games should
much heralded'Blizzard find thisone lobe agoodexampleofw hat can be done, and
of 9li.' Though we are still lookiii" for tile owner of thai how to incorporate soundand graphics to make game play
hand. I Immm... now that I think of it, i haven't seen our aliiilemorefun.
Assistant Editor lately... but I digress. Another type-in is our 128 utility for loading C-64
Whilewe weigh the fact that there are no thirteenth 800rs programs. It's been done before? Yeah, but not like this!
in buildings against the UN I'S\ requirement that OUT issues The version wedeliverhereworks with most ofthe different
remain sequentially numbered, we can't help butfeel as ifwe Kernal ROM modifications oul there, including systems
are perhaps caught in the middle of it all, Bul instead ol cunning on RAMLjnk. It's a good take on this subject, and
worrying about it toomuch,we'veop ted to add that "Lucky" includes both a BASIC loader and Assembly Language
bit at the beginning—and hope for the best. source.

Putt ing our superstitions aside, we've gut a pretty good And while I'm talking about type-in programs, please
line-up this issue. We're continuing our HTML tutorial, ol note that we've changed from our old Check-Lisi program,
course, which isgettingdeeperinto what this Web-slinging and are now using Checksum. Those of you familiar with
script language can do. It has been our intention from the the old RUN magazine will recognize this til ilily (though
conception ol this series io leach the language as well as we've made a couple of cosmetic changes lo it). CM!)
possible within the limitations of space we have in a obtained ihe rights to Checksum back when we bought
magazine (versusa book). Commodore uscrscan. after ail. out IDG's TechMedia division, which held the righls to all
create prettymuchanyafthewebpages that other machines the RUN programs and articles.
can. For that reason, we haven't limited our view of the By now. many of you are aware that Nick Uossi is going
language to just those elements that are used in create commercial with the next release of N'ovalerm. lie sure to
pages that viewable with a text browser (which is what check out the interview with Nick, then check out Carrier
Commodore users on the web are limited to at this point). Delect for even more details on the new version.
What we failed to do (and didn't realize until we'd had a This issue also marks the first appearance of David
good tongue-lashing) is point out what HTML features Pankhurst at the healm of BASIC Instincts. David has
you might not want to use if you have a desire lo create written for CW before, of course, but now you'll get lo see
pages fortext viewing. In addition, there are also some nice him regularly.
tips that can be used when creating Iexl-browsable pages. I )fcourse, there's much, much more in this issue, bul I 'd
Luckily, Gaelyne Moranec lias gleefully agreed to bail us hate to keep you from it any longer. Enjoy the issue, and be
out. and has supplied us with some sidebars to describe sure to drop us a line to let us know how we're doing!
these.
Movingonjim Brain isbackin this issue with an article
about one of those Commodore computers that never
came lo be: The never-re leased Ll'l)-(i4. It's a shame
Commodore didn't realize the potential this computer
had at [he point in time that it was due to be released. Well,
we've never given Commodore's marketing team any gold
stars, and they probably would have wiped out any such Doug Cotton
awards with their decision not io market this product. Editor

Lucky Issue 13
 LOADSTAR SOFTWARE VALUES!

The Compleat* Series Other Products

Compleat PRINT SHOP I; (The Prim Shop by BroderbunrJ or | GSOpOWer TOOlS is Gms umOaa-. Cale^flar Pnmei. Fasl FatmiM. Goo Foich (grab
Pnnlmasler required! Over 1300 ariislH; and never before published PRINT SHOP < nny portion ol a scfean fis a Photo Scrap). Phoem* (rosurrocl a ErriBhconngd' '■■> Pfoorammpr's
The smart, f-isi sohwflro package mdudnd allows you (0 i Cntculnlnr «io just a 'o* o' Ino hantjy tools Side Two is lillM with Clip An (in Photo Aftium formal)
quickly scan tfuough thd mnny PRINT SHOP images \ana tonl! E9 05 IC-WI2S) Hem "080525
sequentially, by name, or by group number Press a key and
save Ihg grnpluc you want m 2-D lock, 3-block and even
FRINTMASTER griiph c Wos1 API lhat plus a primed guide lo g LOADSTAR'S awn music-making pfogiam Wilh this tiotuxu music
your new sea ol Graphic lilos And il you like the lirst edilOf'playor you can easily transcribe music 'rom sheet music or make up your own tunes
volume. you'JI probably want lo gel your hands on The Songsmitli cornea with a slick 30-page manual and a jukebox prayer milh elgfit tunes 59 95
Compleal PRINT SHOP IT, wh:ch alsoccntams over 1300
PRINT SHOP images, previously published on LOADSTAR
issues over the pasl ton years Included is the same smart, | Game Star #1 Eight games [iom LOADSTAR P70-«100) The Tenement. Stack 'Em. The
fas! software package included in Tho Compleal PRtNT Sherwood Open, Gems. Stealth Somber. Eagle Eyes. Moonraker S Circuitry S3 95
SHOP I Each volumo 15 S30 00

iJUSt rOT rUn - Eifjlit onnmril games There are arcads gamus. ecluCEillonnl flJimos,
TnG L-Omplcrit PrOCjrSmmGn Bncoma fho Commodore programmer ■ punio g^rTies anu |ust games dial me jusl plain (un on this disk. $9 95
VOu'VO BrWHtyl wnntod lo bol Megabytes of knowledge qr.unrued and Gulfed oma night 5 25-
Inch disks or lwo 1501 diakfll Plun wo Include nil tho tools. oxionsions, languages, assomblars,
tutorials nnrj utilities you" need to create tha sarno typif of soitwjlra you son on LOADSTARI I rOUT-l^our original yamns A hugo mii^o gimo. tnuia gome, sulltalrit nnd n space
This nsnssive colloction Is way over iwo maaabyics of Insiructiongl icxt Jind valuable laols | shoot 'em up ~ oil runiuiblu Irom a menu. £9.95
S20 00. For SS more, got C^- Hacking MAG, not available separately, to complete yuur
programming sat. p -lr> the early oays ot science, 'spoil' meant "mutant." This is a full novel on C-64 dJSk
| by author, Jeff Jones, aboul a murderous neo-human Over 500 terrifying pages. Automatic
The COmpleat MaiiriCC: .... /tafre card gamus written by cresenlation software included Printing capability. Bookmarks Wamrng'This is
MnuricB Jonos, Ino Jicknowlodrjod maslerol card game simulations lor theC-edi'128. There's '1 '"'''' '''lv<1' 'v:lh strong content Irank tanggagn violence and adull situations IT
even a brand new. navgt before published game called Boomerang Two 5 25 inch disks or lltiQ tiniid-hitimg action of real scr-ii/horror novels turns your glcimach, ploaso
ono 3 5 inch disk £20 00 postage paid' don'l buy this book Musi tie IB I CMO HD Bisk . 2 3 S-inch disks oi 3 5 25-ineh disks J5 55
$1.00 Sh.pplng.

The DclVei Two 1EB1 disks o« irwea 1541 disks crammed with SID
music Over 250 classic melodies from yusteryrjar. <iir;inge[J and transenbod by (he Master ol p ■ eo-columnmord processor and iOoh processor lor the
Musjc. Dave Marquis, and now doy'fo available in one gigantic 6-hour coFlaciion II you enjoy C-12B These two programs aie logelher on one disk, n comes with aaetaiJed 32-pogo manual
S10 music, you owe il lo yourself lo gat THE COMPLEAT DAVE. Two 15&1 disks or ihree S9 95 (C-I2B only) Item B069J21
15^1 CiSVs S20 00 postage paid1
Best Of Loadstar Compilations: loadstar is over n years young! we
The Walt: Ten years of Waft Harneds have 5 anthology disks thai taVe you through Lhe evolution ot LOADSTAR. Prom humble
shdeshows and mullimeOm evenly gathered inlo one huge collection: beginnings lo Iha well-oiled machine weVa become fi you want to hop on a Time machine and go
Seven 5.25-mch disks or Hnae 35 inch disks! Over 250 p:c(jresb back. slaM wild The Best Ot LOADSTAR «5 and move your way back to The Bail Of
including Gome lhat have never been published The greatest on( | LOADSTAR *1. E.ichollhe 136 back issues are availabc lor purchase with discounts on largo
mai ccHlocTion of an or1 nny CLjmputnr platform1 $20 00 postage paid1 orders 'or you collectors out [bore Be5t 01 LOADSTAR oists are availnblo on S 25-mch drsks only
CM disk $9 95.

The Compleat Roger: 25 uducnlicnal quiz programs

each carefully cralted by Hugor Notion, nn oDucator who uses C-645. Those programs comrj
■ Database of users' groups Tor the 80-co[umn C-12B This ir. n last,
CfflrnmBtl On IrtO &25'tncfi 15*11 diskaorone 1501 disk. $20 00 postage paid1
powerful database program tor handling addresses and mailing labels (includes barcode printing}
The disk also has a tiId oI avor 600 users'groups addresses 34 95 (C-ia8onty)
' No, we didn't misspelt "complelc." Compleal Is (he Ten dollar spelling of complete.

LOADSTAR Is a monlhly "magazine on disk' for the Commodore S4/I2B. Subscribers receive two 1541 disks (or one 15B1 disk) In their mailbox every
month filled with nows, articles nnd programs. These non-PD, high-qunlily programs ore written by the best homo-based programmers in Iho field and edited by
the crack LOADSTAR lenm of Fender Tucker and Jeff Jones. Subscription prices nro ni fin nll-tlmc tow of S69.95 lor a 12-month subscription, or S19.95 for n
three-month subscription. Vou may nlso elect to subscribe "by the month," where wo chnrgo yourcroifll enrd S7.95 for each Issue after It's shipped.

Loadstar Products Order form 1-800-594-3370

|Quantity Description Price ltem# Total Qty Description Price ltem# Total
JMnotllh LOADSTAR Mihscriplion ? i y.VJ na TOTAL FROM LKKI (OLUM!
.1-yearsubscription lo LOADSTAR S69.95 na Songsmilh S9.95 (Ks1^
Month In mimlli (l"S7.95 $7.95/mo IK! Best Of LOADSTAR #3 S9.95 04')525
Ganplcal Prinl Shop I on 5.25-inch S20.00 00CWD5 Iks! Or LOADSTAR #4 S9.95 049425
. Comj)lc;il 1'riiil Simp I on 3.5-inch
S^U.OO 0001D3 Bcm Of LOADSTAR #3 S9.95 049325
_Compleal Print Shop II un 5.25-inch S20.00 0010D5 Bcsi Or LOADSTAR #2 S9.9S 049225
Xompleoi Print Siwp II on 3.5-inch S20.00 000 "TO Best Of LOADSTARS S9.95 049125
Compleat Proiinuniiicr on 5.25-incb S20.00 nO05D5 MuMcrkts.; 54.9? 081025
_Complc;it Programmer on 3.5-inch s2n.n0 0005 D.I
_] lacking mag 3.5-inch only S5.00 O(IO6D3 SUBTOTAL
.Compleal Mtiurice 5.25-inch ■>2i).on O0O7D5 Louisiana RL'sidcms ,ni r. sales tux
Corapleal Maurice 3.5-inch (20.00 Mii|ij)iti!" $5.SI)i rase >*ll]|lpL!l>>L!nHl>Sl.\l(

_Compleat Dave 5J5-inch S20.00 070525 »LitiitlT<ii'rnNT ,uiy |Tl*llM iR'llUil i [irilotod

Compleal Dave 3.5-inch $20.00 07052.1

.Compleat W:ilt 5,25-inch $20.00 070425
Total Enclosed:
mpleal Wiik .1.5-inch $20.00 07042? 'jiymenl method:
Compleal Roger 5.25-inch $20.00 0004D5 G Check/money order made payable to "Softdisk Publishing" in US Funds :
_Compleai Roger .15-inch $20.00 0004D.1
J MnsieiCard G Vhii G American Express G Discover
_Geopower Tools $9.95 080525
Card n
Game Star #1 $9.95 0S0K25
[ v|'U.!iti>ti Dntc L— L. _ .
Jlisl Tor Fun $9.95 073525
Auihorizcd signature:
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Sport 3.25-inch $5.95 070.125 iubscribcrs: I prefer G 5.25-itich diskettes Q 3.5-inch diskettes
.Spun 3.5-inch S5.95 0703^3 Mai] or Fax to:
Sport CMD Higb Density S5.95 070327 Suftdisk Publishing
P.O. Box 30008. Shrevcport, LA 71130-0008
TOTAL FROM THIS COLUMN Questions: O 1-318-221-871S O Orders 1-8IKI-594-3.V70

February/March 1996 CQMMDDDRE WORLD

Commodore Trivia
hf 9it

Welcome to another edition of Commodore lliat my name and address appear somewhere
Trivia. As many of you may know, these trivia so users can contact me. The trivia is also used Jim Brain
questions and answers have been donated by fora contest 1 run on the Internet; contact meat
Brain Innovations, Inc.
me to the Commodore community at large. the included address for more information.
602 North Lemen
Unlike Other articles in Commodore World, Because curiosity has the best of me, I always
these trivia questions have been placed in the welcome a note or postcard detailing where the Fenton, Ml 48430
public domain. I ask only that the trivia trivia goes. I also welcome new questions— brain@mail.msen.com
questions remain intact and unchanged, and provided they come with the answers. Enjoyl

COMMODORE TRIVIA #12 QUESTIONS

SOBO What will happen if you type ?"V0 into tin- CBM BASIC SONS) Mow many characters can be present in a standard
interpreter on ihu PUT series, the 64series,orthe 128 series? Commodore DOS filename?

$()lil In the firs! CBM 64 units, what color was the screen color $0BA I low many pins does a 6502 IC have on il?
RAM changed to when you cleared the screen?
$OBB ! low many pins does the standard EEEE-488 connector have
%{)\)2 Wlty was il changed in later versions of the 64? on it?

$0B3 Whfll is "special" about the text that displays the "illegal $0BC On the IBEE-488 bus, what does the following acronym lor
quantity error" in CBM BASIC? pin 7: NRl-'D, stand for?

$0B4 On what Commodore machine was the operating system $0BD On the NMOS 6502, what is the ML opcode for SED, and
OS/9 available? what does this opcode do?

$0B5 Which Commodore machlne(s) docs not have a user port? JOBE Assuming that a PET computer and a non-PET computer
have access to a common disk drive or tape drive, there are
$OUt) Howmanypinsare there in a Commodore Serial Connector? two ways to loada PET BASIC program on the non PET CBM
computer. Name them,
S0B7 There are 13 addressing modes available on the 6502. Name
them. SOBF Only one of the ways detailed in JOBE works the other way
around. Which one?
SOBS II you were to put one large sequential file onto an 8OS0 disk
drive, how big could that file lie?

COMMODORE TRIVIA #11 ANSWERS

$0A0 Thel700(128kB),thel764(256kB),andthel750(512kB), I lowever, I had many people relate other bugs (2 and 3),
The L700andthe L750weremarketedforthe I28,whilethe which I haven't been able to lest, so I add them as
1764 was marketed for the 64 line. possibilities. (1 encourage readers to confirm or deny the
latter two.)
S0A1 The only one I have documented in front of me is the
tinier B interrupt bug, which is explained in the "Toward 1) If timer B of the 6526 CIA times out at about the same
2400" article by Cieorge Hug in Transactor 9.3. (1) time as a read of the interrupt register, the timer II Hag

COMMODORE WORLD Lucky Issue 13

 may not be set al all, and no interrupt will occur if timer For completeness, the "intra-record" gap (the one
B interrupts were turned on. between the two copies of the data) consists of 50+ short
pulses, each of which is 352us in length, giving a liming
2) WhenthehouronlheTODdockisl2,theAM/PMiiiusl of .017(is+. This lime was used to copy important data to
be reversed from its normal setting to set/reset liic AM/ safe locations, reset pointers, and do error logging. The
PM Hag. entire "record" is recorded in 5.7 seconds.

3) The TOD clock sometimes generates double interrupts $0AB $ 1 eOO, or 7680
for alarm trigger.
SOAC lO(LSHIFF-O)
$0A2 I was looking for the B series computers, whidi contains
theBcomputers(B128,B256),aswellaathe600seriesand $()AD II (I.SIIIFM)
the 7(10 series. These computers could be fitted with an
optional 8088 processor on a separate card. However, $0AE ScOOO, or 49152
another correct answer is the Amiga, which can have a
8088 attached via an expansion card or a SideCar(tm) unit. $0AF The text "CBMRASlC'is stored there. It is strange because
this text is not referenced by any routine. It can also be
$0A3 2840.809HZ, and 1488.095IIz. These called strange because the code is Microsoft's. Doesn't it
correspond to waveforms with periods: 512us, 352us, and make you wonder?
U72us, respectively.

$0A4 The tones recorded on the Plus/4-Clti are exactly one-half

the frequencies shown above. Thissuggests to many that the
Plus/4 and C16 were supposed to run al twice its present
frequency, but were downgraded at the last-minute, and the
code to generate the tones was not updated to reflect the
change. This is just hearsay, so you decide for yourself.
1NTERC0RP COMMUNICATION PTOSSIltS
S0A5 It sets the raster compare interrupt lo go off at scan line csoft Wans)
311. If the interrupt occurs, we are on a PAL system, since {As Seen on Many BBS's}
NTSC will never get to line 311 (NTSC only has 262.5 lines Digi«->Dll vt.|
per frame, every other frame shifted down a bit to create a SEQ.nii reader mat will raad tut as well as artand supperts drive'
525 lines). 8-11 Jt aisa has many Digi-siunds which are very entertaining.
S7.II + S?IIS*H
$0A6 $00, or 00
to alyaur Favirrn Canian Dlgl samples in mi disk .wrtti a very eas
$0A7 The program counter gets saved high byte first, then the ta use Menu System fir loading and playing.
processor status flags gel saved. Great Fir the Kids! $3.10 ♦ $2.89 SsH
Sendirdersts
$0A8 $01()0to$01FF lntercarpCammunicatiintoaPfflignve/Bmlacjil.41342
Alaska JiawtU Intirnattinal add $1.11 ta Sth
$0A9 The overflow flag: V, However, the V flag can be set via an
external pin on some members of the (ifiXX line. The 1541
uses this as an ingenious synchronization tool.

$0AA Some terminology: "inter" means "between". Most

everyone knows that a tape block is recorded twice on the
/AMIGA \
tape, but Commodore considers the two copies and the & Repairs • Upgrades • Sales
gap between them a single "record". Thus, this question Factory Trained Techs • Flat Kate +■ parts • 90 Day Warranty
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Note: on the first version of PET BASIC, the gap was too
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files.

February/March 1996 COMMODORE WORLD

 and Computer Industry Nr.ws

CMD SuperCPU Update some very fast routines, and achieved a frame rate of between 12 and 13
Ward is thai tilings are moving smoothly, and CMD appears to be on frames per second on a stock machine. Without any optimization, the
schedule for release of the .SuperCPU (>4 20 \\\h accelerator, slated W demo turned in a rale ofapproximately 128 frames per second using the
release sometime in April ofthis year. The Initial hardware prototype has SuperCI'U. CMD says that an optimized version could probably achieve
now undergone preliminary testing stages, and CMD is proceeding with 201) frames per second or more.
circuit board and case design phases of the project.
CMD has also announced a preliminary price of$299 for the SuperCPU
128, slatedfor delivery in the third quarter ofthis year. Deposits of$50 for GEnie Sold, Price Restructuring Announced
this version are currently being accepted which guarantees the depositor a Wiih a Hurry ofpress releases, new management at GeniclformerlyGrnit1)
first-run unit at a price no higher than the preliminary announced price. recently shocked subscribers with an immediate price restructuring plan
Also note that CMD will transfer deposits for the (>■! version to the 128 that favors those who make heavier use of Ihe system—and punishes those
version, but urges anyone wishing to do this to inform them quickly to who da not.
avoid being shipped a t>4 version. Genie has housed the largest Commodore 64/128 support library ever
Some additional information concerning the SuperCPU til has been since thedeniiscnfQ.-I.ink. Because of this, and because CMD andCW have
provided by CMD, including some results ofinitial tests. maintained a regular support area on Genie for several years, we feel
First, many users have asked about using a SuperCI'U (i<l on a C-128 obligated E0 publish the lull range of releases—even though this will take
computer in (54 mode. CMD has staled from the beginning that this the majority of our news column lor ihis issue (it was a slow news month,
configuration would work, and testing ofthe prototype has confirmed thai anyway). We do this so llial users can judge for themselves the meril of the
it does. Next. CMD had initially stated that extra HAM for the SuperCI'U changes taking place.
might be usable as a fast disk. Some users have speculated that this would 1 do wish to point out that CMD and CW will continue to provide and
then supersede RAMLink. Such an option would not fully supersede mainlainsuppori areas on Genie until such lime asilisno longer reasonable
KAMLiuk, however, since the SuperCi'U HAM would lack the power to do so. Only lime will lelliflhe new priceslructure will negatively impact
backup to retain such memory when the computer is off. furthermore, the Commodore community there to the point that we no longer find il a
CMD has decided not topursue the fast disk option, citing that the required viable avenue for providing support.
development lime would not be available in the near future. Wilhoul farther ado, here arc the press releases:
As for some ofthe lest results. CMD has run some early experiments lo
test the compatibility ofthe unit, and to get some rough estimates ofthe Genie Price Restructuring Announced
amount ofspeed enhancement thai could be achieved. One simple HASH The new Genie is here... and you can throw any concept you've had about
FGR/NEXT loop executed over 21 times faster than on a slock system. "value" oul the window because we're about to redefine il for you!
CMD explains i hat while the CPU runs only 20 times faster, it can achieve Deane value, OK. I low about unlimited 24 hour-a-day access to the
higher rates oi efficiency by using reduced memory mirroring and due to interne! for one Oat price??? I low about surfing the Worldwide Web or
not having to be interrupted by the VIC (the VIC gets its data from HAM posting lo Usenet newsgroups anytime night or day without having to
inside the computer). watch dial billing clock?
CMD iesled a number of commercial games as well, and found thai The new Genie is bringing you thai and more! Here's the scoop...
many ofthemranat normal speed with the accelerator set for 20 MHz. This As ofFebruary 1,1996forjust$29amonthyoucangeturuimitedSUP/
is obviously attributable to interrupl-based event-timing used by game I'l'P connections in '17 stales! Plus, when you subscribe lo Genie Internet
programmers. Service you'll pay no monthly subscription fee for regular Genie Services!
Operation of Commodore REUs with the SuperCI'U al high speed has What's more, when you accessyour regular Genie Online Servicesaccount,
also been confirmed. Commodore's RED demo programs (the gloiw and the hourly charges are only $2.75 per hour!! Finally (no, we're not done
pound sign demos) ran blazinglyfast.CMD also ran timing tests on a new yet), the surcharge for weekday access during Business Hours will be
demo that is currently making its way around Commodore circles, called reduced from S2 per hour to only $1!!!!!
Polygon a my. The demo rolates .i-dimensional objects in real-lime using ...continued on page 8

COMMODORE WORLD 6 Lucky Issue 13

 PERFECT TAX
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February/March 1996 COMMODORE WORLD

 Commodore and Compuikr Industry News

...continuedjrompageS being written,! . More

Subscribing to Genie Internet Service lias other benefits yet to come. details to come as service becomes available.
Genie will be moving lo the Internet over llie coming months. Your Genie
Internet Services subscription will getyou reduced rates and, in some cases, A Letter From The President
FREKaccesslo our new Internet-based services. We'll it'll you more aboul Dear Subscriber;
these services and benefits as soon as we can. 1 regret il our unexpected price restructuring caused anyone contusion.

Ofcour.se, if you don't want unlimited access to the Information By the time you're done reading this message I sincerely hope that you'll
Superhighway, ifyou want to be left in everyone's technological dust, we've have a clearer understanding of our vision for and commitment lo the
still got ways for you to save! future ofGenie.
Starting February 1,1996 we're giving you MORE FREE HOURS... I-'IYT We have no intention of hanging Genie out to dry or allowing it to
more hours for a totalofNINE every monthl And we've lowered the charge become any more obsolete than it had before we arrived on the scene. We
for additions] hours to only $2.75!!! Plus we've reduced the weekday agree with the comments many ofyou have made. Genie is a great service.
Business I lours surcharge to only $ 1 per hour. All this for ihe low monthly In fact, some aspects of our service are uuecjualed anywhere else in the on
charge of $23.95! line services industry. We recognize, though, (and we hope you do, too)
Oops... did we say $23,957 That's what new Genie subscribers will pay. that the only way lo survive is to dramatically improve our infrastructure
But for all ofour existing members, we'reeven reducing that to only $18.95 and plunge head-lirst into the 21st century.
a month!!! And the reduced rate of$18.95 will be good for as long as you For our members who use Genie frequently, this price structure will
keep your Genie Online Services accountl result in savings. Just do the math. Genie members who access the service
How's THAT for defining value?!?! More FREE hours! Unlimited for as little as 5 hours a month are saving money. Here's an example:
Internet Access! Reduced weekday Business Hours rates! We're excited
about the new Genie, and we're sure you will be. too!!! Old Plan: (i hours of usage New Plan: ti hours of usage
PS -To subscribe lo Genie IniorneiServicesand get unlimited SLIP/PPP ■1 hours = 8.95 9 hours =18.95
access for only $29 a month, either call Genie Clieni Services at 1-800-638- 2 hours x $3 - 6.00 6 hours prime time x(l.OO) = 6.00
9636 or send electronic mail to FEEDBACK. 6 hours prime time x $2.00 = 12.(11)
Total =2<i.!).r. Total = 2-1.95

New Canadian Pricing Finalized

New pricing has been finalized ibrGI;.uie's Canadian;subscribers. Effective This first example assumes thai your 6 hours will be used during prime
February 1,1996 all charges from Genie will be made in U.S. Dollars at the time. I realize that isn't the case lor many ofyou, so nowlet's eliminate the
same rales charged to U.S. subscribers. Those rates are: prime timeusage from the equation. Your savings will be slightly delayed,
but you would still start saving a! just over 7 hours of use a month. Here's
New Subscriber: $23.95 Monthly subscription + !l hours conned time another example;
2.75 Charge per hour after 9 basic hours
1.1)0 Surcharge per daytime "prime time" hour Old Plan: 8 hours of usage New Plan: 8 hours of usage
3.75 Surcharge per hour for Datapac access 4 hours = 8.95 8 hours (1 hour left over) = 18.95
4 hours x $3 = 12.00
Current Subscriber: SI 8.95 Monthly subscription + SI hours connect time Total =20.95 Total o 18.95
2.75 Charge per hour alter 9 basic hours
1.00 Surcharge per daytime "prime time" hour Any individual who usesGenle more than 5 hours a month during prime
3.75 Surcharge per hour for Datapac access time, or just over 7 hours in non-prime time, will save under the new rate
structure. This is the most important part of my message. We expect new
Plus... capabilities. We expect faster access. We expect better games and
Coming soon to a Province near you ...direct, unrestricted access lo tile entertainment services. We expect more reliable service and connections.
Interne! for one Ion monthly lee. Our Internet provider is now, as this is With these expectations comes the realization that our members will want

COMMODORE WonL_O 8 Lucky Issue 13

to spend more time on-line, too. We are firmly committed to providing charged loyour designated melhod ofpayment somelimeaf'ler thejauuary
these capabilities to OUT loyal customers at a price which makes lliem more leesand usage have been charged. This means you will see two charges from
affordable than our old price. Genie to your designated method of payment in February.
There is much more in More for Genie users. It is extremely difficult for In the future your subscription lee will be posted to your Genie account
an on-line service togrow and provide the best for their customers withou! bythefirsl ol [hemonth.lt will be billed, combined with any usage or other
offering full, graphical access lo the hottest topic of the decade. The fees from the previous month, lo your designated method of payment in
INTERNET. But notjust access, complete and total access. Access to every that same month.
aspect and every area of Information the Internet has lo offer. We are Specifically, your March fee will be posled lo your Genie account by
offering our customers, both old and new. the ability to access the full March 1. Within 1-3 weeks it will be posled to your designated method of
Internet without any restrictions or limitations whatsoever. payment and combined with any usage charges or other fees which may
And our GenieNet service gives you true SI,IP/PPP connections. Unlike have been posted to your Genie account during February. After March we
other Internet services, we fully support applications such as RealAudio. will continue the policy ofchargingyourdesignatedmethod ofpayment for
WebPhone, and lull mpeg video. You'll also get the best, fastest, and most the current month's subscription fee combined with any additional usage
user-Men dly software availa hie to navigate the Worldwide Web...Netscape or tees from the previous month.
ofcourse. You'll he accessing the Internet through a different network than
your regular Genie access, and nearly every line of the Internet access * Subscription fee is only $18.fl,r> for members who initiated their Genie
network oilers connection speeds up lo 28.8 kbps. subscription prior lo i'eliruary I. 1996
You'll have a worldwide E-mail address lo send unlimited e-mail and
unrestricted access to over 14,000 newsgroups and BBS's through Usenet. Additional Changes effective March 1,1936:
YougetnT^iOI'llF.H.AIinilK.WAlS.V^RONICA.nNGEK, PING, IRC Effective March 1,19%, Genie will Implement a $10 processing fee for
chat lines, as well as full access lo the WORLDWIDE WEB, Plus you'll get Insufficient l;undsand0verlhe 1.imilrelurns from your method ofpayment.
storage space. Lots ofstorage space. Up toH megabytes of storage space on Ifyou have any questionsabout these changes, pleaseeaU Genie customer
our servers. Absolutely FREE. Plusyou can put upyour own complete VVLB service at 1-800-638-9636.
SITE or just a simple home page.
All this, a solid network, the very besl WWW browser for free, loads of t>
capabilities on tlie Internet ...plus the added benefit of having access to tin1
finest gamingand the best RoundTablesany on-line service couMofier. All
for a fiat rate of $29.00. The GenieNet account gives you the best of both
worlds. Unlimited, unrestricted access to the internet at 529.00, and your
monthly fee to access Genie is eliminated.
You pay only for the timeyou actually use... at the newly reduced rate of
$2.75 per hour (and reduced prime lime surcharge if you access during IE X P A N D
weekday business hours). Tliispoiver package will blow away any hilernel
access you may have on any other service.
[trust I've done a betterjob ofexplaining the situation, andthatyou now
Y O U R S Y S T IE M
understand the direction we're headed We'd like you to stay a pan of us, =3 5Ldt czAm-ninGE port expanders

and ! hope you'll give our Internet access a try. too. There is no set-up fee.
The EX2+1 and EX3 Cartridge Port Expanders bring new
no connection charge, and no contractual obligation. The Netscapesoftware
expandability to you Commodore 64 or 128. Combine the
is yours lo keep. We believe you should have had these capabilities a long
use of compatible cartridges. Disable cartridges not in use.
lime ago, and we're going lo do our besl to keep bringingyou opportunities
Change the address your computer finds a cartridge at.
from the culling edge.
Thankyou again foryour loyal supporl ofGenie. Besure toenjoy the new Avoid the constant changing of cartridges that puts extra
and always improving GenieNei! wear on your cartridge port. The EX3 offers 3 vertical
expansion slots, while the EX2+1 provides 2 vertical slots
Sincerely, and 1 horizontal slot. Both units offer 7 switchable signals
Geoffrey Uoclnvarger. I'residcni per slot, address mapping on slot 2, and a reset button.
Yovelle Renaissance Corporation

Important Notice About Changes in Billing

Procedures!
Genie is changing the way it bills you for monthly fees and usage charges.
In the past, your monthly subscription fee and any extra timeyou used has
been charged lo your designated method ot payment in the following
month.
In February your designated method ofpayment w ill becharged foryour
January subscription fee and any usage or other fees you incurred during $29.95 $39.95
January.These charges will be posted to your desolated methodofpayment
Creative Micro Designs, Inc., P.O. Box 646, East Longmeadow MA 01028
around February 17th. Your February subscription fee of$23.95* will lie

February/March 1996 9 COMMODORE WORLD

 Just For Starters
Steve Vattd&i Alk

THE WINDOWS 95 CONNECTION

I spenl two hours today messing around with have lo offer people? Why do I write columns
Windows 95. I don't know il you've had a about computer subjects? Why do I get called
chance to try this blest behemothofa program upon to fix a program thai won't run? What is it
from tin- World's Mightiest Software that 1 know that serves me in those situations?
Company. II you haven't, you really should try The answer is not immense knowledge or a
il sometime. Basically, it's GEOS "all grown genius for computer code. What il is, really, is a
up", by which I mean that il flGts an awful lot specialized kind of common sense (that I have
like GEOS for the IBM/PC, which in turn acts no name for) but which makes all the difference
iin awfiil lot like GEOS lor the Commodore. in the world when you plop yourself down in
True, each incarnation of ihe program adds ;i front of a keyboard.
heck ofa lot more power and features, but deep This kind of common sense is what makes a
down, they all have the same heart. When you computer user into an expert; a student into a
start using them, you can leel ii and understand teacher. It means that you know what to expect,
it. Simply put, Windows 95 is cool. And it's how things work, and, most importantly, where
nuiit to see its heritage traced rigiit back the to find out what you don't know. So, why talk
Commodore. someone who spends a loi more time learning about that in this beginner's column? liecau.se
But in my opinion, what is even more cool is than anything else. That puts me in exactly the that kind ofcommon .sense is exactly what each
that when I finished messing around with same boat as you folks who read ibis column. of you is trying to develop as you spend lime
Windows 95, the company whose computer it We're all learning together. working on your Commodore computer. (And
was wrote me a check for my time and expertise. So.you ask, how come this company paid me don'l you think for a second thai you need a
Yes, I got paid for messing around with a to poke around in their computer, selling up Pentium to gain this kind of experience... 1
computer. Thai's pretty cool! I also get paid lor Windows 95 the way they wanted it? Were they learned most ofwhal Iknowon iheComnmdiire
writing this column, and that's cool loo. It's also trying to tap into some vast storehouse of and you'll find thai a lot of veteran computer
a little bit mind-boggling. I can hardly believe computer knowledge in my brain? I hope not, users did too.) It's the reason you know enough
thai I am considered to be an expert, or ai least otherwise they were ripped off. Did they think I to bit the return key when a program loads a
knowledgeable enough For someone to give me was a Windows 95 guru who had perhaps been fancy introduction screen and you want tOSCOOt
moneyforwhal I know. But that's what happens; one of the beta testers and who knew the past il into the game itself. It's the reason you
and quite frequently, I might add. program Inside and out? Once again, I hope not. know what to do when a program doesn't load
Now. I'm not bringing this up to proclaim to 1 have read a hook or Iwo on Windows !)f> and I properly when you type LOAD"*",8,1 ami press
the world thai ['man expert. As a matter offact, do try to keep up with the Windows 95 RETURN.
i don'l really even consider myself to be an RoundTable on Genie, bin I am no wizard with Take these first few columns, for example. I
expert, since 1 know quite a lew people who that operating system. So, what was it, then? wrote about the way that your computer talks
really are. and they know a lot more than I do. I This was what I was mulling over as I started to you and to the various gadgets you have
consider myself to bejusl a glorified beginner, planning this column. Why me? What did I hooked up toil. I mentioned error messages, I

CDMMDDDRE UUORI—O 10 Lucky Issue 13

also described something about how your mind that 1 am hoping you can build your 30 POKE 53280,7
Computer routes stuff to the correct phut; computer common sense. I'd like you to start to 40 PRINT
whether that was to your monitor screen, a feel more and more like an expert as you 50 PRINT "HOW ARE YOU?"
disk drive, or whatever. All of I hat information internalize some ofwhat your computer is doing
helps you to begin to understand what's going and understand a little better what it expects you ...can be converted to just one line like this:
on and therefore be able to figure out what to do in return.
you're supposed to do next. As you use your And who knows? Maybe in a few years you'll be 10 PRINT-HI":POKE64 6,5:POKE
computer, those underlying ideas become the one writing this column! Wail a minute, on 53280,7:PRINT:PRINT"HOW ARE
instinctive. You don't think twice about error second thought... YOU?"
messages anymore. You just use whal they tell
you to make it possible to keep working. In Back to BASIC That can free up quite a lot of space, as you
other words, you gain a little of that Common As you get more and more into programming, might imagine. The only limitations on this
sense about computers that could eventually you will find that there are a fvw utility kind of thing is that no program line can lill
make people think you're the expert. commands and procediiresyou'11 need to know. more than two lines of text on the screen, which
Companies have capitalized on the whole Before I get back into loops and input routines, on the Commodore li-l means a limit of fit)
concept of building common sense as a way to let's talk about some of these. characters.
make computers easier to use. The Macintosh First of all, you need to get comfortable with Another way to gain space is to use a GOTO
operating system. Windows, and GEOS are all the LIST command. You need it because it's command to jump the program to another line
examples of software which takes advantage of howyouget your program code to appear on the where there is enough space to create the lines
this idea. They do it by setting up a whole series screen. Ifyou write some lines to create a graphics you need. Then you just COTO back again to
of rules lor how their program works and screen like we talked about last issue, then press where you left off.
demand that anyone writing programs to go RETURN, the BASIC lines you wrote will verv As you might imagine, programs that use
with it fallow those sanu1 rules. It works extremely likely have vanished from the screen. In order to these tricks can get pretty complicated. Trying
well.Every Windows application displays;! series see them again, you need to use the LIST to follow the logic of such a program can be a
ofmenu choices across tiie top, for example, and command. You type this on a blank line, and if daunting task. And when errors appear, as they
the first one is always "file." In any of these youjust type LIST, you'll seeyour whole program almost certainly will, a program which has
programs, no matter which company created listed for you. From thereyou can cursor up in to commandsall crammed together and oddjumps
[hem, you will be able to open, close, print, or the program and make changes to your heart's off into some other corner of the program is
save your document from this menu. And the content. (The changes won't actually be saved, much harder to debug. Programmers refer to
way you do those tasks: the windows I hat open however, until you press RETURN on the line these kinds programs as "spaghetti Code." It's a
and the buttons you have to push, is always you changed.) habit worth avoiding.il all costs.
identical as well. That's how I can sit down in LIST has a few options to it which come in Instead, plan ahead. Use more than one
front of a computer and install, set up. and run very handy. Ifyou follow the LIST command command on a line only when it makes sense to
a program I've never seen before without looking with a line number, for example, only that line do so; when you want to PRINT several limes in
at the manual for instructions. will be listed. You can also specify a range of a row, for example, or as part of an IF-THEN
There isn't any such set of rules for line numbers to be listed. Let's say you wanted loop. Writeyour program in sections and assign
Commodore programs outside of GEOS. But to see all the lines from number 10 through each section a range of line numbers. Yon might
there are still plenty of assumptions that go number 50. You'd type LIST 10-50 and hit save lines 10 through 200 for your opening
into every Commodore program, things like RETURN. Those line numbers would appear. screen and starting input routines, then start at
the error messages and disk commands. As Once you start writing more and more line 300 for the next section. All those unused
you read this column. I hope you will learn complicated BASIC code, you will find yourself line numbers can be used to expand a section
some of those assumptions. needing to add lines. Since BASIC uses without bumping into the next one. You'll find
They taught me in college when 1 was getting numbered lines, you will have to have a line that a well-planned program is not only easier
my teaching certificate that you can really help number available where you need a new line to to fix or modify but also more gratifying to write
penple out by giving them something called an go. You will remember that we have been in the first place.
'advance organizer.™ what th.it means is that numbering our program lines by tens. This I lere's a neat trick that can enme to the rescue
you give them some idea ofwhal they're expected was intended to leave that extra space just in ifyou need to move whole lines to new line
to learn. You can hand out outlines or diagrams; case. Ifyou have a quite a few lines to add, numbers. LIST the lines you want to move on
get their curiosity piqued with some example, or though, even ten line numbers can be too few. the screen. Now cursor up to the line number of
just lay it on the line ("See this word? It's One way around this is to place more than one one of the lines, DEL the number, and type in
pronounced 'parallel,'and today you're going to liASIC statement in a numbered line. It's actually the new number you want it to have, and press
liudout whal that means.") What I've been talking very simple todo this. You simply have to separate RETURN. You have now copied thai line to a
about in this issue so far had really been jusi that: the commands with a colon, I lere's an example: new line number. You do need to go in and gel
an advance organizer lor you, the reader. Every rid of the old one, however, but that's easy todo
issue I will spend my allotted word count These live lines of BASIC... too. just type the old line number on a blank line
discussingdiskdrives. user ports, error messages, and press RETURN. That line is now empty.
and all those other little details that make up 10 PRINT "HI!" ©
Commodore computing. As you read, keep in 20 POKE 646,5

February/March 1996 11 COMMODORE WORLD

 Foreign khan

THE GERMAN CEOS USER INTEREACF

just about the same time Maurice Randall's sill waiting for a US distributor, but in the
geoShetl hit the market in theStates. a very similar meantime you can purchase the program from:
program was causing quite a stir among GHOS Jurgen Eckel. Sacklingerstr.2, D-40470
users in Europe. Jurgeti Eckel was offering with Dusseldorf. for about $15.
his new program "CI.I". a text-based MS-DOS Before I leave you for another issue, here's a
type interface for GEOS.Jurgen hit pay dirt with quick list of the available commands wilh a
CLI, as it lias outsold and continues to outsell short explanation. Ifyou're using geoShell.yuii
geoShdlby a long shot. Most Europeans areused might want to compare the commands with
to using programs that are written in English. ofthe commands in CI.I. The rest ofyou will have those CLI offers.
That's the case regardless of the computer to do a bit of learning the ropes, but will catch on
platform. If the program is good and dues what to the process pretty quickly. A batch-file editor backup" archive command

they want, they use it. They might pronounce the makes the program even more like a IliM basic" leaves GEOS and returns the
English words all wrong, hut hey. they're getting compatible machine and means fasteraccess and computer to BASIC
their work done. CLI Is written in German and greater comfort. TheF-keys are defaulted to issue Lhkdsk" check disk
English but the real reason for its success is that it commands when pressed (16 commands els'" clear screen
has more to offer than geoSheil. The program is possible!) and can be redefined by the user. copy" copy

exceptionally well written and the latest version The installation is quick and easy, bill there is date" date
(23) and it just doesn't get any better than this. one tricky part. After the installation has started. del" delete tiles
CI.I is the abbreviation for "Command Line a dialog box appears asking for one of fifty codes dir" directory
Interpreter", and that basically explains what the that can be fbundin the handbook. Use theproper exit" back to deskTop

program does. Instead of using the graphic code! Each installation can only be made once. formal" format disk
deskTop with icons, the user simply types in You blow it and you've just wasted 20 German key" F-key definition
commands with the keyboard, presses the Marks! If the installation is successful, and it nil,'" GEOS Info
RETURN key and the interface escorts you to should be. the program allows you to protect label" disk name
your application or drive or carries out different your entire system with something I just hate: a pause" for use witli the batch edilor
commands. Bypassing the graphic environment password. (I use the same password for everything prim" print
n lakes wo rkh ig w it h G EOS ex I rem ely co m fort a h I e lhat requires one so I don't forget it. If I should ren" tile name
and speeds up everything considerably. forget it remindme that its"Yoileler".)The default restore" restore a backup
All types ofdrives and RAM expansions can be password is—you guessed it—GEOS. swap" change drives
accessed, including CMDs mass storage devices. When you boot your system the next time, a si's" saving CU frommemory todisk
Emulation modes, native modes and dialog box appears asking you if you want to drive
subdirectories are no problem for CLI. The enter the deskTop or ("I, I. Choosing CLI will cause lime" reads the RTC
program is only lit) kbytes and resides in the the drive prompt "A:" toappear. The rest is pretty type" standard C.EOS docs printed to
computers memory at all limes. No part of the simple. Keyboard short cuts will also help to gel screen

program needs to he reloaded—ever. some of the tasks done in a hurry. ver" CI.Is version number
The commands for G.I were "adopted" from I Spoke With the author recently and he xcopy" contents of star! disk copied
the world of MS-DOS. Those ot you who also use informed me that the program is available in xdel" erase disk in default drive
a K (shame on you!) will re cognize practically all english with english manuals. The program is v.

COMMODORE WORLD 12 Lucky Issue 13

 SUBSCRIBE OR RENEW NOW AND WIN BIG!

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251715, 251913. 8580.WD1772 S10.95
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Monitor Cablos Call
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February/March 1996 13 COMMODORE WORLD

 By. Kaitt&utte /VeidOH. afc Amaja flep&d Maij&giHe.

Welcome back to the nexl installment of our ihree-part scries on HTML, ed. Also, the graphic above should be to the lef
the language of the World Wide Web. In the last issue, we explained a t of all of this text. All the letters should be
little about the Web, how to createa respectable homepage, anddiscussed white, except for links and visited links. For e
some of the basic commands used in HTML In this issue, we will xample, here is a link to the menu of <A HREF="C
continue with the tutorial by giving a more in-depth look at some of the World.html">example pages</A> for this tutorial.
HTML commands already mentioned, as well as a few new ones. In A link that you may not have visited yet would b
particular, we willbegin looking atsuch advanced features as imagemaps, e <A HREF=*http://www.efn.org/-kpw/cheesenet95/i
tables, and forms. ndex.html">CheeseNet ,</AxBR CLEAK- " lef t ">3
<img SRC="edge.gi£" ALIGN= Tight *>l
New Commands <P ALIGN="j:ight ">This paragraph should be right-
A new version of the Web language called HTML3 is in development. justified. Notice that this paragraph begins aft
While incorporating the commands in previous versions, it also adds er the left-edge picture ends. Also, Che edge pi
some very powerful commands that increase tiie attractiveness of the cture is now on the right and is narrower.<BR CL
pages they are used in. Currently, only some browsers such as Netscape
for Mac/PC and IBrowse for the Amiga support these commands. <P ALiGN="leff > Another thing we can do is make
However, they are becoming more and more common, and most graphical <FONT sr.ZE=--2>big text</FONT> or <FONT Size=-2>
browsers will soon support them. small text </FONT>. This is useful for emphasizi
Since most ofthese advanced features rely on graphics and special text ng- text. 3
formatting, it is generally impossible to properly view such pages using </B0DY>5
text-based browswers like Lynx. Because of this, you should consider </HTML>$
creating and linking some alternative text-specific pages for users with
non-graphical browsers. What do all of these extra commands do? Rendered by an appropriate
With thai warning aside, let's look at a document with some of these viewer, in ihis case Netscape, the page looks like Figure 1 at right.
commands in it. Note that our examples use a paragraph symbol (1) to Notice that instead of the usual gray background, there is an image tiled
indicate where RETURN keypresses are located. across the page.This is due totheBACKGROUNDattribute in the <BODY>
statement. Any picture can be used for this, but it is recommended that it
<HTML>1 be small for speed concerns. Background images should also be something
<HEAD>1 which will contrast well with the text colors, so thai the page will remain
<TITLE? Some Features of HTML3 </TlTLE>i legible. All too often. Web authors tile unpleasant colors under their test,
providing a blurry and disorienting effect.
<BODY BACKGROUND=llback,gi£n TEXT="#FFFFFF" If a solid color is all that is desired for a background, an easier and
LINK="#FFQ064il VLINK= " S00FF64 " >* quicker way to accomplish this is to use BGC0L0R="#/7jg£/j" within the
<Hl>Some Features of HTML3</H1>1 <UODY> tag. What this dots is set the background color to the
<IMG SRC="edge.gif" AlIGN="left">1 hexadecimal value#ngg£&, where rr.gg and bh are the hexadecimal codes
<P ALIGN=CENTER> This paragraph should be center for the red, green, and blue values respectively. For example. #FFFI:FF
would be white, and#A0OOFF would beashadeofpurple {notice it mixes of this writing, 1 was unable to find Dill if any of ihe popular 64 graphics
about 75% red fAO] with 100% blue [FF]). manipulation packages would support this process.
The next attributes for the <BODY> lag follow the .same pattern as the Following the first picture is the command <P AUGN="center">. This
BGCOLOR attribute just mentioned. They each take the Zrrggbb command causes all the text in the paragraph to he centered horizontally
hexadecimal code as theirvalues. The TEXT setting determines the color on the page. The other allowed values for the ALIGN option in the <?>
ofthetexton the page, LINKsetsthecolorol Mil1 linked teston the page, command include "left", "right", and "justify", the default being left,
and VLIN'K sets llie color of a link already visited. These options are A second way lo center texl is to use ihe <CENTF.R> and </CF,NTLI(>
certainly not necessary to the development of an HTML document, but lags, with ihe text to he cenlered between them. This usage is becoming
they really can make a page much more dynamic and exciting, as well as more widespread as more browsers support Netscape and other new
help to assure readability when using background colors or images. commands.
The next new code is the option ALlGN="left" for the first picture. The CLEAR attribute of the <BR> tag is particularly useful when lefl
This sets the picture to the left ol tlie text, as expected. Without this and right-aligning pictures. It simply signals the browser to begin llie
option, lexl would only be to the right of'an image for one line, and the next hue when one or more margins are clear, with possible sellings
next line would just wrap around underneath the image. This option being "left", "right", and "all", where ihe "all" option begins the next
keeps as many lines of text as it can fit to the right of the image. With lineal llie point where both margins are clear. If ihese commands are
this option one can create decorative borders or whatever. Notice also not used, the browser will simply fil as much text next to an image as it
that later in the examplewe use ALIGN="right"forapicture.Thiscauses can, which often is not the desired result. The same result can be
the picture to be to the right of all text, as expected. obtained byu3ingmultiple<BR>or<P>tags, and guessing the amount
Also notice thai in places on the edge.gtf picture the background ol blank lines needed to get to the bottom of the picture, but this isnol
shows through. This is done by creating the picture, and drawing with recommended, as people may sellheir viewer's window size to he larger
one color of your choice the areas you wisli lobe transparent. Then, use or smaller than your own, which would foul up llie formatting.
either your drawing program if it supports transparent GIFs, or a GIF Finally, the <FOXT> tag with the SIZE Option provides a way 10 vary
utility to set that particular color transparent. Utilities that do this are the size of ihe texl you use in a document. This could be larger text for
available for many types of machines at various FTP sites. At the lime emphasis, or smaller text for copyright symbols and llie like. Whatever
reason you prefer, ihereare two
ways lo use this tag. One is to
Figure 1 give absolute sues, such as
<FONT ,SfZE=7>, (7 is llie
D Netscape: Some Features of HT(V
largest size), or relative sizes,
such as <FONTSIZE=+2>. This
mm
Back For Home Reload Images Open Print Find Stop
second example would set the
texl to be Uvo sizes larger than
Location: pttp: //www.xnet. com /~jcompton/html3page.html
ihe surrounding text. 1 happen
What's New? What's Cool? Handbook Net Search Net Directory Software to prefer the second method,
bill that's just a personal

Some Features of HTML3 preference. Either way is

perfectly tme. just don't forget
to place a </FONT> tag alter
This paragraph shovJdbe centered Also, the graphic above shoijldbetothe left of all of this ihe texl whose size you wish lo
text. All the letters should be white, except for links and visited Unhs. For example, here is 9 change, or llie rest of your
lnil: lo the menu of, for this tutorial. A link thai you msy not have visited yet document will all remain in that
would be to:,. loiii size.

Imagemaps
Imagemaps, or "clickable
images' are quickly becoming
very popular. Instead of
This paragraph should be right-justified Notice that this paragraph begins after the left-edge displaying a test menu ofplaces
piclure ends. Also, the edge picture is now onihe right and is narrower. to go. people would rather
present a graphical menu.
complete with fancy texl and
graphics. This is becoming
increasingly popular on the
Well's search reference sites,
such as Yahoo and Lycos. Any

AruDtherthingwcandoismake big textor^inta: This is useful for emphasizing text GIFformatpicturemaybeused

as an imagemap, even
transparent GIFs. However.
your Intern El provider must be set up to handle imagemaps. Mine, for (The files listed In the example.map file, other than CWorld.html, are not
example, is not. So I do no! have an example page for this particular real Web documents, just examples used for clarity0
HTML feature, but 1 will explain it. The first line in the example.map file is a comment, simply lo let you
You need to create a text file called a ".map file" (it must have the file know what the purpo.se ofihe file is. Comments in imagemap files must
extension ".map") It specifies geometric objects that divide the imagemap begin with the % character. The next line begins with the word "default",
picture into regions. When you click cm an area of the picture, the and it specifies the URL thai the imagemap program .should send yon lo
browser sends! he mouse coordinates (relative to the tipper-left corner of il you don't click in one ofthe specified regions. In this particular file, this
the picture) lo the imagemap program. The program then checks these line is unnecessary, hut thai will be explained later. For the entries ofthe
coordinates against the entries in the .map file to see if they are included objects, the syntax is "object UR1. ^coordinate, ycoordinale". [f there is
in oik' ofthe objects. Here's an example of a .map file: more than one set ofcoordinates for an object, each set is separated by a
space. "Object" refers lo the object type, and "URL" is the destination
» Imagemap file for a picture? address for that area of the image. Also note that objects are allowed to
default http;//www.xnet .com/~jcampton/eWorld.htm overlap. The lirsl object that encompasses the mouse coordinates will be
IT used, so be conscious ofthe order ofthe objects.
rect htr.p: / /www.xr.ee .com/- jcompton/rect .html 50, The first geometric object defined is a rectangle, with the object name
30 70,801 "rect". and which requires two sets of coordinates. The first is the location
circle http: //www.xr.et .com/-jcompton/circle.html ofthe upper-left hand corner, and the second is the location ofthe lower-
20,-50 5,401 right hand corner. Fallowing the rectangle object is a circle object, with
poly ht_r_p: //www.xnet. com/-jcomp ton/poly .html 60, object name "circle", and also requires two sets ofcoordinates. The firsl set
10 40,45 10,45 80,201 is the location ol the center ofthe circle, and the second is the location ofa
point. hLLp: //www.xnet. com/- jcomp t on /point 1 .html point on the edge ofthe circle. The "poly" object isapolygon, with up to too
75,9031 coordinates thai each reference a vertex ofthe polygon. The polygon will
point http://www.xnet.com/-jcompton/point2.html automatically "draw" the imaginary line between the first and last set of
3,31 coordinates to close ihe object. (Remember, these objects will not actually
appear on screen, but will be used as reference points to determine where
the imagemap sends ihe user.)
Figure 2 The last of ihe object is the
"point", which .simply defines one
point on die picture. If an area is
; Netscape: Grocery Stor
clicked in thai isn't defined, ihe
imagemap Mill use the URL of the
Back i ■ I ■. i! I Reload Images Optn Print Find closest point object ForthIs reason,
having only one point is silly,
Location . http ;//www.xnet.com/"jeompton/tablepage.html
because you may as well just set a
What's New? What's Cool? j Handbook Net Search Ket Directory I Software default location. This also explains
why the default declaration is
unnecessary in the .map file,
Grocery Store because anywhere on the picture is
considered lobe close lo one ol the
On My Table points, and the default URL will not
be used.
Daiiry Grams Meat FruftsfVtggts

Milk Bread Sieak Potatoes Tables

Cheese Cereal Chicken Apples There are two ways lo show a table in
I[T]\il..Theoldwayislousethe<l1UI->
Yoguri Bagels Hot Dog Carrots
a ud </P RE> l ags. Tl iese lags surround
text that will appear in the document
In a fixed-width font exactly as typed,
including spaces, carriage returns, or
what haveyou.Thisis the only format
that will show up with any sort of
re I ia bl eresul I s on a t ex I ■ based b row scr
such as Lynx I lowever, a new and
m ore versa! ile way is t o u se t he syn t ax
thatisacmailycalletia table. An HTML
document, which lakes advantage of
some ofthe commands we discussed
earlier, with a table Is presented here:

COMMODORE VUORI-O 16 Lucky issue 13

 <HTML>9[

<HEAD>I <HEAD>I
<TITLE>Grocery Store</TITLE>3 <TITLE>A Sample Form</TITLE>?

</HEAD> <J
<BODY BGCOLOR="#EFEFEF" TEXT="#000050" LINK= <BODY>5

"#009020" VLINK="000080">1 <H1>A Sample Form</Hl>1

<Hl>Grocery Store</Hl>1 <PxHR>3

<TABLE>1 <FORM METHOD="POST'"J[

<CAPTION ALIGN = "center" > On My Table </CA ACTION="http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/htbin-po

PTION>1 st/pos t-query ">'il
<TR> <TH>Dairy</TH> <TH>Grains</TH> <TH>Meat <P>Name:T.
</TH> <TH>Fruits/Veggies</TH> </TR>l <INPUT TYPE=1ltext" NAME="Name" VALUE="Mr. Bi
<TR ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <TD>Milkx/TD> 11" SIZE=50 MAXLEHGTH=75>1
<TD>Bread</TD> <TD>Steak</TD> <TD>Potatoes< <P>Memo:1

/TD> </TR>1 <TEXTAREA NAME="Memo" R0WS=3 COLS=50>Things

<TR ALIGN="center" VALIGN="middle"> <TD>Chee to Remember...</TEXTAREA>5
se</TD> <TD>Cereal</TD> <TD>Chicken</TD> <TD <P>Checkboxes:1
>Apples</TD> </TR>1 <INPUT TYPE="checkbox" NAME^'Apples" VALUE="
<TR ALIGN="right" VALIGN="boCtom"> <TD>Yogur Tasty" CHECKED> Apples <INPUT TYPE-"checkbox
t</TD> <TD>Bagels</TD> <TD>Hot Dog</TD> <TD> " NAME="Oranges" VALUE="Tasty"> Oranges^

Carrots</TD> </TR>I <P>Radio Buttons:?

</TABLE>5l <INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="Color" VALUE="Red"
</BODY>l CHECKED> Red <INPUT TYPE-"radio" WAME="Colo
</HTHL>I r" VALUE="Blue"> Bluel
<P>Menu:f
This document is rendered in a browser as show in Figure 2 al left. <BR>Pick a person:91
<SELECT NAME=" Person ">1jl
<OPTION> You <OPTION> Mel
<OPTION> He <OPTION> She?
</SELECT>?

A table must be enclosed by the<TABLE>and </TABLE> elements. The <P>List:1

<TABLE>tagcanalsoincludetheone-wordaltrii>uteBOKnHR,whichin <BR>Pick a letter:!
HTML3placesadividing line between Che different cells ofthe table. The <SELECT NAME=nLetter" STZE=4 MULTIPLES
first lag used is the <CAPTIQN> </CAPTION> set. This, as you might <OPTION> A <OPTION> 3SI
expect, will determine the caption to be used lor ihc table. <OPTION> X <OPTION> Zf
The next lag is <TR> with its companion < /TR>. These defines row ol the </SELECTS
table. They eon include ALIGN and VALIGN options, which determine the
alignment of text in the cells in ihe horizontal and vertical directions, <INPUT TYPE="submit" VALUE="Send the Form">
respectively. The ALIGN attribute can take the values "left" "riglu" and or <INPUT TYPE="reseL" VALUE="Reset the Form
'center", while llir VALIGN attribute uses the values "top° "bottom" and
"middle". The other tags used ina table are<TH>and<TD>. These tags do
no! require the closing tags, bul they are used with them above because i! is <HR>5
considered good form. The <TI i> tag delineates a header for the table. Hie </3ODY>3

<TD> tag separates the data in [he table. Both ofthese tags must be included
within a<TU> tag. Also, these tags can use the ALIGN and VALIGN options
described above, and the options In <TI I> and <TD> override those in the This form appears as shown in Figure '.i on the next page.
<TR> lag that contains them.

Forms
Forms are fairly widely supported al this point, mainly for using search The form begins with the iag<I;ORM>. This sag takes t wo at tributes. The
engines or sending feedback to the owner of a web page. I lowever, in order first is METHOD. This can be set to GET or POST. The differences will be
for you ioIjc able to incorporate forms in your own page, your server must explained in the ncxl article in this series, whieli concerns slightly more
suppofl ihis feature. Again, mine does not. but licit-1 have used a different advanced subjects. It also uses the attribute ACTION. This is set to tin1
server that sends llii? values inputted into the form back to the viewer. This URLol I he program or script I hat processes the form information. You
doesn't accomplish much, but it demonstrates how a basic form works. can useaURLspedfied by yourserver, which can serve different functions
Thankfully, the art of form-ing has not evolved beyond the simple bounds depending on the server. Most prefer to automatically send you the form
that Lynx can support, so such pages are available to virtually all Web results in e-mail. 11 your server does not yet support rorms.you can use the
browsers. URL that I have to lest your form abilities.

February/March 1996 17 COMMODORE WORLD

 included, which allows for .selecting of more than one entry, a list is
automatically used. The NAME option is used in [his tag the same way it
isusedinadieckboxlNPUTtype. Between the <SELECT>and</SEEECT>
are a list of <0PT10N>s. The text following each <0i'T10N> lag is a
separate choice. The <OI'T1ON> tag can also include an attribute of
A Sample Form SELECTED to give a default value.
Try not to feel daunted if the amount ofeonimands in IITMI. seems a
little overwhelming. The hallmark oi a good Web page is not so much the
Nwne |nr frill gimmicky layout as it is the information presented. Nevertheless, good
Memo presentation won't hurt, either. In the next issue's concluding article.
we'll examine the design of more complex forms and touch on CGI
scripts, perhaps the most intricate ami powerful aspect ofthe Web.Until
then, enjoy creating those Web pages!

Rain Bwois ♦ Rcc O Blot

Lit: Check Out These Web Sites

Pfcktltnir;
for More Information about HTML:

WWW Viewer Test Page

rm j or j Rfsg?
http;//www-dsed.lln[.gov/documents/
Harbinger Net Services (HTML Evaluation)
http://www.harbinger.net/htrnl-val-svc/
HTML pointers
Figure 3 hltp;//nelspace. cis.brown.edu/netspace/wwwdoc. him I
HTML things
http://www.csv.warwick.ac.uk/--sluce/tech.hlml
HTML Documentation Table of Contents
The tagusedmost often in this document lsthe<INPUT> tag. Therearess
http://www.utirc.utoronto.ca/HTMLdocs/NewHTML/
different types ofinput, "text", "password", "checkbox", "radio", "submit",
htmlindex.html
and "reset". The text pud the password options are Identical except the
Fill out forms example
characters typed in a password field arc shown with asterisks or a similar
http://www.wfbr.edu:8002/www/testform.html
character to protect secrecy. All these types except for "submit" and "reset" HomepagB Creation!
lake a NAME option. This is the variable name lor the data entered. Notice http://the-inter.net/www/future21/html.html
that the two radio types have the same NAME. This causes a "one-ofmany" HTML+ Discussion Document
effect, allowing the single variable given in NAME to have only one of die http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/MarkUp/HTMLPlus/
given values. A second option is VALUE In the text and password types, this htmlplus_i.html

causes default text to appear. In the checkbox and radio types, VALUE is the The World Wide Web Initiative: The Project
http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/
value ol'the variable when it is checked. With the submit and reset types,
VALUE sets the label of the button, The checkbox and radio types can also
take a CHECKED option. If this option is present, it causes the item to be
selected. The last two options present, .SIZE and MAXLIiNGT! 1, only apply
Find out more about Lynx
to the text and password fields. They set the maximum number ofcharacters from the following sites:
in the input area and the maximum characters allowed, respectively.
The second type of tag used in a form is the <TEXTAREA> tag. A A crude LYNX tutorial
<TEXTAREA> is a text entry area with no limit tothe numberofcharacters, http://www.gallaudet.edu/~kjcole/tutorial.html
It requires a NAME option .simitar to above, ll also requires ROWS and Lynx-Dev Discussion List
http://access5.digex.net/~asgilman/lynx-dev/abouMynx-
COLS op tions. These options areset to the number ofcharacters down and
dev.html
across youwish redisplay atonce. Abo, within a <TEXTAREA>, all spacing
Lynx-Dev Archive Index
and carriage returns are respected. An)1 default text should be placed
http://lynx.cc.ukans.edu/lynx-dev/
between the <TEXTAREA> and </TI'XTARKA> tags, if no default text is
The Lynx Enhanced Pages Index
desired, put nothing between them. This type of form entry is useful for http://www.nyu.edu/pages/wsn/subir/lynx.html
writing comments and feedback. Lynx, The
The next type ofselection tag is <SELECT>. This creates eithera menu, http://www.gold.net/lynx/
such as in the first example, or a list, such as in the second example, 'file
only difference between them is the SIZE lag. II SIZE is greater than 1. a -GRM

list is generated. If not. a menu is used. II the MULTIPLE option is

(=OMrVlOOORe WORLD 18 Lucky Issue 13

 Catering to Lynx and other
text-based WWW Browsers

When designing a website, seriously consider who will In- accessing your .site, Clear Navigation for All
and the type of Browser they may be using. IfvouarcscUin^upasilesiipporting Ifyour web site uses graphics for menu options, the above examples can help text
Commodore users, you will went Co be able to give all users ilie ability in users navigate through jour site. Replace <A HM:F="imagc.gif"> with <A
experience your site, mi matter what type ofbrowser they use. There are times HUEF=" this page, li 11111" > a 11 d change t he ah* n la t e text lo somethingappropriate
when using the latest and greatest HTML command! will leave those you an for the link. Graphic users will see the images you've selected for each menu
trying to impress disenchanted and left in the cold. For instance, if you're option, and text users will have meaningful text to select from instead ofa JLunbk'
designing a sales-oriented web site, you'd want to offer your products (and of [IMAGE] icons on the screen. With a few additional characters, your site can
images ofyour product) to anyone that Visits your site. To avoid alienating your be transformed from some thing that appears meaningless when viewed hy a text
visitors try the following .suggestions. browser:

Graphic Images [IMAGE] [IMAGE]

There are three methods uf adding graphics tu your WWW site that will otter [IMAGE] [IMAGE]
something meaningful tn text based Browsers.
You ran display the image, and offer a separate link to the image sn it may be Into something much more meaningful:
downloaded.

[Joe's Garage] [Specials]

Example:
[Customer Service] [Mechanics Forum]

<img src="image.gif"></a>
Formatted Text
<a=href"image.gif">image.gi£</a>
An easy way to display a data table is louse lht<PRIi> command. The <PRE>is
placed before the formatted text, and </PRE> after it. The table of'daia is shown
Another option many use is to tell text users what the/re missing by adding text
as you've formatted it, without any additional commands, and is accessible lo
to be displayed. Instead of the usual [IMAGE], the example given below would everyone.
display [Pliiilu] when viewed by text browsers.

Example:
<IMG SRO'image.gif" ALT=" [Photo] "> </A>

<Hl>Grocery Store</Hl>
This is- like showing someone a treat but noi letting them have It. Okay, so your
<PRE> On My Table
logo is probably no big deal, but those who can't see it don't know that. With a
little added text you can oiler the best of both worlds by having the image shown
Dairy Grains Meat Fruits/Veggies
and :i selectable link together in the same anchor:
Milk Bread Steak Potatoes

<A HREF="image.gif SRC="irnage.gi£" Cheese Cereal Chicken Apples

ALT=-[Photo Of XYZ]*> </A> Yogurt Bagels Hot Dog Carrots

</PRE>

This shows the graphic, and any visitors with a text browser can download il for
later viewing. The brackets aren'l needed, but they give a clue that it's an image Notes: (1) There are 12 spaces between the <PRE> tag and the "On My Table"
link. text. (2) Spaces are used to align the text. In Ibis example, all columns are left
You can include format ting commands too, as they only affect how the image justified. (3) Any hard returns located between the <PRE> and </PRE> tags will

Is shown. It doesn't change the image that's downloaded. For Commodore users be taken literally (I ITML normally ignores hard returns).
designingawdi page, fbrmattingthegraphic ran bea challenge, as you won't be ■GathnellMoranec
able to see the effects of word wrap around the graphic. However, because
graphic browsers use different fonts ofvaiying sizes, there's not much point in
woriying too much over how (he ie.\t wraps. To format an image so it's abnut the Interlace? No Worries!
size ofa lvalletphotugrapli and displayed on the leftside ofthe screen, the above Have Interlaced GIFS got you down? Here's a quick cure forC128
example can be expanded to: users! Download GIFDELACE.SFX (on some systems it'.s named
DELACER.SFX) and use il to convert thai pesky interlace Into ;i
<A HREF="image.gif SRC="image.gi£"
standard GIF tile.
ALT="Photo" HSPACE=-20 VSPACE="20-
- GUM
ALIGN=nLEFT">

February/March 1996 19 CDMMDDDne WORLD

 aJjJj]

This rare orphan

sits on a shelf
somewhere out of
the public's eye-
a reminder of
time when people
expected less
from laptops and
they delivered
more.
 oes anyone remember the 64—or he compatible with il. Different from the Commodore's previous models. Still, the unit
Commodore SX-MV li was 64, it can only utilize some serial bus peripherals. was ideally suited to the utilitarian computer
oneofthefirst Commodore some BASIC programs, and some data files, Since environment, where such issues may not exist.
"portable" computers, li weighed quite a bit, as the model is not forced to be compatible, il can Another thing bothering Commodore
h contained an entire Commodore 64, ;i 1541 sport new features like the serial and parallel ports enthusiasts was the name. Some people were
diskdrive, a 5" color monitor, and the associated and the larger LCD screen. calling it the Commodore G4LCD or the
power supplies, cables and case ;i!l in one unit. The LCD screen was somewhat plain by itself, C128LCD laptop computer. Neither was really
People called it and the computer like it but its presence removed the need to enrry or correct, since this unit shares the most
"luggables*. since that is how they were carried. Find a suitable monitor to display information. compatibility with the Plus/4 machines.
Also, the SX-li<i was not really portable, since il The SOxlli screen could be used as a 61440 Commodore is partly to blame for this, as they
required AC line voltage to operate. So much for pixel bitmap, or could be used in text modes to leaked report1, of a M laptop early in the
using your 154 on the mail! display 1200 characters of information. The development cycle.
In the mid 1980's, Commodore again tried user of this machine could organize all that To aid in securing a part of the utilitarian
their hand at portable computing, This time, information quickly, thanks to the built in market, the unit's HP bar code reader port made
CBM noted that to be truly portable, a computer software suite of programs. There were eight the unit desirable for shop and warehouse
must be lightweight and able to run on internal programs available: managers, who needed to move stock and
power. The engineers set forth to deliver a constantly update their inventory. Other users
prototype, and the Commodore LCD (CLCD) •Word Processor included business travelers, secretaries, and
Laptop computer was born. • Kile Manager executives, as well as other people who were on-
This technical marvel borrowed much ol its •Spreadsheet the-go and needed computing power wherever
styling, features, and hmctinmilitv from the •Address Book they were.
Commodore Plus/4 (26-1 series) line of ■Scheduler Although the unit did not come with a means
computers. Yet, it had a personality all its own. •Calculator to store files and data, a user could utilize any of
The unit sported the following Features: •Memo Pad the Commodore disk drives to off-load data.
■Telecommunications Program Also, the expansion port on the unit could
• A sleek, beige case styled similar to the accommodateextra RAM and/or ROM cards. If
Plus/4 All were somewhat sparse in features, much remote access or connection was desired, the
• Plus/4 style-72 key keyboard layout. like the built-in offerings for the Plus/'!, but built in 300 bps modem could be used with any
complete with real keys (not chicklet). H would function nonetheless. Of special notice telephone line to connect to remote locations
function keys and <i cursor keys was the Spreadsheet, similar in function to and systems. The VT-52 terminal emulation
• An 80 character by 1 ti line LCD screen thai Multiplan, the terminal program, which allowed a wider variety o! programs to be run
ilips down when not in use offered VT-52 emulation, and the Calculator over the modem, and the 300 bps speed was
• 8 internal integrated software programs and Memo Padprograms, which could be used speedy lor the era.
• An industry standard EA-2S2 (RS-232) from within any application. The battery About the only thing wrong with this unit
port backed RAM allowed the user to compute all was its timing. At the time of introduction,
• An industry standard Centronics parallel day without saving files to disk or hassling the Commodore fi'l had firmly rooted itself as
(printer) port with other forms or magnetic media. [he only Commodore computer. The Plus/4
• An I IP bar code reader port To the seasoned Commodore user, little and CKi suffered from this same viewpoint,
• 96 kilobytes of ROM would look out ofplace. The Plus/4 user would as business users stayed away from CBM
• 32 kilobytes of battery backed RAM feel ;il ease with the keyboard layout, I he BASIC computers, thinking they were only "toys".
• A super set of Plus/4 BASIC 3.,r. called programmer would see all the regular BASIC So, the Commodore LCD wasted away into
BASIC 3.6 2.0 commands plus the'i,5 additions, including nothingness. Only one unconfirmed sighting
•A 65Q02 CPU (based on the Western the BASIC 4.0 disk commands. The unit still has been reported, and I suspect that unit is
Design Center 65C02 CPU core under featured the Commodore editing environment, the only prototype ever manufactured. It's a
license to CBM) and machine language programmers would shame the unit never caught on, because the
• An expansion port notice all the old fi5()2 opcodes were still weight and capabilities of the unit would come
• A Commodore serial port present, although 8 new Instruction and some as welcome additions to the Commodore
• An internal 300 bps auto dial/auto answer new addressing modes were also available. The users. Also, the use of the WDC 65C02 core
modem. end user would enjoy the addition of standard allowed more flexibility in writing software.
• Able to run on 4 AA batteries. RS-232 and parallel ports, and the existing So, this rare orphan sits on a shelfsomewhere,
• Is 2.1«" tall by 11" deep by 11.75" wide, Commodore user will find that his or her out ol the public's eye. A reminder of a day long
and weighs 5 pounds existing (. ommodore peripherals can be used past, when people expected less from laptops
with the new machine. and they delivered more.
Unlike its predecessor, the SX-64, the CLCD was About the only thing missing from tiie unit
not designed to compete with the Commodore was full compatibility with any of

February/March 1996 21 CDMMDDDRE WORLD

The program listing in
this article can be
verified with our new
Checksum utility.
Intelligence
See page 54.

Quest
GqUcm.

Program Requirements
C-64ar C-12Sin 64 mode, mnii.se in purl I, or
joystick in port2,

Okay, so it's no intergalactk mission, there are change the hoard to a computer/screen, change wish tomove by positioningthe tip ofthe pointer
no mutant zombies, and the Earth isn't doomed the pegs io little halls and the holes to .square over it, then clicking once on the fire button (or
to certain destruction unless you can find some cells, and there you have it. left mouse button). Next, select Iheopeneell you
way to stop It. Intelligence Quest is, quiteslmply, want to move the selected ball to, Ifthemoveis
one of those annoying little puzzle games that Playing The Game legal (the selected hall must j p over another
challenges you to do the seemingly impossible. Once you have the program typed in, verified and ball to end up in the empty cell), the ball will he
Most of you have probably played similar saved, you're ready to .start it up. The program moved and you move on Io tin1 next turn.
games, usually found ill the form ol a little requires either a mouse (in port 1) or joystick (in
piece of wood with holes drilled in il, which port 2). II you plan to usea mouse, make sure it is Scoring
you fill with pegs. Leaving one hole blank at plugged intopoi 11 beforeyou start theprogram— When there are no legal moves left, the program
the start, you allempl to jump one peg over ifyou don't, it won't be recognized. will tally up the number of balls left remaining
another—much like jumping in the game Alter llie title screen clears, you're ready for and evaluate your performance. Leave only one
Checkers—until there arc no adjacent pegs the first turn. The game will leave one (random) ball, or eight balls with no moves left) and you're
left. The fewer pegs you have left at this point, cell open. Each turn consists of using the pointer a certified genius!
the belter your score, lake this concept, to make two selections, first, select the hall vou

COMMQDDRE WORLD Lucky Issue 13

 IQ.BAS

159 100 rem inini-ic (c) 1996 by cmd

168 110
232 120 poke53280,0:poke53281,0
26 130 print "(CLEAR/HOME)(WHT}{11 SPACES)(
17 CMDR p}"
164 140 print "(LGRYHH SPACESHRVS ON){17
SPACES){RVS OFF!"
20 150 print "{11 SPACES){RVS ON( commodore
world {RVS OFF)"
175 160 print "{11 SPACESHRVS ON) ( 17 SPACES
HRVS OFF) "
70 170 print '{DGRYHH SPACES) {17 CMDR y)"
162 180 print"(CRSR DN){WHT}{12 SPACESHCMDR
a){2 SHFT -HCMDR s) (CMDR a} { 8 SHFT *]
{CMDR s)"
190 print"(12 SPACESHSHFT -}{2 SPACES)(
SHFT -} {SHFT -}{8 SPACES){SHFT -) "
118 200 print"{12 SPACESHCMDR z}{2 SHFT *){
CMDR x) {SHFT -){2 SPACES){CMDR a){2 SHF
T •) {CMDR s){2 SPACES}{SHFT -)"
186 210 print"{12 SPACESHCMDR a){2 SHFT "1{
CMDR S} (SHFT -}(2 SPACESHSHFT -M2 SPA
CES) (SHFT -){2 SPACESHSHFT -)"
240 220 print"{12 SPACESHSHFT -){2 SPACESH
SHFT -) {SHFT -){2 SPACES HSHFI -){2 SPA
CES) (SHFT -){?. SPACES){SHFT -}"
234 230 print"{12 SPACESHSHFT -}(2 SPACES){
SHFT -) {SHFT -){2 SPACES){SHFT -H2 SPA
CES) (SHFT -}{2 SPACES){SHFT -)"
28 240 print"{12 SPACESHSHFT -}{?. SPACESH
SHF1 -) {SHFT -)(2 SPACES)(SHFT -}{2 SPA
CES) (SHFT -}{2 SPACESHSHFT -)"
250 print"{12 SPACESHSHFT -}{2 SPACES){
SHFT -) {SHFT -){2 SPACESHSHFT -1(2 SPA
CES} {SHFT ~){2 SPACES)(SHFT -)"
8 260 print" (12 SPACES){SHFT -){2 SPACES){
SHF'! -} {SHFT -){2 SPACES){SHFT -){2 SPA
CES} {SHFT -}{2 SPACES)(SHFT -)"
270 print"{12 SPACESHSHFT -}{2 SPACES){
SHFT -) {SHFT -)(2 SI'ACF.SHSHFT -H2 SPA
CES) {SHFT -){2 SPACES){SHFT -J"
-_ 280 print"C3 SPACESMSHFT -}{2 SPACES)(
SHFT -} (SHFT -}{2 SPACESHCMDR z){2 SHF
T -} {CMDR x){2 SPACESHCMDR z ) { CMDR s } "
89 290 print"{12 spaces){shft -){2 SPACES){
SHFT -) (SHFT -){9 SPACES){SHFT -) "
207 300 print"(12 SPACESKCMDR z) {2 SHFT *)(
CMDR x} {CMDR z}{9 SHFT *){CMDR x)"
88 310 print"(CRSR DNH13 SPACES}{YEL)mouso
in port 1"
157 320 ?rint"{9 SPACES)or joystick in port

IKTELLIGEKCE QUEST
125 330 print" {CRSR DNHLGRYH11 SPACES! (c)
<C) 19S6 CftEftTiyE MICRO DESIGNS, IKC.
copyright 1996"
85 340 print" (6 SPACES) (CYN)creative micro
denigns, inc.{HOME)";
[7] 153 J, 5@ ■
rem setup

173 370

f
139 380 dimii\(15, 151 , p (15) ,mv(9,9)
176 390 sx=53248:sz=532 64:sy=53249: iic = 49152 :
rtS = "(6 CRSR RT)"
101 400 raS(5)="below average":raS( A ) ="avera
ge" : raS 13)-"above average"
CfiME OUER, 4 PIECES LETT!
r. r * T f 193 410 raS(2)-"bright"r raS(1)-"genius":mdS =
11 (HOME) {17 CRSR DN) "
176 420 blS="{39 SPACES)"
1 PLflV AGAIN QUIT 10 430 gosubl680
243 440 •

162 450 li,j):nex

'-: ne ■At

February/March 1996 23 CDMMQDDRE WORLD

 IQ.BAS (ami.) vx IQ.BAS (ami.)

4 460 55 1090 printir.dS;"{3 CRSR DN}";

52 470 fori-lto9:forj=lto9:readmv(i,j):next 107 1100 print"{5 SPACES){WHT}{12 CMDR p}{6
: next SPACES){12 CMDR p)"
169 480 1-49152 52 1110 print" {5 SPACES} { LGRY) (RVS ON}{12 S
201 490 rcadci:ifd--1thcn51ffl PACES}{RVS OFF){6 SPACES)(RVS ON}{12 SPA
23 500 pokel,d:1=1+1:goto490 CES)(RVS OFF)"
177 510 uyt; (me] 179 1120 print"(5 SPACES)(RVS ON) play again
64 520 (RVS OFFX6 SPACES) {RVS 0NX4 SPACES)q.u
97 530 print"{CLEAR/HOME}{WHT}(11 SPACES}in it{4 SPACES){RVS OFF)"
telligence quest" 48 1130 print"(5 SPACESXRVS 0N}{12 SPACES}
197 540 prinffCYN} (c) 1996 creative micro (RVS OFFX6 SPACESXRVS 0K}fl2 SPACES)(R
designs, inc." VS OFF}"
117 550 fori=ltol5:p(i)=209:next 94 1140 print"{5 SPACES}(DGRY}{12 CMDR y}(6
156 560 r=int(1rndfffl1)*lS)+lsp(r)-32:n=l'J SPACESH12 CMDR y){HOME}";
LIB 573 188 1150 :
3 580 rem main loop 204 1160 gosubl500:ifr<22orr=25thenll6O
138 590 174 1170 i£c>5andc<18then53O
157 600 gosubl320 188 1180 ifc>23andc<36thenprinf(CLEAR/HOME)
166 610 gosubl230 {WHT)■:sys(me):pokel98,0:new
6 620 print 235 1190 gotoll60
178 630 238 1200
189 640 rem input values 105 1210 rem piece display subroutine
198 650 250 1220
77 660 printmd$;"(WHT)(10 SPACESJselect bal 101 1230 print" (H0MEX6 CRSR DN)(YEL) :i=l
1 to move" 23 1240 forl=lto5:print"(15 CRSR RT) leEtS
226 670 gosubl610:sp-mv frtS 5-1) ;
224 680 178 1250 forc=ltol
135 69E printmd$;bl$;md$;n(WHTH8 SPACES) sel 251 1260 printchrS(p(i));"{CRSR RT)
ect square to move to" 21 1270 i=i+l:next
22 700 gosubl610:lz=mv;printmd$fbl$ 223 12S0 print rprint
3 710 210 1293 next:print"{WHT}";
38 720 rem test values 163 1300 gosubl7 60:return
23 7 30 93 1310 :
255 740 if spclorsp>15orlz<lorl::>15then9y0 146 1320 rem board display subroutine
227 750 if (p(lz)<>32)Dr(p(sp)<>209)then980 105 1330 :
53 760 rp=0: fori-ltol5tifTn(sp, i ) =lzr.hnnrp=i 54 1340 print"{HOME}£5 CRSR DN}{GRN)";
135 770 next 148 1350 print"(18 SPACEEXCMDR a}(SHFT HC
221 7 80 ifrp=0then980 MDR S)"
214 790 ifp(rp)=32then98O 178 1360 print"(18 SPACES)(SHFT -) {SHFT - )"
89 800 221 1370 print"(17 SPACES)(CMDR a} (CMDR e} {C
57 810 rem do turn MDR rXCMDR eXCMDR si)1
109 820 50 1380 print'{17 SPACES}{SHFT -} - }
203 830 p(rp)=32:p[5p)=32:p[lz)=209:n=n-l (SHFT -}■
129 840 : 142 1390 print"(16 SPACES){CMDR a} (CMDR e} {C
61 850 rem check for more moves MDR r)(CMDR eXCMDR r}(CMDR e) {CMDR s)
149 860 : 114 1400 print"(16 SPACES)(SHFT _ 1
(SHFT - )
166 870 i-0 (SHFT -} (SHFT -}'
175 860 i=i+1;i£i-16then1040 216 1410 princ"{15 SPACESXCMDR a) ;CMDR (C
252 890 ifp[i)=32chen88O MDR r){CMDR eXCMDR r) e) iCMDR r} (C
199 900 j=0 MDR e)(CMDR s}1
22 910 j=j+l;ifj=16then88® 51 1420 print"(15 SPACES}{SHFT -} (SHFT - }
26 920 ifml i, j }=0then.910 {SHFT -) {SHFT -) {SHFT -}'
19 930 if<p(j]=2O9)and(p[m(i,j>)=32)then61© 209 1430 prinf{14 SPACESXCMDR a) {CMDR e) {C
255 940 go!.o910 MDR rXCMDR eXCMDR rXCMDR e} (CMDR r} (C
243 950 MDR eXCMDR r)(CMDR eXCMDR s) H

60 960 rem messages 19 1440 print°{14 SPACESXSHFT -I {SHFT -

)
0 970 (SHFT -) {SHFT -) (SHFT -) (SHFT -)"
118 980 printmdS;"{13 SPACES)(LRED}illeqal m 106 1450 print"(M SPACES}{CMDR z} (SHFT *} (C
ove MDR e){SHFT *)(CMDR e){SHFT *} ■;■: .. e) {S

157 990 gosubl940:fori = lto5O0:nexi: HFT ■ ! {CMDR e)(SHFT *}{CMDR x}

202 1000 printmdS;bl.9:goto610 68 1460 return
40 1010 : 253 1470
182 1020 rem game ovei 156 1480 rem mouse/joy input
68 1030 : 10 ;■■■.■
10 10-10 gosubl230:printmdS;"{VEL}{7 SPACES) 64 1500 if((peek[56321)andl6)=01 or (peek(56
game over,{WHT}";n;"(YEL)pieces left!" 320)andl6)=0)thenl520
167 1050 ifn=8thenn=l 41 1510 goto!500
216 1060 ifn>4thenn=5 236 1520 xl=peek(sx):y=peek(sy):xh=peek(sz)a
112 1070 ra$="{LRED)rating: (WHT)"+raS<n>:rl ndl
=le UraS)-2:rs=20-int(rl/21 -1 210 1530 X=xl+xh*256
3 '.080 printspc Irs) ;raS 45 1540 x=x-24:y=y-50

COMMODDRe WORLD 24 Lucky Issue 13

 VI IQ.BAS {emu.) IQ.BAS tuitiL)

108 1550 ifx<0orx>319ory<0ory>199chenl500 156 2200 data 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0

248 1560 c=l+int (x/8) :r=l+int(W8! 222 2210 data 0,0,0,2,0,3,0,0,0
182 1570 return 232 2220 data 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
96 1580 95 2230 data 0,0,4,0,5,0,6.0,0
163 1590 rem input decode 196 2240 data 0,0,0,0,0.0,0.0,0
124 1600 : 125 2250 daca 0,7,0,8,0,9,0.10.0
129 1610 gosubl500 208 2260 data 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
106 1620 ifc<16orc>24orr<7orr>15thenl500 174 2270 data 11,0,12,0,13,0,14,0,15
76 1630 C=c-15:r=r-6 :mv-isv (r, c) 43 2280
6 1640 gosubl870:return 250 2290 rem mouse/joy driver
170 1650 63 2 300
79 1660 rem sound init 25 2310 data 76,78,192,76,246,192,76,2 52
198 1670 188 2320 data 192,0,0,0,0,0,0,128
93 1680 SC-54272:fori=0to24:pokesc+i,0:next 88 2330 data 0,0,192,0,0,224,0,0
43 1690 pokesc-t-1, 3 :pokesc+4, 38:pokesc + 6 ,248 222 2340 data 240,0,0,243,0,0,252,0
4 1700 pokesc+11,38:pokesc+13,248 190 2350 data 0,254,0,0,252.0,0,248
53 1710 pokesc+24,15 129 2360 data 0.0,220,0,0,28,0,0
65 1720 return 5 2370 data 14,0,0,]4,0,0,7,0
2 50 1730 25 2380 data 0,6,0,0,0,0,0,0
152 1740 rem good sound 15 2 3 90 data 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
23 1750 84 2400 data 0,0,0,0,0,0,173,25
37 1760 x=128:pokesc+8,x:pokesc+4,38:pokesc 119 2410 data 212,201,255,208,3,76,152,192
+ii,: 9 186 2420 data 173,21,3,201,193,208,7.173
129 1770 gosubl830:Eorlp=lto3 112 2430 data 20,3,201,2,240,31,32, 197
142 1780 x=x+(x/2):pokesc+8,x:gosubl830 190 2440 data 192,8,120,173,20,3,141,9
150 1790 X=x/3:pokesc+8,x:gosub!830 7 2450 data 192,173,21,3,141,10,192,169
141 1800 next 11 2460 data 2,141,20,3,165,193,141,21
239 1810 pokesc+4,38:pokesc+11,38 43 2470 data 3,40,76,246,192,32,252,192
173 1820 return 72 2480 ;..'. . 8,120,173,9,192,141,20,3
98 1830 £ori=ltol0:nextireturn 57 2490 data 173,10,192,141,21,3,40,96
109 1840 107 2500 data 173,21,3,201,193,20E,7,173
101 laso rem click 223 2510 data 20,3,201,99,240,223,32, 197
121 I860 2520 data 192,8,120,173,20,3,141,9
44 1870 X=12 8 :pokesc + 13 , 240:pok"esc + S, x:poke 247 2530 data 192,173,21,3,141,10,192,169
SC + 1- -,39 182 2540 data 99,141,20,3,169,193,141,21
74 1880 fori=lto30:next 133 2550 data 3,40,7 6,246,192,162,64,189
67 1890 pokesc+11,38:pokesc+13,24 8 165 3328 data 14,192,157,63,3,202,208,247
253 190S return 79 3341 data 169,1,141,39,208,169,24,141
183 1910 154 3348 data 0,208,169,50,141,1,208,169
245 1920 rem bad choice 24 3358 data 0,141,16,228,169,13,141,248
195 1930 : 193 3368 data 7, 173,25,212,141,11,192,173
106 1940 pokesc+4,39 174 3378 data 26,212,141,12,192.96,169,1
192 1950 fori=lto20O:next 66 3388 data 141,21,208,96,169,0,141,21
150 1960 pokesc+4,38 105 3396 data 208,96,216,173,25,212,172,11
72 1970 return 153 3408 data 192,32,57,193,140,11,192,24
241 1980 201 3418 data 109,0,208,141,0,208,138.105
112 1990 rem movement data 40 3428 data 0,41,1,77,16,208,141,16
2 2000 48 3438 data 208,17 3,26,212,172,12,192,32
77 2010 data 0,4,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 179 3448 data 57,193,140,12,192,56,73,255
37 2020 data 0,0,0,7,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 46 3458 data 109,1,208,141,1,208,108,9
152 2030 data 0,0,0,0,8,IB,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 12 3468 data 192,140,14,192,141,13,192,162
91 2040 data 0,1,0,0,6,0,11,'3,0,0,0,0,0,0, 48 3478 data 0,56,237.14,192,41,127,201
0 231 3488 data 64,176,7,74,240,18,172,13
94 2050 data 0,0,0,0,0,0,0.12,14,0,0,0,0,0, 103 3498 data 192,96,9,192,201,255,240,8
V) 112 3508 data 56,106,162,255,172,13,192,96
199 2060 data 0,0,1,0,4,0,0,0,13,15,0,0.0,0, 207 3518 data 169,0,96,216,173,0,220,74
I7i 56 3528
Vs data 176,5,72,32,136,193,104,74
229 2070 data 0,0,0,2,0,0,0,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 15 3538 data 176,5,72,32,143,193,104,74
105 2080 data 0,0,0,0,3,0,0,0,10,0,0,0,0,0,ffl 22 3548 data 176,5,72,32,150,193,104,74
237 2090 data 0,0,0,0,2,0,0,7,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 91 3558 data 17 6,3,32,163,193,108,9,192
183 2100 data 0,0,0,0,0,3,0,0,8,0,0,0,0,0,0 170 3568 data 206,1,208,206,1,208,96,23 8
194 2110 data 0,0,0,0,0,0,4,0,0,0,0,13,0,0,0 170 3578 data 1,208,238,1,208,96,206,0
139 2120 data 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,0,0.0,0.14,0,0 33 2820 208,206,0,208,173,0,208,208
dan a
204 2130 data 0,0.0,0,0,0,0,4,6,0,0,11,0,15, 51 2830 data 21,240,11,23 8,0,208,238,0
(Ti
249 2840 data 208,173,0,208,208,8,173,16
179 2140 data 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5.0,0,0,12,0,0 241 2850 data 208,73,1,141,16,208,96, -1
67 2150 data 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,6,0,0,0,13,0
162 2160
161 2170 rem mouse/joy array
182 2180
156 2190 data 0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0

February/March 1996 25 COMMODORE WORLD

 The program lislitig in
this article can be
verified with our new
CheckSum utility.
See page 54.

Various routines have been used over th e years to be concerned with the different Kerual ROMs.
allow programs lo move from 128 mode to 64 The program i.s presented here in two ways: as a
mode without user intervention. With theadveni BASIC program that will move to M mode and
oF modified Kemal ROMs QiffyDOS, RAMlink, load the program you request, and as assembly for tile file name, device number, and Hie load
and others) many of the methods that work on language source lor ML programmers. type (BASIC or ML). The firs! two parameters
stock machines have either failed to do the job BASIC Notes: The BASIC version uses the ML shouldbe self-explanatory, hut the load type may
completely, and tn .some cases fail all together. codeproduced by the assembly language source. confuse you. If the file you're loading is itself a
RUN64 is the answer to those users looking to This is found in the data statements beginning at small loader (1, 2 or 3 blocks) then it will almost
worm their way into 64 mode without having to line 6(iO. When you run it, the program will ask always be an MLprogram. Likewise, ifyou usually

RUN6i.BAS RUN64.BAS UwiU

102 100 rem run64.bas [c) 1996 creative micr 103 4 30 poke 6356+i,0
o de signs, inc. 33 490
168 110 184 500 rem poke in device number
19 120 print "(CLEAR/HOME}run64" 58 510
26 130 print 57 520 £ dvS=n" then 570
198 140 125 530 ! >oke 186,val(dv$)
81 150 rem f$ = "filename" : rem filename 84 ■;/
232 160 rem dv^peek(186] : rem device numbe 249 550 rem check load type
r (8 , 9, 10, etc.) 104 560
87 170 rem 15="a" : rem load type (a 253 S70 I ;oke 6324,0
=basic, b=ml [,1]) 244 580 f IS ="b" then poke 6324,1
171 180 rem goto 310 138 590
248 190 241 600 rem sys to ml
235 200 input "filename";f$ 158 610
160 210 input "(2 SPACES >devic«i";dv$ : if dv 216 620 sys6144
$ = »" then 2 30 178 630
42 220 poke lB6,val(dvS) 16 640 rem ml data
134 230 dv = peek(186) 198 650
136 240 print 32 660 data 32,115,239,160,0,185,22,24
57 250 print "select a or b" 159 670 i. :' .. 153,0,128,200,208,247,165,186
137 260 print "(2 SPACESJa. load";chr$(34);i 93 580 data 141,157,128,76,77,255,9,128
$,-chr$(34) ;","; rights (strS (dv),len(strS( 2 690 data 9,12 8, 19b,194,205,56,48,169
dv) ) -1) 101 700 data 0, 141,4,128,120,169,0,141
239 270 print "(2 SPACESJb. ".oad" ;chr$ ( 34 ) ; f 100 710 data 22,208,32,132,255,32,135,255
SrchrS(34);",";rightsIsLrS(dv),lenlscrS 119 720 data 169,230,133,1,169,43,141,0
dv) ) -L);',1- 132 730 data 160,169,128,141,1,160,76,248
235 280 get IS : if lSo"a" and lS<>°b" then 107 740 data 252,169,231,133,1,32,14B,128
aoto 280 77 750 data 32,151,128,32,154,128,162,0
136 290 print 70 760 data 189,159,128,240,6,32,210,255
236 300 print 1$;" selecLed" 186 7 70 data 232,208,24 5,162,0,189,190,12 8
206 310 print 4 780 data 240,6,32,210,255,232,208,245
146 320 print "going to 64 mode!" 125 790 data 162,0,189,180,128,240,5,32
133 330 228 800 daia 210,255,232,208,245,173,158,128
87 340 : rem poke in main ml 94 810 data 240,10,169,44,32,210,255,169
153 350 116 820 data 49,32,210,255,169,145,32,210
177 3 60 i = 6144 163 830 data 255,32,210,255,173,157,128,133
131 370 read d 213 840 data 186,162,0,189,185,128,240,6
228 3 80 if d = -1 then 450 0 850 data 157,119,2,232,208.245,173,158
71 390poke i,d 89 860 data 128,208,2,169,4,133,198,76
178 400 i = i + 1 21 870 da L a 157,227,108,149,227,108,152,227
237 410 goto 370 232 880 data 108,155,227,0,0,17,17,68

223 420 58 890 data 86,51,80,69,69,75,40,49

245 430 : rem poke in filename 135 900 data 56,54,41,58,76,79,65,68
243 440 163 910 ■.";,.■__; 34,0.34,41,68,86,0,13
33 450 for i = 0 to lenifS)-1 170 920 data 82,213,13,0,70,73,76,69
119 460 : poke 6356-t-i, ascfmidS (f§ , i+1,1)) 104 930 data 76,65,77,69,0,-1
■ 470 next i

COMMODORE WORLD 26 Lucky Issue 13

load the file with a ".8.1" at the end of the load Assembly Langttogt Motes; The source code is The code uses some tndirecl vectors (ihv, ibr
statement, it's ML. [fyou're loading a larger file, pretty well documented, and MI. programmers and Him), and also switches out the BASIC ROM
or a Me thai you normally load with just a ".H", should have liftle [rouble figuring out what temporarily to make sure thai control is passed
then use the BASIC option. everything does. Take note of the Buddy back after executing some Kernal code.
Also, ifyou remove the££Min$trnctfons from Assembler .i;//'pscndo-op used a few lines below To use the routine, just set up a file name at
lines 150 through inn the program becomes a the code label. This adjusts all fixed references filename, put a device number in Sba, set the load
dedicated loader. Jus! specify the file name and within thecode that follows it to e.\«u improperly type in salflag, then execute the routine.
Other options within those lines. a I $8000.
S3

; RUN64.SRC
; Doug Cottor & Mark Fellows ldx #$00
+ ; print device
; (c) 1996 Creative Micro Designs, - Ida part2,x ; variable at end
-
beq + ; of LOAD staLemc-nt
.org $1800 jsr $£fd2
.obj run64,obj inx
bne _

run64 jsr Sef73 go slow

+ Ida salflag check secondary
ldy #0 copy cartridge beq + address flag for load
Ida codc,y code to $8000 Ida #', ' type, and print, a
sta $8000,y jsr Sffd2 comma and a 1 at end
iny Ida #■!• of LOAD statement if
bne 381 Sffd2 load type is ML

Ida Sba get device number + Ida #$91 print two CRSR up
sta dvtemp and store it jsr $ffd2
jsr $ffd2
jmp 5ff4d go 64 ;

Ida dvtemp ; get device number

code .byt $09,$80 cold start sta Sba ; and store
.bye $09,$80 warm start ;

.byt $c3,$c2,$cd $38,530 ; cbm80 ■t ldx ssoo ; put [RETURN]rU(R£TURN]

- Ida keydata,x ; into keyboard buffer
.off $8009 offset code i ■ : +

sta $0277,x
Ida #$00 disable inx
sta $8004 cartridge code bne -

sei di sable interrupts

+ Ida salflag get load type and
Ida B$00 zero out bne +
branch if it is ML (1)
sta $dO16 VIC control Register Ida H$G4 i f not ML, change .A
-
+ sta Sc6 store kybd buffer NDX
jsr $£fS4 initialize I/O ;

jsr $ffB7 initialize RAM jmp $e39d enter BASIC

Ida S$e6 switch in RAM ;

sta $01 at $A0OO ibv jmp ($e395) initialize vectors

Ida #<reenter set up return vector ibr jrap (Se398) initialize RAM
sta $a000 at SA000 to bypass ibm jrap ($e39b) initialize memory
Ida »>reenter BASIC statup during
sta SaOOl initialization dvtemp .byt $00 device number temp
1
salflag .byt $00 load type (1-ML,
jmp SfcfS let Kernal finish up O=BAS1C)
J
reenter Ida Tt$e7 back from Kernal, set parti .byt $11,$11 2 CRSR up
sta $01 $A0OO back to ROM .byt 'dv=peek( IS 5)sload'
.byt S22 quote

jsr ibv initialise vectors .byt $00

jsr ibr initialize RAM
jsr ibm initialize memory part 2 .byt $22 quote
.byt 1 ,dv
ldx ttsoo output screen text .byt $00
Ida parcl,x to form LOAD statement
beq + keydaLa .byt $0d ; [RETURN]
jsr $ffd2 .byt 'rll1 ,- shortcut for RUN
inx .byt $0d ,- [RETURN]
bne - .byt $00

1 ldx #soo print filename to be filename .byt ' filename 1 ; name of file to load
Ida filename,x loaded at end of .byt $00
beq + LOAD statement •

jsr $ffd2 .end

inx
bne -

February/March 1996 ?J COMMODORE WDRLD

 CMD -HARDWARE -800-638 SOFTWARE • CMD
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 Graphic Interpretation
Lu, Stew VaudeA. Ank

GET IT TOGETHER WITH GEOS

I've always been into graphics with GHOS. 1 working on at the moment. In other words, llial
enjoy desktop publishing with geoPublish, and pad of paper is my organizer, my schedule, my
get a kick out of customizing my patterns and address hook, and my scratch pad all in one.
then messing around with the spray paint ion! That's a pretty important tool. A few years ago I
in geoPalnt. Frequently, I'm amazed at the learned just how valuable it is to me when I lost
quality of the images which come from geoGIF. il. I was between projects and had jusl left the
Recently. I hecame the proud (inner oi a pad of paper next to (he computer. When my
Handy scanner, so my graphic options have next writing deadline started loouiingcloseand
really increased dramatically. I've written quite i couldn't find the pad, I realized thai I was lost. I
a few articles and columns on the subject of even had to look in one of CMD's advertisements
graphics in GEOS, too; from graphics conversion to get (he phone number of Commodore World
togeol'ubli.shtips. I'd have tosay that my favorite when I needed to call the editor.
GEOS program is geoPubtfsh, followed closely Il occurred to me, though, thai GHOS might
by a number of other graphics-related just have the tools I needed forallthis organizing
applications and utilities. and the like. Computers do this kind of thing all
I also really like fonts. Let's face it, fonts art' But when things gel gritty—when there's a ihe time I hese days. There are several such tools
one nl the big reasons why GKOS is so cool to deadline siaring me in the face, like now, for Included with the PC version ofGEOS, including
use. I have disks full of fonts; some I collected example, ihose programs get shoved aside in a geoPlanner. Unfortunately, there's no
from Ql.ink and GEnie, others that I created hurry, When 1 actually have work lo get done. geol'lanner for the Commodore, and as far as I
myself. I actually enjoy the rathertediousprocess the program lalwaysturntoisgeoWrite, Along know no one has created anything similar as
of clicking on and oil' hundreds of individual with the word processor, I always have a few shareware. But there are GF.OS programs thai
pixels as I try to gel a character set tolookjuM favorite desk accessories and support Utilities. should lei me schedule my time, jot notes, track
the way I imagine il. Along with the graphics Sec, the kind of writing I do doesn't require any my projects, end much more. The more I thought
applications anduttllties, another ofmy favorite graphics or fancy page layouts. I use whatever about this. Ihe more 1 liked the idea of creating
programs is Jim toilette's Font Editor. font is handy, usually BSW ]28, and I put the a "project manager" for GliOS by using a suite ol'
There is another variety oi GEOS programs disks wii hall the coo! games on them as far away existing utilities.
which will always keep my interest, sometimes Irom me as possible. It's just me and geoWrite, I Started by doing a little preparation; by
making me waste enormous amounts of lime pounding away lo gel things done. looking at the programs available and then
with mouse in hand and eyes straining into ike That's not entirely true, though; it's not jus! choosing which would work the best. In order lo
face of my monitor. I'm referring to games, of me and geoWrite. There's also thlssort ofscrufly- dn that. I tried to imagine what I wanted a project
course. Sun1, there are snazzier games for the looking legal pad that always sils next to my manager lo do for me. First, il had to be able lo
Commodore outside of the GEOS environment, computer, I use thai pad for all sorts of things, keep trade ofmy day. Including a to-do list and a
Jusj about every GEOS game is a strategy game from quick ideas for columns to noleson my last place lo note things like meetings or calls to be
with nary a role playinggame ora shoot "em up to conversation with the editor ol this magazine. I made. I also needed lo have a place to jot down an
be found anywhere, lint I'm .still hooked. Give me also keep a scribbled list of ihings to do and oi" idea or oilier information thai mighl come up as
geoTile1. and Draw I'oker and fm a happy guv. people lo call, as well as details oil he project I'm the day wenl along, i imagined thai I would Start

COMMODORE WORLD 30 Lucky Issue 13

 the day by creating a nicely-formatted overview I could iill in a new copy of that form for every
jusl made one box for morning, one for
of what I needed to do and would then be able to day. By setting the date as the sort field. 1 could
afternoon, and one for evening, each big enough
move back to iliat overview when I needed io. keep a nice, organized set of daily plans and
to hold several ilems. Thai left me with enough
At first I decided just to tire up the Note Pad schedules. I had created enough geoFile screens room for everything. It looked great and whal's
desk accessory and leave it at that. I could type lo know that it would work perfectly Tor what I
more, il worked. Using the keyboard shortcuts
pretty much anything on that pad and could had in mind. The only disadvantage would be to move around the form made data enlry quick
then gel to il when J needed lo by choosing il that it wouldn't have a desk accessory's ease of and easy. Voila: I had my organizer.
from the "geos" menu. ] gave it a try and was access, but more on that later.
Rather than try to force geoFiie to do things it
very pleased with the result. I wrote a to-do lisl 1 hadn't used geoFile for some time, but once wasn't designed for, I decided to pull in several
there, 1 added phone numbers ofpeople I needed I gol started. 1 easily recalled how to set tilings other programs which I thoughtmight be useful:
to call, and I Doled any rneelings Or events on my up on the screen. It's all very intuitive, and with geoDex and Calendar, both from Desk Pack
schedule for that day. Whenever I wanted, 1 ihe alignment turned on and by copying fields Plus. The geoDex program is a desk accessory
popped up thai lisl and 1 could sec how 1 was to create new, identically-shaped fields. I had a database which, while noi powerful enough io
doing. This WHS certainly a nice solul ton lo my workable form in less than a half hour. My first become a full scheduler, can nicely handle
quest for an organizer. As a matter of fact. I try turned out very well. I thought. 1 made a storing names and phone numbers and even
almost stopped there. I didn't, though, and
dial the phone upon request. As for
Ihe reason was that I wanted to be able to
Calendar, it's designed to schedule in whole-
schedule things over several days or even day chunks. What makes il handy to have
weeks. 1 wanted to have Information lor my
around is the calendar display itself. In fact,
next deadline slored separately hut have il if your organizing/scheduling needs are
be accessible so ! could add things as they fairly modest, you might be able to keep up
occurred to me. Now 1 know that 1 could using just Calendar. I also kept the Nole
just add pages to my NotePad. lint Note I'ad, since il's quick and easy access made il
Pad pages are empty and small, hardly a great courier between my work in
flexible enough for serious project geoWrite anil my organizer in geoFile.
management. When it tame right down to All in all, I was pleased with the results.
il, I wauled the power of an application. I slill wished that I could somehow make
Lei me just pause a second here lo clarify geoFile into a desk accessory, though. As it
what! mean.Thereisabigdifferencebeiween turned out, I could do something very
a desk accessor)' and regular application, similar to that with a miraculous program
The diil'erence is mostly philosophical. A called geoWiiard.lt doesn'tactually change
desk accessory is an add-on: a supplemental any files at all. so geoFile doesn'l become a
utility which is designed lo be called up lo do desk accessory. Il jusl slarts to aci like one.
some lask that you need done while in (lie What gcoWi/ard does is provide you wiih
middle ol doing something else. A desk the option of starting a second application
accessory is sort of a mini-application, short while suspending the first, then switching
on power and features, bul doing one thing back and forth between the two almost
very well. An application is laden with instantaneously. With GeoWizard, I could
features and capabilities; applications have jump from my organizer in geoFile io my
all the power. Now that doesn't mean thai half-finished article in geoWrite at will.
some pretty powerful desk accessories can't be 1 could still wish formore.lt would be nice
written—Jim Gillette's MinifJe.sk is a good series of fields labeled K:00, 8:30. 9:00. and so ifl could dial the phone right from my organizer
example ofa very powerful deskaccessory—but on: these were for me lo schedule events into. I screen, kind of like geoDex does. I do love
otherwise most desk accessories are pretty also included a field for day noles (things like geoWizard, bul having an organizer built as a
wimpy. Their big claim lo fame, of course, is "Issue 13 columns due" get written there) and true desk accessory would be even better.
that they are available from almost anywhere In one for a to-do lisl. 1 was at this stage of things Another handy feature would be an alarm
GEQ5 without requiring that you close the when I realized that I had prelly much filled the which could be set separately lor each item on
application you are using at Ihe moment. This screenand had not included a call logora project the schedule. Maybe someone will write the
makes them extremely useful. But what 1 was information section. There was no way that such ultiruatescheduler/task manager for GF.OS one
trying to put together had to have more features I hings were going to fit on one screen, even in SO of these days and incorporate some ol these
than a typical desk accessory. What 1 wanted. I columns. A geoFile record is actually larger than ideas. In the meantime, though, this geoFiie
decided, was geoFile. [he screen itself, so 1 could have just placed solution will work jusl fine. I can keep the odds
GeoRle isthc "official" Gl-OS database. Using things farther to the righl or down a bit. Hut 1 and ends of my hectic projects on one nice
the mouse to click on a grid and drag to create wanted to have everything on one screen with screen, easilyaccessible.anduse thai screen lo
boxes, ! can easily create a screen full of fields no scrolling necessary. I had lo make space keep myself on track. And the best part is ihal
(which is what you call the boxes you type somehow. 1 don't have to worry about losing that darn
information into on a database screen) set up to I tossedout all the boxes for different times;! legal pad any morel
record all the information about my dav. Then don't ever schedule that much stuffanyway, and

February/March 1996 COMMODORE WORLD

 The SysOp's Corner
By Ma* QottneU.

THE MODEM CONUNDRUM

In my first column, I discussed several of the relates to the baud rate, it is not the same thing.
aspects thai go into the day to day operation of a The figure relates to the phone line comlilion.
ISI!S. I use my own system as an example for you the baud rate, and the compression that the
because ifthere is a problem to be encountered. I modems arc using. The rate on a Commodore
have surely run Into it- Here, modems based BBS can be as fast as on a IBM or a SUN
immediately come to mind Mostcomputer users based system. For instance, my Does The Job
think of modems as the small box ttatsite next to BUS on my Commodore 64 will have a bps of
thecoraputer with little redlights on itthatmakea 210 at 2400 baud, which is pretty good. Line
phone calls for you. Kul what if you want to conditions and the modem type will have a great
receive calls? There are a tot of details to consider effect on this. A good modern will auloliain
when using a modem to answer the phone. (change the rates to match the line condition) as

Modern modems will auto detect what kind of it goes. I have seen the CPS go from 210 to 100
call is coming in. But as we Commodore users bps over a two minute period while online on
know, sometimes there is a little more to what a my BUS. File type also relates to this. At 14.400
modem can do TO you than what it can do FOB This isthe noise thatthemodems make when they baud, the CPS rates are as follows (assuming a
you. Myfirst modem wasanAprotec Minimodem connect. A lot of things happen in those few V42 BIS data compression, which is sometimes
thai would answer the line and take all the abuse seconds. You'll notice thai the higher the modem not possible with a Commodore BBS),
that 1 saw ill to give it. Hut at 2400 baud, it wasn't speed, the longer ilie modems lake to 'talk' to each Remember that this is under ideal line
exactly a good choice for uploading and other.'i'his is the LAPMprocessinaction.Hereara conditions:
downloading the multimedia articles that I write. some ol the things that ihe modems are talking
So, 1 went out and got myselfa state ofthe art US about. Better put on the 'ol thinking cap... File Type CPS
Robotics, It's the same model that the United Compiled program 3840
Statesgovemment uses font's employment BBS. Modem Speed Text File 3400
We've all read what kind ofmodemsweshould Modems van' in price, but as a general rule, the Binary file (program) 2030
buy right here in the pages ofComraodareWorld, faster the modem, the more you pay. Tour choice ZIP or ARC file 1700
Bat those are for the purposes of calling out to of modems depends on whal you are going to be GIF, JPEG 1700
services, the Internet, and BBSs.The whole world doing with your BISS. Ifyou are jusl sending text,
changes when you are at the receiving end. then use a 2400 baud modem. But when you get Error Correction
Becauseyou can expect calls from computers thai ready to add graphics anil downloadable files, This is one ol my problem areas. As baud rales
run at 120 Mflz {the processor speed of the then you need a faster modem. It will save and CPS rates rise, so does ihe need for error
machine. SlockC-rvlsrunatl Mtlz.AsuperCPl' transmission time, which will in turn get the user correction. This is one of the areas where my
will run at 20), and send information at a high off the phone line faster. Remember: system has problems. Some ofthe different types
rate of speed, with a slower system (compared to Commodores require a single line BBS. A of error correction that modems use arc highly
the high end computers thai cost several months I ransmissionovera240n baud modem that would advanced and can be troublesome to the
worth oi wages and a year or two of payments) lake 6 minutes will lake less than one minute at Commodore owner. Why? Well, there are a lol of
have to rely on the modem to do the job of 14,400 bps. (In the information superhighway, reasons, but the buffer within the modems
receiving and sending the information. speed really is your besl friend. themselves are the biggest fact or that I have found.
The following are some of the things that you When discussingerror control.youneed to know
need to knowahout modems when runninga BBS. CPS (characters per second] thai the block of data that is sent/received is
What happenswhen modems first link up iscalled This is the rale at which a modem will send called a frame. Error control is done in the
the I.APM (I ink Access Procedure for Modems). information over the phone fines. While this following order

CDMMODORE WORLD 32 Lucky Issue 13

 L, Establishment ofcompatibility forth on the plume lines. lithe dictionary is too Compatibility
2. Data frame formatting big, then the data is lost when it is sent to your Therearetwo main kinds ofcompatibility: ITU-T
3. Hrror correction through Cyclic Redundancy computer. I've proven this on all four of my high (InternationalTelecommunication Union)and
Checking (CRC) speed modems, using four different brands. C.C1TT (International Telegraph and Telephone
■1 Retransmission ofbad frames V.42bis is more efficient for transferring files Communications Committee). You will likely
from one machine to another, be using the ITU-T standards. The other
Ifa bad frame is encountered, then il needs to be V.42bisis more efficient than MNI'2 through Standard is BELL You will have to experiment
reset. ISut it your modem is emptying it's buffer at MNPS compression in part because it with this. As you can see from all of this, the
the time, then the file will be bad. Buffer size dynamically deletes entries that are no longer modem it the most important thing in the
control is VERY important. As always, when you used. In addition, it works better with tiles that system.There are. however some things that are
are the controlling unit in the system, there's a are already compressed, like ZIP files and 8 bit general enough in nature that are universal.
need fordoing this exactly right. As an experiment binary fill's (program and graphic files), which
once, I set my errorcorrection commands wrong. seem to be compressed already to the modem. Buffer Size
Error control relates directly to throughput. The Don't forget thisl Your Commodore has a very
most popular error correction types are; Flow Control defined need for a small receiver buffer. Not all
Flow control is required when the modem speed ofmy modems have selable buffers, which limits
Type Maximum Speed (bps) ishigherthan 1200 baud. Setting the flow control my maximum upload speed. Downloads are
rate higher than the modem connection rate another matter. The modem on the callers end
NONE 300 to 1200 allows lor a higher throughput rate. Here are handles that, making it a moot point for you.
some of the (low control types:
V.22bis 2400 Speed
XON/XOFF software requires slow speeds, 2400 Simply put: faster is better, so spend the money
V.32 speeds up to 9600 {will drop down to baud and lower. now. In a month you'll be happy that you did.
4800 on a had line)
CTS (Clear To Send)requires that your software Navram
V.32bis for 4800 to 14,400. Will fall back to supports CTS. I had to bring up something like that, didn't I?
lower rates when errors abound NAVRAM is the memory that is user accessible
RTS(Ke(jiiesl to Send)thesistercontrolofabove. in the modem. This allows you to set things like
V.42 this is the most popular error Both have to he there to be used. Usually called error correction, buffer sizes, flow control, etc.
correction today. Also supports MNP2 RTS/CTS. The AT commands that you send modems access
through MNP5 the NAVRAM. Most modems will have at least
ARQ(automatfc RepeatRequest) Thisis a general two memories that you can access for this. A
V,42bis an extension ofV.42 thai defines the term for hardware error correction, used by V.42 simple command will allow you to view the
data compression better than V.42 and V,42bis, commands and sellings that are stored in it.
alone This also varies with each modem brand. Many
ASYNC (Asynchronous) length between bits come with several templates stored in the
V.FC newest standard, for.speeds faster than being transmitted is varied, and must be signaled memory that you can modify as you see fit.
14,400 for by both moderns. Some modems have a:switch that will allow you
to have it use the NAVRAM or the factory
MNP2 Microcom Networking Protocol (don't The How controls are both simple and difficult settings when you tarn on the modem.
through askme, 1 just write aboul It.) to understand. As an example, my system will
MNl'5 use ARQwhena user wants to download, bin Verbal vs. Numeric Responses
won't lake ;i Upload using it. I have to switch to This is the difference in what the modern will tell
As you can see, error correction is a bugger to ASYNC for a upload, which will work up to your computer. When you type in ATZ. your
learn to u.se correctly on a BBS. i have had the best '1800 baud. This is related to the buffer sizes modern will respond wiih either a 'OK'oraO A lot
results with V.42B1S, which seems to be the within the modems. Confused yet? Ifnot, then of BUS programs like to use the numeric
standard that Commodores like to use. read on. responses. Does the Job is one ol those.
That should be enough for you to think about
Data Compression Clock Settings until next issue, where I'll continue with the saga
ii tht- modems establish a V.42 connection, then There are three possibilities here. Always use of finding the right modem. In the meantime,
they try for a V.42 BIS connection. If that's Option one ifil is available to you. Ifyou can't set youcancoutact meat any one oft lieses addresses:
successful, try for a MNI1 connection. If that it, then don't worry about it.
works, then they try for MNP5 compression. mephoto (ii^i'iih icob
This is the most important thing in this article: 1. Your modem sets the clock speed. mcphoto@Hzy.nel
DO NOT allow them to establish a compression 2. DTE(data terminal equlpaient}Thecomputer im-pholn@hvai.or]<
protocol higher than V.42! Why? The dictionary (your C-64). mcphtH0@jsajourn.com
is the size of the buffer within the modem that 3. A loop from one modem to the other is used to
stores the information that is traveling bark and time the connection.

February/March 1996 33 COMMODORE WORLD

 Test your game skills with
Gryphon, The Honeymooners,
Apache Strike and Gauntlet II
this game for quite a long period ol followed by the deadly Parklands.
timeand still found it difficult doing I bate to admit ihis. butLoevereven
what the book makessound so easy. made it to the Mystical Woods. And
First of all, in many games ihc first believe me, 1 tried!
level is a sort of I raining level, giving Unfortunately, as interesting and

you plenty of lime lo master the challenging as the play is. I was
skills required to get through the disappointed in the graphics In this
rest of the game. In Gryphon, game. They leave a lot to be desired
however, they don't give you any and detract from the overall
warm-up's—the monsters and experience of such an imaginative
challenges come at you from your story-line. And when you combine
very first slop. No be careful! below average graphics with almost
One of the thrilling (yet insurmountable challenges, the
sometimes frustrating) challenges result is a game that is not only
is that there are monslers to he frustrating, but doesn't hold your
found everywhere in this game, attention for long, either.
including spirits that rise straight However, on the more positive
up from the ground itself. I easily side, it you are the type of person
Gryphon promises to transport you into a got past the beginning monsters who has greal perseverance and
ThcAvalon Hill Game Company whole new world full of magic, only to encounter the poisonous thinks there is no challenge big
Availablefrom SSI mystery, and danger. The only pond. To cross it, you'll need lo enough, and you don't mind the
question is: do you have what it pick up a gold bar and drop il into graphics, then you'll probably wanl
For those of you who may nol be lakes lo keep your Gryphon alive? the pond, go back for another gold lo give Gryphon a shot. If'you enjoy

familiar with ihc word "Gryphon", On the left side of your game bar, and so forth, until you've testing your gaming skills, then
it's a mythical animal typically screen, you'll find gold bars that successfully made yourself a little you will more than likely find il

having the head, forepart, and your gryphon must use as stepping bridge. Picking up and dropping entertaining. I invite you challenge
wings ofan eagle and the body, hind stones in order lo cross the the gold bars may not sound seekers out there to prove me
legs, and lail of a lion. The Avaton poisonous pond. Sounds easy, you difficult, but it does take a while 10 wrong and make it clear through
Hill (lame Company brings yon say? Well, you're wrung—it's not! I master. Once you've made it across to the end without enlisting the
Gryphon, a Commodore (vl game admit, I may not be one oi ihc the pond, you'll enler the Mystical aid of a gaming cartridge or secrci
of fantasy, arcade and adventure." world's best game players, but one Woods where more challenges pokes!

As you [night imagine, this game thing 1 do have is patience. I played await you in the Surreal Cities, ■Sherry Freedline

COMMODORE WDRl-O 34 Lucky issue 13

 GAMES • GAMES • GAMES • GAMES • GAMES • GAMES
°

GAMES • GAMES • GAMES • GAMES • GAMES • GAMES

° ©£\nes ° ©z^es o ©z^es o ©z^obs
GAMES • GAMES • GAMES • GAMES • GAMES • GAMES

characters can be Next, it's Ed's turn to earn some participate in Ralph 'sfivoritegame
enjoyed once again in money for the trip in "Sewer I Will!" show: The $99,000 Answer". 1 Iere
The Honeymooners' At the beginning of this challenge, you'll have a chance to double the
Game by Firs! How a map of the sewer system will money you worked so hard to earn
Publishing Company, appear. As Ed, you'll only have a in the previously completed
Inc. The comedy of lew brief seconds to memorize the challenge, by answering a
Ralph, Alice, Rd, and map before thegusty New York Oiy Honeymooners' trivia question.
Trixte can be breeze takes it from you. Ed must The trivia question gives you a
experienced by one to descend into a manhole to repair choice of four possible answers.
four players on a the many leaks along the sewer lines Pick the correct answer and you'll
Commodore G4 or of the liig Apple. For each repaired double your money: answer
Commodorell!8infi4 leak, Ed earns between SI and $5. incorrectly and allyour hard earned
mode. The mission of In order to claim his pay, Ed must money from the last job goes down
The Honeymooners' tile game is to earn enough train find his way back to the ladder the lubes.
First Raw Publishing (ompany, Inc. fare ($223) within one weeks time before the time expires. All in all, I enjoyed the game. The
Availabhfrom SSI in order to travel from New York "Alice & Trixie do To Pieces" is graphics are cute, but I was
City to Miami for the Raccoon my favorite part of The disappointed in the lack of sound
Tin- Honeymooners1, which Convention. Honeymooners Game.To helpearn effects. At the beginning ofthe game
originated in 1950, introduced the The game provides four dilierent money for the cause, Alice and you are treated to the theme song
world to Ralph Kramden (Jackie money-making opportunities; "No Trixie take on jobs bulldlngpuzzles from The Honeymooners', but
Gleason) and liis wife. Alice (Perl Ifs, Ands, or ISus"." Sewer I Will!". For display in Morgan's aside from a few sirens during "No
Kelton) wiili a two minute .skit 'Alice andTrixieGoTo Pieces", and Department Store. Again, a lime Ifs. Ands. or Bus", that's about it
performed on Jackie Glcason's "The $99,000 Answer". In "No Us, limit is imposed within which you for the sound effects, which in my
"Cavalcade of -Stars". Two years Ands, or Bus", Ralph takes on a lew must properly position the puzzle opinion, detracted a bit from the
later, Audrey Meadows assumed additional bus routes. Assuming the pieces to earn money. For each game, lust a little background music
the role ofAlice and Art Carney (Ed role of Ralph, you must pick up properly plated piece, Alice and would helped a lot.
Norton) and Joyce Randolph wait ing passengers at theirhus stops Trixie earn SI. If liiey manage to 1 really enjoyed reading the 12-
(Trixie) were added to the and drop them offat their requested complete the ptiz/.le before time page manual provided with the
Honeymooners' cast, which wasslill stops. For each discharged expires, they will earn S25. The game. The appendix includes a
a skit on the "Cavalcade ofStars". In passenger, you'll earn between S3 puzzles contain pictures ofthe cast fascinating history of The
1955, The Honeymooners' sketch and Sl!i. But. of course, there's a of The Honeymooners'. ! have Honeymooners', including how the
was turned into its own series, was hitch. Each round is assigned a time always considered myself to be show inspired other sitcom couples
picked up by CBS, and lias since limit. Each time you play this pretty good at building puzzles, but like The Flintslones' and The
became a legend. Audiences were particular portion of the game, the this game requires quick reflexes Rubbles'. The manual also includes
treated to 3!) comedy-filled episodes time decreases. In order to claim and thinking to complete the pictures from e])isodcsof iheclassic
before llie show was cancelled. your hard-earned bus fere, you must puzzles within [he allotted time. I show. If you are a fan of The
The world will never forgetJackie drive your bus back to the bus depot admit that I found it to be quite a Honeymooners', you'll want ibis
Gleason's inl'amous expressions before the time expires. challenge. game to add to your collection.
such as "One ol these days Alice... Occasionally, your neighbor Ed If you're successful at earning ■ Sherry FreecMne
pow! Right to 1 he Moon I" And now. Norton boards the bus. adding to money in any ofthethriT challenges,
over forty-six years later, their your already hectic route. you'll be asked if you'd like to

February/March 1996 COMMODORE WORI_D

GAMES • GAMES • GAMES • GAMES • GAMES • GAMES

GAMe£ GAMES • GAMES • GAMES • GAMES • GAMES

GAMES • GAMES • GAMES • GAMES • GAMES • GAMES

makes it worthwhile. The speed of

Apache Strike
your aircraft is controlled through
Activision
the function keys. The speed will
Availablefrom SSI
need to be adjusted each time you

Wanted: A brave Commodore 64/ dare to make a turn in the narrow

128 ownerpossessinggreatamounts passageways. A help screen is also

ofskUJ, endurance, and courage with available by pressing the Insl./Dcl

an insatiable appetite lor danger. key to remind you of the various

Why7Toseareh three cities fortheir (unctions of the keys.

Strategic Defense Computers From all you have just read, it
(SDCs) controlling nuclear arsenals. sounds like a pretty interesting

The recipient of this quest must also game, right? Well, my expectations

possess llie know-liow lo fly the all were pretty high after viewing

powerful AH-bl Apache attack Apache Strike's packaging and

helicopter, sporting ;i sophisticated reacting the manual, Unfortunately,

radar tracking device and ferocious this game has one major drawback:
firepower. Only llu: must advanced the fact thai the graphics
high-tech equipment can assist this throughout the levels don't change.
daring soul in flying at unspeakable fingertips is an instrument panel the Bearing Indicator's line is al The viewing window provides an
speeds through the paths of featuring nine different indicators 12:00, you're heading straight for ongoing display of skyscraper
skyscrapers while eluding the which continually feed you up-to- the SDC; conversely, the line will outlines with random appearances
oncoming fire of hostile tanks and date information. These indicators be straight down from 6:00 if yon ol enemy tanks and helicopters.
choppers. Due to recent threats of include a sophisticated radar are traveling in the opposite Add in a continual hum from the
total nuclear destruction, the future tracking device to help you locate direction of the SDC. The other helicopter and I found that thegame
safety of the world is at risk. Thus, the enemies and the SDCs. On the instruments keep you informed of lacked the ability to hold my
the challenge ofActi vision's Apache radar screen yon appear as an the number ot remaining attention orget me into the exciting
Strike is posed. unblinking dot, while the SDC helicopters (you get three), mood the game promised.
Apache Strike is a one-player appears as a large blinking ilol and remaining enemies (each level has However, the sheer challenge of
game lor the Commodore fi.|/128. any enemies are represented as a set number), fuel supply, score. success fully maneuvering my AH-
A joystick in pun 2 is also required. small blinking dots. As you can see, speed, and altitude, 64 through the narrow, maze-like
The game begins with the title/ the radar system keeps you safe The joystick is used to ascend, passageways of skyscrapers,
selection screen. This screen from surprise ambushes. The descend, move left and right, and buildings, and overpasses was
providesthe optionsofchanging the Distance and Hearing Indicators to fire bullets. The AH-64 is also enough to persuade me to
game's difficulty level (a choice of keep you informed ofyour distance equipped wilh missiles activated by withstand the repetitious display.
four), viewing the credits, and from the SDC. The smaller the pressing the spacebar. However, Unfortunately, when left to my
viewing the high scorescreens. Once Number on ihe Distance Indicator, keep in mind that each time a devices, the world did not survive.
the game's configurations art set. the closer your are to llie SDC. missile is fired, five points are Perhaps,you possess tile skills I lack
it's lime Eo take to llie high skies! Clock-like in appearance, the deducted from your score. to save the world from total nuclear
The nextscreen places you in side Bearing indicator lets you know if Although it lakes three, missiles lo destruction. Let's hope someone
the cockpit of the awesome Al 1-64 you are traveling in the proper destroy an SDC. the reward ol"2.r>00 docs: I'd like to reach retirement!
Apache Helicopter. Ai your direction towards the SDC. When points and a successful mission ■ Sheny Fradl'me

CDMMODORE WORLD 36 Lucky Issue 13

 GAMES • GAMES • GAMES • GAMES • GAMES • GAMES

GAMES • GAMES • GAMES • GAMES • GAMES • GAMES

GAMES • GAMES • GAMES • GAMES • GAMES • GAMES

character is best for you. throw fireballs and rocks, accurately prepares you for the
After you've selected your disappear, and drain your health. Gauntlel experience. However, the
character, you'll need to [lick The "It" and "That" characters are manual does fail to tell you how
a color. This option is interesting: when "It" hits you, all many mazes are provided in the
provided to allow both the monsters become attracted to game. 1 know this isn't a significant
players to be the same you until you either leave the maze feet, but it would be helpful to know
charactei and easily or touch the other player. "That" how far you are from completing the
differentiated from the will also you chase you around the game. The only other downfall to
other. In two player games, maze. If "That" succeeds in the game is the inability to save
both players work together touching you, he'll take away a games as the mazes are conquered.
battling the villains. So, of special power, potion, or 100 health Losing your life means you have lo
course, you'll get further in points. You'll need all the strength start again al the very beginning of
Gauntlet II the game by enlisting the you can muster, plus any magicyou the game.
Mindscape, Inc. assistance of a friend. can find, to survive your bouts with So. whfil are you waiting for?
Available from SSI The fun begins as you find these fiendish lellows. There are ghosts to scare, lobbers
yourself in a maze fillet! with a Gauntlet II is a fun and addictive to pierce, and sorcerers to curse.
Mindscape, Inc.'s Gauntlet II variety of evil looking characters. game. The graphics and sound are When it conies to games, it doesn't
revives your favorite characters The goal is lo find your way safely just what you would expect from a gel much belter than this!
from the original game for a sequel through the maze to the exit door. commercial software publisher. The ■ Sherry Freedlini'
featuring an all new assortment of Each player begins the game with accompanying manual quickly and
mazes daring to be conquered. All 2,000Health Points; thegame ends
the menacing villains have when you run out of them. Along
return ed along with a fewnew ones your travels, keep an eye out for
which are me;mi'i\ nastier, and food, cider, potions, amulets,
more challenging than ever! treasures, and keys. Finding food
Gauntlet II is played on a and cider results in a gain of 100
Commodore 64 (or 128 in 64 Health Points, while potions and
mode) by one or two players. amulets provide tools to aid in
The game begins with the fighting off the enemies such as
appearance of the character extra armor, magic power,
selection screen. The selection of invisibility, super shots and more.
your character is vital to your Treasures may be good or bad with
success in conquering the mazes. rewards of bonus points, potions,
You may elect to be Thor, Thyra, or a surprise of death, and finally
Questor, or Merlin. Each character the keys enableyou lo unlock locked
differs in their strengths and treasure chests, doors and walls.
weaknesses; Thor (the warrior) has The villains include ghosts,
the best shot while Merlin (the grunts, demons, lobbers, sorcerers,
wizard) excels in magic. You may super sorcerers, death, acidic-
need to play the game a few times puddles, and even "It" and "That".
before you can decide which This team oi ghouls will hil you,

February/March 1996 37 COMMODORE WORLD

 geoKeys
Using an IBM keyboard on your Commodore is easy
with this keyboard interface from Germany.

geoKeys and a ribbon cable ihat connects What's the

C. Mekes Datenspsteme, Birkenstr. 19, lo the User Port. On the opposite Advantage?

85604Zarneding, Germany, Available end [he unit has a DB-25 socket As 1 hinted at earlier,
from Gees Users Club; DM 130,00, that provides for connecting to users who spend their
standard primers (equivalent to a days on a PC keyboard
Tired of using your C-64 orC-128 geoCable printer interface). and then go home to a
keyboard in GEOS? Do you find it
difficull adjusting to one type of How Does It Work?
keyboard at the office and a The geoKeys Interface hooks into
different type at home? If you the User Port on any Commodore The Down-Side...

answered yes to either one ofthese 64/128 computer. Unfortunately, Sadly, the price is the
questions, then geoKeys may just this doesn't allow the new PC main negative aspect of
be the solution thai you've been keyboard to be used unless you the product. It sells for
looking lor. are running a program that has around i:iO,00 DM in
been specifically written to Germany, which is just
What is geoKeys? support the geoKeys interface. In Commodore type may find the under S100.00 US (at current
Very simply. geoKeys is an other words, you'll have to use constant adjustments perplexing. exchange rates). Luckily. AT-style
Interface that lets you use a your normal keyboard for Some users may just prefer a PC keyboards are cheap, and you can
standard IBM AT-style keyboard everything except GEOS (which is keyboard. Others may be attracted probably get a good one easily lor
with your Commodore i>4 or 128 the only program the author to ability to "kick back" with a PC $35.00 or less. If you consider that
computer. It also includes a disk provides patches for). In addition, keyboard on their lap. Any of these the geoKeys interface also doubles
that contains a setup and lesi you'll have to load GEOS using would be a good reason forgetting as a geoCable interface, it takes a
program, and various other your stock keyboard, since the geoKeys. lint there'sone more: the little hit ofthesting out ofthe cost—
utilities that are required to use or geoKeys patches cannot begin EditKeys program supplied with but it's definitely not something
configure the new keyboard and working until alter GEOS Starts the unit wiil let you configure everyone can afford.
interface. Beat in mind that you nmning. function keys to generate The other negative is that
must provide your own keyboard I he lirst time you use geoKeys, keyboard shortcuts—in fact, you there's no English language
forusewiththeinterface.asthisis you'll need to run though a brief can change the definition of manual (at least we haven't been
not provided. Not providing the installation process. This is really almost every key on the keyboard. made aware of one). Users who
keyboard is a good idea, though, quite a simple operation, and just In addition, there's a program have a strong GEOS background
as there is a wide variety of involves copying files from the included called Changekeys that lets should have little trouble, but less
keyboards to choose from, and supplied utility disk to your GEOS you quickly switch between experienced users may have
this lets the buyer make his or her boot ilisk: afterwards, you can run keyboard layouts, and a Reset Keys trouble getting started.
own choice. a test program to make .sure the program to switch you back to Overall, though, the product is
The interface comes housed in keyboard and interface are standard. In addition to all this, the well designed, and will lie a
a box approximately 5 W x 3 V-t" working. Once the installation is disk also contains an input driver welcome addition for those who
x 1 W, On one end youII find a complete, the PC keyboard will be that lets you use the keyboard in want it.
standard AT kevboard connector available whenever you start GEOS. place of a mouse.

CQMMDDDRE WdFU-D 38 Lucky issue 13

 Carrier Detect
Btf- Qaehftte (I.

NOVATER.M9.6

Giving me a new terminal program, especially was left of the t>4's internal memory, the new
one which offers something for everyone, is like buffer is used as a fast RAMDisk, complete with
giving Tim "the Tool-Man" Allen a new power subdi rectories (ifthe user desires). Older versions
drill or Sieve Vender Ark a new GEOS utility to of Novaierm would install RAMDOS if a RAM
test. As crazy as it may sound.! ge! excited when Expansion Unit (RV.V) was detected, and use it as
il comes to this stuff. A new term program with a KAMDisk.This version elegantly combines the
heaps of new features to play with is the kind of function of both buffer and RAMDisk, with the
stuff that really makes it fun to write about benefit that since it uses custom routines, file
telecommunications. transfers are no longer dragged down by
Even though I'm a C-128 owner, I've always RAMDOS. Those without REU's aren't left
made it a point to he as non-biased as possible behind, as Novaterm offers several alternative
and he familiar with the features that different "memory drivers" to use instead, including the
terminals offer (for either Si or 128 mode). l;or f28's VDC memory, [illGram, GEORAM, and
my daily use, I tend logo with one ol'lhc 128 term IMCC partitions for boih the RAMDrive and
programs, but whenNovatermauthorNickKossi Novaterm 9.fi. ihe first thing I noliced vvas that RAMLink. Any of these devices can be used for
offered 10 send me heta versions of his latest I he file name for the Zmodem proloeol no longer the purpose of buffering text, or for file transfers
work, I thought I'd give il a lookowr. hut continue ended with "recv". Not only does Novaterm's that use Ihe buffer.
to use the other terminals in my arsenal as well. Zmodem work lor both uploads and downloads, The buffer menu has I wo columns chockfull of
I lowever, this one suuck up behind me and took it does so reliably. And under proper conditions options, including the ability to view the buffer
me completely by surprise. I'm nol even sure just il will use a streaming mode which continuously directory, where files appear with both their disk
when the transition happened, but I soon found sends or receives data until either the transfer is blocks and bytes listed. Copy options for moving
myself rearranging the way 1 perform my daily complete, or an error is encountered. files to and from the biiflergive the user a menu
BBS and Intcmel access lo use Novaterm 9.fi. Novalerm9.(iisthe(irsi Commodore terminal list of the disk or buffer files to choose from. This
And this was before Rossi made an important program to implement the "^"(streaming mode) makes il easy to prepare ihe buffer if you're
discovery and came up with the "piece de for Ymodcni anil Nmodem Ik protocols. To use planning lo upload files loa ISI1S from il, andjust
resistance" for 128 users. these lo full advantage, you'll need a modem as easy lo copy downloaded (lies to a disk drive.
Novalennii.ii, (lie first ever commercial version capable of hardware flow control and error Rossi also added many of the file translation
ofthis term program, has something lor everyone; correction when at speeds higher than 4800 bps. methods that are in the Disk Operations menu,
from inexperienced users to the modem "jocks" Ymodem-g is the impressive speed demon of ihe like the familiar ASCIT-to-PETandPET-to-ASClI
who actually keep track offheirCPS rates. And ii\ new choices, butit has thedistinctdisadvantageof translations. Taking it a few steps further, new
not just for Commodore 64 users anymore. aborting if any errors are cncouulcred. translations have also been added that will be
Hand in hand with the new protocols is helpful lo Internet users, includinga l'l;T-to-l 'NIX
Support Protocols and RAMDisks Novaterm'sbuffer.TheCornmodore isn't capable (the ASCll-to-PET translation does UNIX
Those who have used Novatcnn !l.!i are quite of receiving from the modem and writing to a translations at the same time). Also included is
aware that this terminal program broke new physical disk a! the same lime, so it's necessary lo the ability lo create and decode uuencoded files,
ground offering Zmodem. which functionedonly use the buffer for file transfers in order to take from either ihe disk or buffer menus. Another
for downloads, and even then it didn't always advantage of the new protocols. Once a barely lisefili feature is the ability to read text files from
work for some users. When I took a look at adequate 9k tew-only convention that used what ihe buffer using either tlie^iO or 80 column fonts.

February/March 1996 39 COMMODORE WORLD

Hew Serial Port Support complaint, as it's kind ofsiily lo use an emulation sessions. The inslructionsfor creating script files
The first lime I checked out Novaterm 9.6, one of of8() column mode when they have ihereal thing havebeenrewrittenaudaremucheasiertofollow.
llie first things that caught my attention was that il available. Without this minor "handicap", many These take the user through a complete tutorial
offersmereserial port driversthan I knew existed! 128 users would probably be very happy to take on creating scripts, and provides detailed
In addition to supporting the standard user port advantage of the newer protocols and speed of descriptions of the many commands it uses.
interface and different Swiftlank cartridge lile transfers. With the addition of ho column
configurations (slock, $DF00 and $0700), VDC screen drivers, Novaterm no longer has this Keeping it All Tied Together

Novatensalso supportsthe HART cartridge,which "handicap". Yes, if you have a C128 computer, Something that any veteran Novaterm user will
gives the term program the ability to use modem you can have 80 columns and 2MHz when in the notice immediately is that the terminal
speeds up to 57.6k bps. Additionally, a new terminal mode. The computer must be in 64 emulations, ASCII translations and fonts are all
cartridge manufactured by Performance mode when Novaterm is used, but 128 users can lied together. So. when you change from one
Perrpheralslnc. called theCommPortissupported. diooseo^ oftwoVDC drivers (25 or 28 line)and emulation to another, all the other associated
TheComml'oriissimilartotheSwiftl.inkinlhatil whenever entering llie terminal mode, switch modules are loaded along with the emulation.

is a UART serial cartridge This was one of die stumbling

capable of 38.4K bps, but il is blocks users often encountered
in older versions because it
specially designed Co allow "Novaterm 9.6, the first ever commercial
BllC.ram and GEORAM wasn't always immediately

owners to use these devices

version of this terminal program, has obvious that when you changed
emulations thai you also had lo
while modeming. But that'snoi something foreveryone; from inexperienced
the last of the new serial port change the ASCII table or font.
drivers, as Rossi also included users to the modem "jocks"... And it's not The way this is implemented
now takes out the guesswork,
support for Daniel Dallmarm's just for Commodore 64 users anymore."
DP960O, a modified user porl leaving the user to do more
interface that allows modem important things.
speeds up to 9600 baud,
through the user porl (yes, even on the C64). The their monitors to 80 column mode. During lile Making it Easy for New Users

information for modifying existing interfaces can transferor when the user has enlered a command Selling upa terminal program can bea daunting

be found in the coinp.sys.cbm PAQSfes or on the that requires them to switch to 40 column mode, task for a new user, but Novalerm fl.fi makes it
World Wide Web at http://rpooll.rus.uni- the computer switches down to 1 MHz mode, and easy with a Configuration program which
stiittxart.de/~etkl 0217.pmj.html. a message is flashed on the screen to remind the automatically loads the first time the program is
user to flip the switch on their monitor. used. This lakes the user step-by-slep through
New Screen Drivers Novalerm i)ii has kept its familiar menu the process of selling Up the many oplions. The
Keeping up with incoming lexi from the modem interface, but behind llie menus there are many Configure program uses both graphics and texl
while not losing any characters in the process is new touches that may not be readily noticeable, lo prompt the user about their modem, serial
something of a challenge when using the R0 bul make for a very complete program. interface, and memory devices. If a user makes
column font in Novaterm. It's been a challenge hardware choices that don't normally function
thai Rossi has battled since the advent of 240(1 In Support of Partitions well together (such as an unmodified RAMI.ink,
baud moderns for the Commodore, mid served as Novaterm allows the user to define which devices Swifll.ink and REU), the user is warned and
an excellent stepping stone to dealing with the they want to use for specilic tasks, such as having offered the chance to make other choices. For
faster modems In use today. To keep up with llie different drives used for uploads or downloads those of us who have made changes to our
modem while drawing text on the screen, Rossi (these can be the same device or two separate hardware, there's a kind of "Leave me alone. 1
has added a "fast-REU" screen driver for use with ones). This isn't exactly new to the program, but know what I'm doing" option. The Configure
the 80 column fonts. This driver lakes advantage what is new is the ability to define different program auto-detects whether a user is using a
of the REU's direct memory access capabilities, partitions for storage devices like the RAMDrive C128 or C64, and adds appropriate choices for
and improves llie speed that text can be displayed or CMD'sRAMI,ink and hard drives. This ability ihe memory oplions as well a,s asking whether
on thescrmi without losingcharacters.Forthose was also added lo Novalerm"s BBS mode, bul set Ihey will be using the computer's 80 column
without an RliU, llie speed of screen writes has up slightly differently. The BBS mode allows the mode. Those who wish to use Novaterm's 80
also been increased, using a scroll ahead feature sysop lo pre-define multiple directories or column emulations are shown ihe two different
which replaces the former (and sometimes partitions thai me caller can access. In this case, font styles the term uses (.standard or wide) and
confusing) single, double or triple scroll option. though, it requires that the sysop give the directories asked to pick the one they prefer. Once the feat
names thai are displayed to the caller. has been selected, the user is given the option lo

The "Piece de Resistance" toggle through cobrcholeesferboth the character

for 128 Users Other Improvements and background colors, wilh llie 80 column font

liT were to ask Commodore 128 owners to name Other areas of Novaterm have also been shown on the screen. This addition makes it easy
one reason they would give Novaterm a miss, it improved. The text editor has block cut. copy and lo tind just therighlcolor combination forreadiug

would have to be llie emulated 80 column fonts. delete functions. The text editor is also used to text online. Once the end of the Configure
C128 users who have come to appreciate the SO createandcompilescripl files, which allows more program is reached, it saves the users answers to
column mode oi the computer have a legitimate experienced users to automate their online disk and loads Novalerm, ready for use.

COMMODOFE WORLD Lucky Issue 13

 The manual for Novaterm 9.6 is supplied in cartridge to order and plug in will make it much products that I'l'l carries, such as the
printed format and lias been completely easier for some people to gel started with CommPort. Those who have registered the
rewritten. While not condescending in any way, telecoms. The program is available instantly shareware version of Novaterm will he offered
the manual starts off geared towards the new and any modules needed are loaded quickly, the product at a reduced price, which wasn't
user, tubing tin1 reader through using the even for those with very slow disk drives. People available at press time.
uiufifiiiniiiori program, settingup the program who have only a 1541 disk drive will have the Novaterm 9.6 is the kind of program that
and then i'\plnriiii; each nieiiii oi the program most to gain, since it will also give them more makes telecommunications easy and fun. It
individually andin depth without being overly disk space for other things. has something for everyone, aside from the
technical. Different aspectsofmodeming. such The disadvantage of using a cartridge lor ihe fact it comes in the form of a cartridge. For
as uploadingand downloading files are covered term program is that the cartridge port for many C64 owners, it gives the opportunity for better
in detailed, easy to follow steps for each users, isthe busiest slot in the computer holding and faster communications, and for 1128
protocol that Novaterm supports. Since many our "extra memory" and our UART interfaces. owners especially, it fills the gaps between
people have more than one computer, the This adds yet another addition to this port, and oilier terms thai each have great offerings but
manual also covers how to transfer files uslog in such cases some users will need an expander, have been lacking in one feature or another.
B mill modem. which adds to the cost of the product. Another Now excuse me, I'm going lo go watch
disadvantage is thai unless used with an another Zinodem upload and marvel al how it
Novaterm: The Cartridge expander that has a switch to make it active (or wasn't so long ago that lliis wasn't possible on
Novaterm 9.6 doesn't corneonadisk, nor does it in active), the cartridge will have to be manually a Commodore.
come as files that need to be downloaded and plugged in whenever the user wants to use it,
dissolved; instead. il\ a cartridge. Peter l-'iset of adding wear and iear lo the computer. This is
Performance Peripherals, Inc. designed the my only grumble about Novaterm 9.6. and I No i 'tiicrni 9.6 u 'ill beava Uabkfiom Pajbrmaru t
hardware and will add Novaterm to the line of don't think I'll be alone in my lack ofenthusiastic Peripherals, Inc., 5 Upper Loudon Rd,
Commodore products they cam1. about the new format.
Loudonvilk, NY 12211, phone: 1-800-EASY-
There are advantages to having a terminal A cartridge port expander will be offered
1VEB, or direct from Nick Rossi, 10002 A urora
program in a cartridge. Long term BBS and with Novaterm as part of i!s "base" package.
Ave. N. #3353. Seattle, WA 98133 USA.
Internet users may disagree, lint having a Ii will also he ollered bundled with oilier

Need Input? It Doesn't Get Any Better Than This,

For years, Commodore set the standard with the 1351
Mouse. Sure, it was vastly superior to using the old
digital input devices like the 1350 mouse, joysticks or
imitation trackballs. But everything can be improved.
Guaranteed 100% 1351-compatible. SmartMouseand
SmartTrack do everything the C-1351 does and more!
These highly intelligent, three-button input devices
includeabuilHnbattery-backed Real-Time Clock, along
with double-click and Turbo leaiures lor GEOS. Plus,
they come wilh a complete set of utilities for using the
clock in GEOS and BASIC applications. Modern
ergonomic designs make these devices smooth
operators that are a pleasure to use. So. if you're tired
of the slow, erratic movement of your current input
device, make the intelligent choice and pick up a
SmartMoiise or SmartTrack today!

SmartMouse and SmartTrack— the Best C-64/128 Input Devices Ever!

Three buttons means convenience! It you're a GEOS user, the reft SmartMouse/SmartTrack utilize the same advanced technology
button is configured as single click, the right as a handy double used in today's powerful 486 and Pentium PC's, providing you with
click and the center button isthe TURBO button. When depressed, unparalleled accuracy and smoothness.
it doubles the speed at which the pointer moves across the screen.
Additionally, programmers can assign their own functions to all Built-in battery-backed Real-Time Clock automatically sets the GEOS
three of the buttons.
clock, displays time and can be used in your own programs.
Includes utilities disk and detailed manual explaining Ihe utilities
Unlike other third party mice or trackballs, the CMD SmartMouse and programming information.
and SmartTrack trackball use the same custom gate array chip as
the Commodore C-1351 mouse to guarantee 100% compatibility. Attention Lefties! SmartMouse can be altered for left handed use.
Don't be fooled by the oid style digital "trackballs". These only
Switches easily into joystick emulation mode on power-up by
perform as well as a joystick. SmartTrack uses analog Inputs for
holding down the right button.
greater accuracy.

February/March 1996 41 COMMODORE WORLD

 An Interview with

Nick Rossi
The Programmer Behind Novaterm

Bu Qaeiiute K-

Nkk RQS&i, tinllinr of Ni

Even iliougli Nick Rossi is in Seattle, Washington, and I'm down under Every now and then someone mentions something. It's mostly for my
in Australia. I was able to interview him by E-Mail and ask him some of own personal amusement. This time, however, I put in a little note about
the questions I've often wondered when using his Novaterm program. fighting government interference on the Internet, in light of recent
Xickisa 23 year-old programmer for a small start-up company in Seattle, attemplsat ridiculous, pathetic, First-Amendment-violating regulations.
Washington. He received bis Bachelors degree in Engineering from
1 larvey Mudd College, where lie also completed several versions of the What do you see in the distant horizon for Novaterm?
term program. A: Right now I'm going lo wait and see what kind of response the
cartridge gets. If there's a good response, and if there are new
Since Novaterm 9,6 is on cartridge, the users defaults will have lo be features it really needs, then I'll consider yet a new version. For now,
saved lo disk, correct? Arc there any otherfiles that willalso be on disk? though, there are other commitments (outside of computers) in my
A: The configuration defaults, phone books, and function key files life that I'd like to spend time on. I know there's a lot of activity right
all get saved to disk. The cartridge autostarts (it Starts running now toward developing a SLIP interface for the Commodore, and
as soon as you turn on the computer) and tries lo load the while I'd love to get involved in that—it would he perfect for
configuration from the first available device number. Novaterm—I'm going to abstain and watch what others come up
with.
Docs it search other devicesfor the configurationfiles too?
A: It will search all the devices until it finds one. a When did you first begin using a Commodore?
A: 1984 (1 was 12). Prior to that, I had aT199/4A.! never thought thejump
Ilave you used the cartridge•with expanders and are thereany coullicts or from a 16-bit computer to an 8-bit computer could be so incredible.
problems to he aware of?
A: I've been using CMD's port expander for a while without any trouble. Q: When did you start modeming and what was considered 'state oj the art"
at the lime?
My first modem wasa Commodore 1660 that i got forChristmas 1985.
Q: Will previously registered users have to purchase 9,6? A:
A: The cartridge will be available to registered users at a reduced price. At that time, not even theC128or Amiga were out yet. so the C64 was
The exact price hasn't been nailed down yet. IT... at least, I thought so!

Q: Can Novaterm 9.6 bepurchased without the cartridge? Q; How old is Novaterm? When did you start it?
A: No. Call it "advanced copy protection". A: 1 started it that same Christmas ] got the modem. I remember the
modem came with a term program called "Common Sense" which 1
Q; ]Vithtlicslreamingpnitoco!s.howdacsit"bww"ifanerrorhasoccurrcd? hated. Xmodem downloads would not work, and it had no Punter
A: When there's a bad CRC, sync error, etc. Any of the typical protocol. I decided then that I would have to write my own program.

Xmodi'in-slyle errors thai would normally cause a block to be re as 1 had done to accomplish countless other little tasks. I was
tried, instead abort the transfer completely. That's the standard enthralled enough by bulletin boards that I also started writing UBS
with the -g protocols. software at the same time. What can 1 say? I was very ambitious. The
BUS eventually went on-line, from October 198IS until August 1989.
Q: The opening screen for Novaterm has had a different phrase over tin- I let the software go after that.
years, Some are about Commodore computing, or about computing in
general. Do you everget feedbuckjrom users about these? When didyou Q: Do you recall what your first goals far the program were? What were its key
Mart this? features then?

Lucky Issue 13
CDMMDDDRE WORLD
 A: I Wasted a program environment that was organized sensibly and lots of features to it since then, mainly just the things 1 needed
had a bit ofaesthetics loit. Xone of the term programs available at when I needed them. It's been very useful having the source code
the time had the features I wanted, and some of them looked to the assembler: it makes code-writing that much easier.
downright horrible.I also realized ihai in order to support different
protocols and modems, I'd have to separate [hem into loadable 0.' Would il he agoodguess lhalyouhavcy; Novalerm scrip! formwitigthe'files
modules. The other programs tried to cram everylhing into memory n cross to the Commod0 ir 7
at once, and 1 knew they'd have nowhere to go once they used tip A: Actually. I just use the Zmodem auto-download feature. All 1 have to
the IS4K. Of course, the modules concept turned out to be do is initiate the transfer from the PC.
instrumental in allowing Novalerm to support a wide variety of
features.

Q: Was Novaterm alwaysyour own program?'Which camefirst, thei Novalerm

writtenjotthe128oryours, and ds they have anything in common?
A: I started writing Novalerm early in 1986. In those early years, I
worked on it with a friend named Randy Parker, who provided a
lot of ideas. Eventually, his interests look him elsewhere, and I
continued with the program. That was before I had access to the
national on-line services (like Quantum!.ink and GEnie), so I had
only spread the program around locally. The following year,
someone on the east coast wrote a 128 lerm program and also
called il "Novalerm". Because my Novaterm was not on any on
line services at the time, the author of the other one had no way of
knowing he had chosen Ihe same name. Not longafler he released
his program, he gave up on Commodore computers altogether, so
there was never much of a problem willi the name, other than
some occasional confusion by various people. But ihe two programs
have nothing to do with each oilier.
'tmh:.\ Xinvlerm 'lit I irtrittge.SmjILiHk. I7MKM!andPI'U-ilolexpander.

Q: What versions ofNovaterm were completed whileyou were in college? Q: How many hours a day do you spend programming?
A: I finished Novaterm 8.0 just before going off to college. During A: Anywhere from 6 to 16 hours. 1 have a real job, which takes priority,
college I released versions 8.2, 9.0, 9.1,9.2, 9.3, and 9.4. at a rate of and it depends on which days I feel like working on Novalerm. That's
about one version peryear. I finished version 9.5 afler Iliad been oul the main reason why it has been about one and a half years since ihe
of school for awhile. last version.

Q: How difficult was it to study ami work on Novaterm at the same time? Q What arc your reasons for changing Novalerm from shareware to a
A: Work on the program went slowly because I went to a demanding com mercialproduct ?"Doyou have any comments on thes ubjecl ofsha reu 'are ?
school and I had a lot of other things going on. A: Novalerm actually did fairly well with shareware—I haven't heard
of another ("64 program that has done as well with it. Bui there's
Q: What is your computer set up today? a lot of lime invested in the program. I've always been the kind of
A: lh;ivcaJillylU>SsedCM.lwol28\2]54]Vil571,al581,SwifHink. person who has too many interests and not enough lime for them
IIART cartridge, REU, BBGRam, RAMDrive, RAMl.ink,a 2400baud all, so in order to justify spending the time on Novaterm, i needed
modem, and a 14.4 modem. the prospect of making some money from il. I admit that freely;
I'rnadyed-in-the-woolcapilahst, and I think that creating a product
Q: When didyou make the transitionfrom coding on the C64 to using a cross of value and being rewarded for il is one of the noblest efforts a
assembler? And why? person can undertake. 1 know that older versions of Novalerm
A: I got my lirsl IBM clone just before going to college. It was an old have been of value to people, and the new one is so much more
8 MHz XT (not old by the standards of those days). I picked up a powerful, it's going lo be worth more to them.
null modem cable, and soon I was editing and assembling source
code on the PC and transferring it to the 64. 1 went that route
because it was much faster than using ihe Commodore. I couldn't Novaterm 9.6 Sources
afford any real peripherals for the Commodore (being in college)
Performance Peripherals, Inc.
so ihe PC was ihe perfect choice. Since then, I'vejusl transferred
5 Upper Loudon Rd
my stuff'along as ! upgraded my PC.
Loudonville, NY 12211
Phone: 1-800-EASY-WEB.
Q: What cross assembler do you use?
A: I found the C source code to a German-written assembler. I don't Nick Rossi
10002 Aurora Ave. N. #3353
recall what it was called. I took the source code, taught myself C.
Seattle, WA 98133 USA.
and started changing il to make it easier for me to use. I've added

February/March 1996 43 COMMODORE WORLD

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 READBYTE

inj. Mcuviice Randall

There may come a lime when you are working on an application and find registers to be loaded with the track, sector, and memory address. The
a need to do file accessing for various reasons. Maybe your application will vaiuesyoti originally placed in rlL. rll I, ami r-1 were not altered when the
have the capability to display text files to thescreen, or maybeyou jost need block was read in, so there is no need to load those valuesagaiuunlessyou
a method for reading data from a file. GEOS provides us with many did something in the meantime to change them, or you want to write to
different ways lor reading files, so we'll take a look at some of these. a different sector or from a different poiu! in memory.

Opening A File Reading One Byte At A Time

Most of you are familiar willi opening and closing files from BASIC You Whenever 1 need to read bytes from a file, a favorite GEOS kernal routine
might also be aware of the problems that can arise if a newly created file is of mine is called ReadlSyte. This allows you to read one byte at a time from
not properly closed a file. Didn't I just say that you can't read one byte at a time? Well, yes and
The 64 and 128 both have kernal routines for openingaud closing files, no. When you call Keadltyte, it will actually read the whole sector into
and the machine will keep track of those open files for you. These kcrual memory and then place the first data byte (actually the third byte of the
routines are known as'OPEN'aad'CLOSE'. These are the routines that sector) from that sector into the accumulator for you. The next call to
BASIC will access when reading or writing a file. You would also access ReadlSvte will put the second data byte into the accumulator and so on.
these from machine language. At the same time, the drive will keep track Only the first call will actually access the drive, while each additional call
of an open file until it is properly closed. So technically, the computer is will read from memory until you reach ihe last Inleofthe block, at which
opening a file and so is the drive. Also from machine language, you can point another read access will occur to fetch the next block in the chain.
bypass the OPEN and CLOSE routines and access the drive directly to tell UeadByte will do all the hard work for you, so all you have to do is
il to open and close the desired files. This way. the kernal routines are not preserve a few pointers in between calls. Those are rll., rll I. r<t, and r5.
managing the files, only the drive is. Your own software routines would These pointers must also be properly set up before the first call to
now be in charge of keeping track of which files are open. ReadByte. So, let's say we want to read the byles from a file. Kind the
In GF.OS. we take a completely different approach. A file is never really starting sector from the file's director)' entry and place this track and
opened as far as the drive is concerned. The opening and closing of (iles sector intorlLandrlH, respectively. Then load r4 with the 256 byte page
is completely handled within the computer. Most of the time, il will be of memory that you want Readliyle to work willi, which would normally
your own program thatmust keep track ofthe files thatareopen. This will be diskBlkBuf. Then load the two bytes at r5 with zero which will tell
be easier to understand as this article progresses. ReadtSyte that the sector is not yet in memory. Let's look at the whole
Whenever you read or write to the drive, it is most always done in routine and then discuss il some more:
blocks of 256 bytes. You can't just read one byte from a sector. You
must read the whole sector into memory and then read the desired byte ReadEuamplE;

from memory. Reading a sector is very simple. Just load rll. with the LoadllJ i i ■ .ii'iiamp

track, rll I with the sector, and r4 with the address in memory where jsrFlndFilD

you wish the sector to be placed. Then call Get Block to do the work for txa

you. This is how the code would look to read in track 18. sector 1 and bne OBI
MoueB dir£ntryBuf+l,rlL
place it at disklilkiSuf;
MoubB [lirEntryBuf*2,NH

LoarJB rll_,«18 Loacllll i l. 'dr,s ';n !Sn:

LoadB rtH,»t LoadllJ r5,#0

inadUJ r-t,#u!sk8lkBuf IBS

jsr GelBlock jsr ReadFSyle

cpx #0

Now you will have all 256 bytes from that sector in memory and you can beq 2BS
manipulate it however you wish. If you want to write it back to disk, a CPU #BUFFER_OUERFLOUJ

simple call to PutBlock will do this for you. Pullilock expects the same hnpIDS

46 Lucky Issue 13
COMMODORE WORLD
 rls

2BS

... ;dn ujhateuer you

... ;iuant uiith the data

... ;al ttlts point.

bra IBS

jmp DoError

filename:

.byte MyFile1 ,B

The firsl thint; you need lo do, as the example illustrates, is to find the
desired file on the disk. Of course, we need lo also know what the
filename tS that we're looking for. If this is always going to be the same
CKit 94!
file, our program can be coded with the filename, as in the example. It's Cool
CKit 94 is a powerfol colleclion of backup utilities designed lo take
Otherwise, you could prompt the user for a filename or allow the user
advantaRe of Ihe expanded Commodore systems of the 90"s. In fact
td select a file from :i ilirin lory listing or a dialogue box. In any case, the the CKil is so advanced, we recommend it (inly for certain
GEOS routine FindFile will locale the file in the directory and place the Commodore systems.
directory eniryinlodirlinlrvBui lor us. Now we know wiiere the slarling
If You Have One Of These
track and sector is because it is always ihe 2nd and 3rd bytes of the Commodore 64, 64C, 128, or 12BD
directory entry. The example then sets the parameters thai ReadByte And One Of Three
needs and llie rending begins. CMD RAMLink, PPI RAMDrive, or a 17XX REU with JiffyDOS
And At Least One Of These
Always check for disk errors. Pindfile will return an error in the .x
Commodore 1S41/1571/1581 or any CMD Storage Device
register ifone occurred. As long as .x=0then no error occurred and we can • YOU NEED THE CKIT 94! •
safely assume thai the file exists. If an error Occurred, a branch lo 90S will
occur and then a jump to our own error handling routine that will inform It's Mean
CKil 94 can view, select, and copy over 1,000 files! It can also copy
the user of the error.
entire 41/71/81 disks in ONE pass. It can even mate the next copy
likewise, ReadByte will also return an error in .*. so as long as .x = 0 directly from RAM. With the CKit you can squeeze over 700 files into
there will be a valid byte from the file in the accumulator. The error an archive. Even more, you can squeeze your 41/71/S1 disks dnd
known as UUFRiR^OV lilt FLOW has a different meaning with ReadByte CMD partitions into backup files. All of this power is at your
command through .in easy in use menu driven interface.
than it would normally have if generated from some of the other GEOS
routines. When ibis error occurs, it simply means lhat the end ofthe file, Tilo Utilities
Filemaster file copier and Ihe Archiver file squeezer
or the end of the chain of blocks has been reached. Ai this point, our
Pislt Utilities
example ends.
Procopy disk copier and the 41/71/81 /Native Boa disk squeezers
I'sint; ReadByte is nice because il doesn't necessarily read until Ihe last BBS Utilities
byte ofthe last seclor in the chain. It pays attention lo the first two bytes New Dissolver SDA maker and fast PD Decompers
of the las! sector. The first byie will always bea zero ant! the second byte
It's Belter
points lo I he Issl byte of the file. This is where the reading stops. The next CKit 94 has 2 X faster and tighter compression lhan in previous
access to ReadByte will generate the 8OFFERJ3VERFLOW error. versions. Alf of ihe utilities have been enhanced for power and speed.
Plus, it has three new powerful utilities. And it takes full advantage of
Commodore 128's and REU's. Wow!
Reading VLIR Files

This sort of file reading works fine with a sequential type GKOS file or
J Commodore 1341/1571/15U1 Drives
a non-G EOS file. Rut what if theGEOS file isaVl.lR file? In this case, the
J CMD Hard Drives/Floppy Drives/RAMLinks
file is stored in a series of one or more records, with the pointers lo ihe J PPI RAMDrives
starling block ofeach record stored in a single seclor known as ibeVUR J Commodore 128 VDC RAM Support (16K and fi4K)
index. You could load this index into memory and have access to each 7 Commodore 128 2MHz Enhanced Mode Support
■/ Commodore 17XX REU Support (up lo K.Meg)
of these pointers, or you could have GEOS manage the record handling ■J KAMI ink and RAMDrive DACC Support (up to 16Mea)
for you. VLIR files are fairly commonly used in GEOS. GeoWrite data
files are stored this way. Each page of the file is stored in it separate Set Your Copy Mow!
CKit 94 is available at fine Commodore mail order outlets such as
record. This makes it easy to jump to any page ofthe file. GeoPainl also
Creative Micro Designs. You may also order directly from us.
stores il's files in the VLIR format. Thai is how GeoPainl can easily
move up and down through the file as you use the scrolling tool. There Encloie Chuk oi Monty OrJir for: Mad Man Software, Inc.
isn't enough memory to load an entire Geol'aint page into memory, so CKil 94 S39.9S (Update S9.9S) pint MM East College Drive
this method is a good way around the problem. We will study VLIR files Shipping $S US jnd CimJi (SI0 Foreign) Cheyenne, WY 82(107
Updile met Key frgm eirlier (inion (307)f,32-ii7S Information
in ihe next issue.

February/March 1996 47 COMMODORE WORLD

By. %aui& PankUwvit

As the newest member ofthe Commodore World and LISP. Forthe IBM compatible world. BASIC and relative files. Complicated math (such as
uritmgcrew, I'd like to use thisarticle to introduce was there right at the beginning; the first producl complex number mathematics) has to be written
myselfand talk about this column's purpose and Bill Gates ofMicrosoft fame created was a BASIC in, rather than included as part of the language.

Focus, My name is David Pankhurst, I live in interpreter. Since then, BASIC has accompanied And the simple commands are fine for simple
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, and I'vejust taken the release of every major computer on the tasks, bul if you wish to vary anything, the task
over lilt' coliiinn duties from Mr. Backer. Tills is market. With this popularity came more power becomes more difficult. One example is printing
not my first foray into computer magazines; and versatility as commands were added and at the bottom right corner of the screen without
besides having written a column for the Compute enhanced, until BASlCof today stands as robust forcings screen scroll; it can be done with POKHs,
Magazine disk until its demise. I've worked on and all-purpose as any other language. but not by the PRINT command alone.
various programming and technical writing What about the C64 and C128 versions ol the
projects for other magazines in the Commodore language? Their BASIC has a very rich command Basically, a Great Language

field, as well as my own programming projects. set, allowingyou to work wit hthecomputer easily That's the bad news. Now the good. No one
Like many of the readers of this magazine, I and concisely (although a major exception would computer language can be ail things to allpeople.
went through a secies ofcomputers before settling be the I'OKliing needed to gel the C64 sound and Where BASIC is weak, other languages excel; but
on the Commodore 64. In the early eighties, there graphics running). The C128 comes with greater the reverse is also true. For one thing. BASIC is

were a lot ofchoices but little compatibility. This functionality, having a BASIC that holds its own concise. Take a simple example from C
meantquitean investment, notjustofmoney but even today. And unlike other computer systems, programming:

oftime speni learning a new system each time a it's built in, ready to run on startup.

small company closed. My first real computer That's not to say there aren't disadvantages INCLUDE <STDLl!t.H>

wastheTimex-Sinclair 1000. with2,048 bytes of with the language. For instance, many BASICs ^INCLUDE <5TU1O.H>

memory for programming. Next came the Radio are interpreted, rather than compiled. The text
Shack iVK-10. ;i computer few people may that we understand as BASIC has to be converted INT MA1N0 (

remember (and even fewer bought). Then, my into commands that the computer understands: f
prideandjoy. my C64. Although I've worked on this translation can be done once (compiled) or PR[NTl'("llello,Worldl");
other computers, I can honestly/say thatl've never every time the computer program is run RETURN (0);

invested so much time learning, or learned so (interpreted).

much from iinyother.system. Happily. I can focus The disadvantagecomeswitli all tlie checking
interpreters have to do. trying to catch code The same program in BASIC is
on it again in tliis column.
mistakes suchasPOKI-ingtoa negative location,
or writing out of bounds on an array. PRINT"Hello World!"
From its Humble Beginnings...
Bui enough about me—now the column. BASIC Conversions add their penalty too, as the
as a language has a long and varied history. computer takes our version of keywords, Not only would you gel this example running

Invented about forty years ago, it stands for numbers, symbols, and such, and converts them faster than the C version, but you would have
to computer representations (floating point less maintenance to do. if fact, you wouldn't
Beginner's Allpurpose Symbolic Instruction
Code. Although the acronym is somewhat numbers are notoriously slow examples). This even consider saving this example, it's so easy

contrived (all programming languages can be ;ill adds a time penalty that's felt when run. to rewrite. BASIC assumes a loi about the
considered symbolic instruction codes), the Additionally, BASIC can't do everything well. system, allowingyou to put together;) standard

main point is that il was intended for beginners, For one thing, it's not efficient with memory. A program fast. !n C the computer assumes less,
and thai was how il was taught at universities. Il Commodore BASIC program resides in memory so you're forced to tell it where the data is
became one of the 'classic' languages developed in a semi-compacted form, taking up more room going, how to set it up, and even split the

in the fifties that has survived the years well, than if it was compiled. Working with input and program into sections <MA1N() for instance,

along with others such as COBOL, FORTRAN, output can be awkward—look at screen input isn't a command, hut a direct ion to the compiler

COMMODORE WORLD 4B Lucky Issue 13

thai this is the main part of the program), toC you're tweaking aprogranx Uttle changes take as Commodore programming arena you've wanted
this flexibility lias its advantages, but BASIC, longto compile as major ones, but take no tirneat to do, but weren't sure about, or if you jusi want
with lesser flexibility, can product smaller all to edit and run with an interpreted language. another viewpoint, send me aline to the address
programs. liASIC also benefits from its beginner roots. located at the end of I his column. Of course, this
Secondly, BASIC adds strong error checking, Noonehiis problems learning whall'RIN'T. RUN. column hasn't the space to write whole programs,
[fyou overflow an array, BASIC tells you. Same or LOAD does, liul many languages have but often only a small (hunk of code is needed to
with dividing by zero, or writing to a device problems in that area. Take a look at some cryptic solve a Specific problem. In addition. I hope to
that is nui open. With a significant amount of C keywords: "EXTERN", "»=", and "STRUCT cover some of the ihornier programming
rime spent debugging software (in the (I really like C—honestly 1 do— its jusi thai it is challenges, suchas higher math, sottingandsuch;
programming profession, it's been estimated such an opposite to BASIC in so many ways that things that no one really wants to learn to gel a
that 50% of the time on a project can be spent it makes for great examples). And just type job done, but sometimes needs to. I lope you
debugging software that only look 17% of the I'KUNT or PRIN, and you'll spot the mistake enjoy it. and I'm looking forward lo this
time to write), the difference adds up. Hrror immediately, but not soeasily in other languages. opportunity lo help us all explore our BASIC
messages are a blessing in programming, Try Instincts!
working with a language that tells you nothing What's in Store
when an error occurs, such as machine This only touches on a few o( ihe advanlages ol
language, and you'll be convinced ofthe lime it this language. I'm delighted to have this column
saves you. to present ways lo make BASIC do things you
Third. BASIC on the Commodore computers need to do. In linewith that, next month we begin
is interpreted. This is a disadvantage in speed of by looking into routines to perform common
David Pankhurst
execution, but an advantage in programming. tasks. The fotusofthiscolumn will be how BASIC
c/o Commodore World Magazine
While compiler users are writing a program, programming can solve common problems;
P.O.Box 646
running it through a compiler, testing it, and however, this focus is malleable. Ifenough readers
repeating the cycle, an interpreter user can lest (or even one interesting and articulate one) wish
East Longmeadow, MA
out several options, running the results to look at a particular BASIC programming task. 01028-0646
immediately. Thi.s is especially noticeable when I'll consider it. If there are things in the

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February/March 1996 CQMMODDRE WORLD

 Peripheral Vision
By $U

THE CASSETTE CONNECTION

The cassette tape peripheral, or Datasette, as little finagling, you can arrange a handy
Commodorecalledit.seeimtobe a useless leftover medium-power output.
from the early 8-bit days. Yel many people siill
use ii, especially in Europe, and ttie connector is 4. You can use the port for general data input and
still there and useful in many ways. Ii has two output. Those input aniloutput linesaregenerally
power connections: one was lor ihe Datasette's usable. The input line, in particular, is configured
electronics, a regulated 5 volts supply. The other nicely to be an interrupt source. That's how it
was switchable power lo run the Datasette's works in regular Datasette service.
motor. For thispuEpose, it has highervoltage and
current rating. There are two input lines. One is 5. You can use the port, with its supporting ROM
connected 10 the Datasette's PLAY button, and logic, as n means of passing data or programs to
calls for power to be supplied to the motor. The a compatible Commodore machine. In this area,
other is the data line itself, feeding a digital signal the Commodore 16 and Plus-4 are not compatible
in from the tape. And ofcourse there is the output with the others, since they use their own tape
lint1, which writes lo Ope. format. Apart from this, a null-modem style cable
Thai accounts for six pins—iwo for power, inn he a very effective way ol moving data.
two ior input, one for output, and ol course a hookups, Early PET and CUM .systems didn't although it's nol super last. The nice thing is; the
"round line. The edee connector seems to be a have a regulated voltage source on the user port, protocols for saving/loading or data writing/
twelve-pin job, but that's an illusion: top and so an extra connector often tapped power from reading are already in place in the ROMs.
bottom connections are identical. .See Figure 1 the cassette port next door,
for the pin configuration. (i. Finally, you can use the port as Commodore
3. You can use the port as a source ol switched intended, that is, to read and write data with
Levels of Interface unregulated voltage. There's enough power cassette tape. Commodore designed the
You can interact with the cassette port at several there to run the motor of'a Datasette, so with a I lataselte specifically for this job. 1 lackers with
levels. Each level involved a some mechanical and
different amount of electrical talent can adapt
hard iv are/soft ware
FIGURE 1 a conventional audio tape
involvement. recorder lodo the same job.
The tricky part is automatic
1. You can ignore the starting ami stopping oflhe
A
cas settc p o rt c n d rely and live tape motor, but you can
a full and happy life using sometimes work around
Digital Ground. ■ Dalasette button sense
your disk drive. this.
+SV Regulated- - Write to Datasollo

2. You can use the cassette +6V Unregulated- Read from Oaiasetto ROM Routines
port solely as a source of If your computer has been
regulated power for some fitted with a customized
The Cassette port edge connector. Upper and lower pins are
external device. This kindoi ROM,you can't be sure that
shortened. Note that this connector is keyed between pins 2 and 3.
usage was popular with the cassette port logic is still
some early user-port in place. Many third-party

COMMODORE WORLD 50 Lucky issue T3

systems do mansions things to help the user and supply motor power, and
Figure 2a. The three signal elements ot cassette tape.
programmer. But the new features have to find it might not.
room inside limited ROM Space, and usually The typical situation is
something has to go to make room. The casualtyis that you get power when Short Short Long Long Mark Mark

BQOSt often all or part of'llie cassette port routines. you ask for U (the Timings Hall cycle Frequency
II you have 9 custom ROM system and wanttodo interrupt routines do Short 182 us 2.75Khz
something using the cassette port, ii would be a this). After a load or data Long 362 us 1.91 Khz
Mark 342 us 1.46Khz
good Idea to check to see what slill works. Some read has been
KO.\ I revisions, such asjiffyDOS. comewithasmteh accomplished, the
SO thai you can restore the old HOM ifyou should processor shuts off the _ru
need it. Then again, if your objectives are largely cassette motor, even Long Short Short Long
hardware in nature, you may not need to worry though the buttons may BSl=1 Bit = O

about whether the original ROM is still in place. still be down. Figure 2b. Data bits on tape are made up of a long and a
If you want to control short cycle. The order determines whether it's a 1 or a 0 bit.
The Hardware Setup that unregulated power
Figure 1 shows the connections to the edge switch yourself, arrange
Connector. Here's a more detailed description for the hardware to signal Long Short Short Long
Bit = 1 Bit = 0
about where these connections go: a permanent "button
Tlie 5 volt regulated power (pin Ii) hooks up to down" condition. If you Figure 2c. When reading tape, only the rising edge of the sign
the computer's main supply. The switched power leave it as "button up", triggers the interrupt. This makes signal polarity important.
on pill C isn't completely unregulated, The raw the IRQ interrupt will
supplyofabout 9 voltsisswitehedthrougjiapower shut oil the motor the
transistor.The voltage level is typically guarded by moment your program tries to start it. chunk is the program data, which may be any
user ofa zener diode, which limits it in most cases length.
to the (i or 7 voll range. Actual details may van-. Tape Signals A data file is written by means of the
especially in countries outside North America. Figure 2 shows details of the kind of signals that conventional OPKN..PRINT#..CI.O.SHsequencu.
What switches this power, originally intended go to tape. In figure 2a, you see thai three basic It consists of two or more chunks, each of which
lor the Datasette motor? It's done via an I/O frequencies are sent: a "short" signal, a "long" is 192 bytes in length. Again, the first chunk is a
port. On the Commodore (i4 and 128, it's the signal, and an even slower "mark" signal that is header. Tlie remaining chunks contain data. The
(ifilO on-chip register thai is found at addresses used lo indicate the start of a data byte. unused part ollhe las! chunkis filled with binary
(land 1 (bitS). Watch it: the interrupt plays with The frequencies involved go outside the zeros. This signals end-of-file, so you can't write
this information, too, (See the note on this later.) normal range of telephone circuits. The binary zeros into a cassette data tile.
Output to the Datasette is sent on pin 5, and telephone company gets upset when you try to Whether the file is a program or dala. each
it's hooked up just about [he way you would send signals higher than about 2.W cycles per chunk is written twice, This allows fur error
think, directly from the I/O chip. On the 64/128, second. So the cassette interface won't work as correction during reading.
that would be bit 3 of the same on-chip register. a substitute modem.
Continuing the bit lineup; bit 4 is used to detect Aiibesiariofany tape block, there's a "leader", Snooping Headers
whether the Datasette is asking for power. If any a sequence ofhigh-pitched "shorts". By the way, It can be interesting or useful to examine header
"locking" key such as play, forward, or rewind is avoid playing such tapes on your home audio blocks written on tape. The header block will be
down, this signal will be activated on pin ii. recorder because the binary signals tend lo causi' found in the cassette buffer. On the 64, this is
The remaining input signal, data input, has head magnetization, which will spoil the quality located at addresses 828 to fOt9 (hex 033C to
some tricky aspects. This one is delivered to a of other listening. 03FB). The contents of the first byte, as seen
completely different I/O chip—on the 64/128, Then a "long-mark" sequence indicates the with PRINT PEEK(828), will be 1 or 3 for a
it's the CIA "flag" bit, located in the ICR, the start of a byte, followed by either a long-short program header. 4 for a data file header. 2 for a
interrupt control register. Thai's located at combination for a "1 " hit, or a short-long block containing data, and 5 for an "end-of-
address 56333, hexadecimal DCOD, bit -1. combination for a "0" bit. A ninth bit is added I ape" block. There's usually other information
Although you could lesl this bit directly, this to each byte lo generate odd parity for error in the block, such as the file name. I'll leave this
register is normally used to trigger interrupts, control. When the computer reads these one for your experimentation.
and the critical timings involved in tape input incoming signals, it uses only the "leading You can force the Commodore 64 to perform
make this the best way. This is especially true edge", figure 2c reflects this. A little thought a single header-block read by commanding SVS
because the "flag" bit is edge-triggered, which will reveal that the signal polarity is important; 63553, 'I'he corresponding 128 command is
means the program has to rose! it after each turn the signal upside down, and the timing SYS 59890; look for the 128s cassette buffer
signal. becomes unusable. starting at address 2816 decimal.
There's a lot mure to be said about the cassette
Tape Motor Interlock Standard Format system. The information given so far will be a
When the Datasettebuttons are upi the computer A program written with SAVE will consist of two good start for curious users.
never supplies power to the motor. When a chunks writ ten to tape.The firslchunk is a header
lucking button is down, ihe computer might which is always 192 bytes in length. The second

February/March 1996 51 COMMODORE WORLD

 ORGANIZATION AND INPUT

We'll talkbrielly about the threepartsofamachinelanguage program, and

High address
how these parts are usually set up in memory. Then it'son to an exercise in
Input, using the GET subroutine at hexadecimal FFE4.
Variables

Code, Constants, and Variables

""N
A typical program is made up of three parts. The "aide" section contains Constants

the machine language instructions, so we often liiiuk of this as the whole

program, bul there's more. >- This part is saved on a disk.

The "constants" part ofthe program iswhereweput all otherfixed" data, Code

likesirings to be printed, numeric values, and even upomters".Pointersare

two-byte locations containingaddresses that point at locations in memory, Low address

They often point at p;ins of your program.

The "variables" part holds data items that change as the program runs. Figure 1, The three parts of a program. The "variables" part
doesn't need to be saved on disk, since values will be set up as
Again, these might be anything; strings, values, or pointers. The program
the program runs.
sets up initial values for variables and changes them as it runs. Figure 1
shows the three pans of a program as it might be set up in memory.
A program, as it is saved on disk, needs to contain the "code" and Program Project
"constants'sections. The "variables" will be set up during the program run, I iere's our project: invite the user to type in a string, and then repeat hack
Wesave the program asasingle chunk. That means it'sagood idea to keep that string. 'The computer will need to store all the characters received, so
the code and constants sections close together. we'll put them in an area called a "buffer".
You can leave gaps between the various elements: your main program, The coding shown here is appropriatefermost tiny assemblers, as would
its subroutines, and various types of constants. Figure 2 illustrates this. If be found in a Machine Language Monitor. Of course ifyou happen to have
you're using a tiny assembler, you'll find it useful to allow sudi gaps, since a symbolic assembler, you can use that. Toget input from the keyboard, we
you can't be sure what part of memory will be available as you are writing will call the GET subroutine at address SFFIM. This subroutine reads from
the code. Keep each code module—main routine orsubroutine—compact the keyboard buffer. The program will need to "echo" the received keys so
"Branch" instructions arc limited to a reach of approximately 128 bytes. that the user can see what has been typed.
You don't want to put gaps within a module that might put your branches Here's a warning: When you call this routine, you cannot be sure that
out of reach. registers X. Y, and A will keep their previous contents. Register A will
contain the incoming character (or binary 0 if no character is ready), so we
Variables expect it to change. We also cannot expect the contents ofX or V to be
Beginning programmers sometimes have problems with the concept of preserved. Ifyou have an Important value in any register, save it and bring
variables. It's often useful tothinkofthem as "blanks to be filled in". They it back after the call has been completed. Only the (.'I [ROUT routine at
might be Riled in by the user who types data, or they might be Tilled in by SFFD2 reliably preserves all registers. I'll write the program to start at
the program, which uses variables for such things as counters, totals, or address hex 2000, decimal 8192.
buffers for file inpul or output. Don't forget that many variables need to
be initialized before use. It's not like BASIC, where all variables are The Program

known to be /ito when the program starts. Don't type this in until you read the comment below giving values to
In our project, we will use two variables. The first is a byte where we substitute for XSAVE-: and BUM.
can save an index value. The second is a buffer to hold an input .string
typed by the user. Typically, a string wouldn't be longer than 80 A 2000 LDX #S00 (start of buffer index)
characters, hut it could exceed that on some models of Commodore
computer. Here's where we loop to get more inpul.

CDMIUIOOaRE WORLD 52 Lucky issue 13

h 2002 STX XSAVE (storex.., ) main sub sub numbers strings pointers table

A 2005 JSR $FFE4 (..gel character..)

A 2008 LDX XSAVE ( ..restore X)

The next line i.s a quick way to test ifA contains a zero:

A 200B TAY (binary zero?)

A 200C BEQ S2002 (if yes, try again) > J
A 200E STA BUFF,X (store character in buffer) Code section Constants section
A 2011 JSR SFFD2 (and echo it to the screen)
A 2014 INX (add to the buffer index) Figure 2. You may leave gaps be ween the various parts of the

A 2015 CMP #S0D (didwejusldoaRIiTURN?) program; in fact, the eleme nts can go in any order. However, if the

A 2017 BNE $2002 (if not, back to [lie loop) gaps are loo big, you'll was te disk t >pace and lengthen loading time.

Since we'vejust received the RETURN character, our input

line is complete. That character has been echoed and stored like all the diskprogram, so lhe"wastespace" won't hurt. I'llpickaddresses$210(1 and
others. $2101 (and up) for the two variables.
So. substituted OOforXSAVE wherever ilappearsalxne. and subsiitule
A 2018 LDX #$00 (reset burfe-index) $2101 for RUFF. Enter the program, return to Basic, type SYS 8192. The
screen will be quiet, then type in a line followed by RETURN and the
Here's where we loop to do output program should echo it.

A 201B LDA BUFF,X (geta character) Expanding the Program

A 201E JSR SFFD2 (print it) We won't try to fix that missing cursor this time, but you might like to add
A 2021 INX (move buffer index along) codeso as to print a promptmessage, such as "TYPE SOMETHING: "before
A 2022 CMP #$0D (havewejusi done a RETURN?) accepting input, and another string such as "I GOT:" before echoing what
A 2024 BNE S201B (if not, loop to do more) was received. These two "canned" stringswill be constants, and they should
A 202 6 RTS (ifRETURN, quit) be placed behind your program. Address hex 2050 for the first siring
shouldgive you plenty of room foryour program. Don't forget that you put
Cautionary Notes in these strings with the M (memory display) command. They are not
Re sure you don't forget the "#" characters where they are needed. There's instructions, so you do not use "A for assemble".
a lot of difference between loading [he value zero, and the contents of I'll leave this as an exercise, but here are a few hints. If you followed my
address zero. suggestion to put the print string at about $2050, your code would start out
To read over your code, remember that you can disassemble using the D along the following lines:
command. Type L) 20()0. and you'll see a screen full of disassembled code.
This allows you to check for accuracy. Ifyou see a mistake, youcan type over LDX #$00
it on the right-hand side of the display. To see more, just type another D ($2002) LDA $2050,X
with no address. JSR SFFD2
Remember that you can put in NO1* (no operation) commands al iNX
"interesting" locations. Later, you could change them to liliK. the "break" CMP #$10
command, so as to stop the program and see what has been happening up BNE $2002
to that point. Your program will be slightly bigger, but you'll be able to test
it as it runs. I'm assuming a string of length 16 bytes, which is where the #S 10 comes
from above. Adjust this value to suit your own string.
No Constants, Two Variables This should takeyourrom $2000toJ200C, so the nextsegment ofcodewill
The above program needs to use two variables: a single byte called start at $200d. Thai's the code to actually input the siring. You can copy ii
XSAVE, and a buffer area whose start we have called BUFF. We could from the earlier program above, but keep in mind that the loop will NOT go
place these directly behind the code, putting XSAVE at address $2027 back to S2002, so adjust the I1NF address to a suitable value. That code will
and BUFF al address $2028(goingupto,say, $2078). A symbolic assemhlcr go from about J200D to S2025. Next is the constant string for the echo (my
would usually put them there, so we'd ask it to give us two variables with suggestion was "1 SAW:"). This will be similar to the code for the previous
code like: constant string, above, with a change of addresses. This part might fit in
memory from $2026 to $2032. Finally, the echoing of the si ring will be done
XSAVE *=*+! with code nl about $2033 to $2l).iF. with the final UTS a! $2040. Your code
BUFF *=X+80 (most assemblers support decimal values) might be a little longer. This leaves about lilt ecu empty bytes before our string
constants at S 2050. but thal'snol much wastage. Ifwe were to save this program,
If you're chopping away with a liny assembler such as you get with a we'd savethewholethingfrom $2000 to $2067orso.codeandconstants, but not
machine language monitor, it's easy to leave some space and pick a higher the variable area.
location for these variables. After all. we won't save variables as part of the V

February/March 1996 53 COMMODORE WORLO

CHECKSUM
Commodore World's Program Entry Checking Program
and Tips on Entering Programs from this Magazine

CHECKSUM isa program thatproofreadsyoiirlyptngwhen you enter a iistuigirom Special Key Combinations
the magazine. Ii assigns a numerical value to each character that vim type, adds up Asyoutype,youmaybeconflusedtheflrsi time you see curly braces! I. These braces
[Revalues ofthe line you typed and displays the sum. (Checksum, therefore, means mean "perform the (unction explained within." Tor example, {'i'l SPACES] means
thai ii checks your typinnbj summing t he characters.) Il alsovecifies that you have that you need lo press the space bar 'I'l times. Don't type ihe braces (you can't, of
H pedthe characters in the proper order. (Checksum won'i tcllyou ifyou miss a line course, because there are no curly braces in the Commodore character set). Here are
ofcode entirely, so verity that yourself.) Checksum runs "in the background" when some other common examples:
you type in lines ef program code. Whenever you type aline and press RETURN,
Checksum will display a value. Compare that value to the value published nexi to {CLEAR/HOME! hold down the SHIFT key and press the CLR-IIOMI'. key.
the line of code in the mapzine, If the numbera match, you've typed the line 12 CRSR DiX'l tap I he cursor down key twice.
correctly. Simple. ICTKI.il hold EheCONTOL key and press the I key.
{CMDR t) hold down the COMMODORE key and press thcT key.
Typing in CHECKSUM
First, type in Checksum carefully from the listing on this page, lit sure ru press Continue typing m your program, saving olleu and checking ear he heck sum value
RETURN after I'vi'ry line to enter it into memory. Once you have typed the program. with the one in the magazine, until you've finished the listing. Phewl So now you're
jww it. Infact, save it afew times while you're typing, just to be safe. (This is good ready to run your program, right? Not quite. First, save it. Second, deactivate
advice whenever you type in a program. 1 usually change the name each time I save; Checksum by typIngSYS followed by49152 rorihcC-64 0x3338 fittiheC-128. Now
forexample.Cheduuml, Checksums, andso on.) Doublfrcheckyourwork, making you can run. Don't be discouraged ifyou still get anerror.lt happens. Use Checksum
sure that you've typed in every line and that you've pressed RETURN afterevery line faithfully. Be patient. Be thorough, it will work eventually.
you've typed. Ifyou make errors when typing in Checksum, a test run ofChecksum ft
will tell you which lineis incorrect. (This saretyfeature works onl) [ntheChecksuni CHECKSUM
program itself, and does not apply to any otherlistIngs in the magazine.) Whenever
you find a typing error (in any program listing), fix it, press RETURN to enter the 180 rem cw checksum 64/128

change, save the program again and try another run. Repeal this processas often as 110 rr.o = 128:sa=332B
120 if pee<{65533)<>255 then mo=64:sa=49152
necessary. Important tip: Don't get discouraged if the program won'l run. i!c
130 i-0;ck-0:ch=0:ln=330
patient. Be thorough. It will work eventually, You!! know your Checksum is ready 140 for k=Q to 16
when you seethe line: 150 for j^l to !0
160 read b:i£ b>255 Chen goto 280
TO TOGGLE ON OR OFF, SY3 XXXX 170 ch=crn-i):poke sa+i,b:i=i+l
183 next j
190 read lc:i£ lcocfc then goto 280
Entering Programs Using CHECKSUM
200 ch=G:ln=lr:t-10
When you're ready to type in your first listing from the magazine, load and run
210 next k
Checksum. Make a noteofthenuniberthBtisdispUyedonthesCTBen(49152 fbrtho 220 pokesa*ii0,240:pakesatlll,38:pokesa-140,234
C-(i4:3328 for the C-128). To activate and deactivate Checksum, type SVS followed 230 printchx$ll47)iprinfcw cheEksum'.-strSlmohprint
by that number, then press RETURN, You need to hawChecksum active whenever 240 print"to toggle on or off, sys':sa:if mo=12B then 270
you're typing in a listing. Checksum must be deactivated, however, when you run 250 po)tesa+13,124:pokesa+15,165:pokesa+25,124:pokesa+26,189
the new program. The next step is typing in a new program listing as it appears in 260 pokesa+39,20:pakesa»41,21:pokesa+123,2B5;pokeaa*124,lS9
270 pokesa+4,int(sa/256}:sys sasnew
the magazine.
280 print'you have a data error in line";In:"!":end
As yon begin, you'll notice that to the left of the start of each line is a number.
293 refl do not change ".'nese data statements!
Don't type this number in: It's simply ihe Checksum value. Stop typing al the end 300 data 120,162,24,163,13,173,4,3,201,24,884
of the program line and press RETURN. If you've typed the line correctly, the 310 data 208,4,162,13,160,67,142,4,3,140,903
number displayed on the screen will match the Checksum value. II the numbers 320 data 5,3,88,96,32,13,67,152,72,169,697

don't match, you've made a mistake. Check the line carefully, make your changes 330 data 3,141,8,255,133,176,133,188,166,22,1206
340 data 164,23,134,167,132,168,173,189,0,2,1149
and press RCTURN. The computer won't know you've made a change unless you
350 data 240,58,20i,4B,144,7,201,58,176,3,113b
press RETURN on the changed line to enter it, A few type-in hints: The Checksum
360 data 232,208,240,189,0,2,240,42,201,32,1386
does not verify'blank spaces in the program lines unless they arc within quotation
370 data 208,4,164,180,240,31,201,34.208,6,1276
marks, because adding or omitting such spaces will not affect the operation ofthe 380 data 165,180,73,1,133,130,230,176,164,176,1478
program. The exception to this is hexadecimal Data statements. These are the Data 390 data 165,167,24,125,0,2,131,167,165,168,1116
statements, Mich as this one. ihut don'i have commas: 400 data 105.0,133,168,136,208,239,232,208,209,1638
410 data 169,42,32,210,255,165,167,69,168,170,1447
420 data 169,0,32,50,142,169,32,32,210,255,1091
100 DATA 12345678901234567890*123456789012345
430 data 32,210,255,169,13,32,213,255,104,168,1448
67890-1Z345678901234S67890*
440 data 96,104,170,24,32,240,255,104,163,96,1289
450 data 56,32,240,255,138,72,152.72.24,162.i:c?
In statements such as these,you must have one space between the word DATA and 460 dat2 0,160,0,32,240,255,169,18,208,198,1280
the numbers that follow. Checksum will nol catch that error.

COMIVIODORE WORLD 54 Lucky Issue 13

 Refurbished Units & Repair Service !
C-64 Refurb. with P/S (No books] $ 54.95
version 9.6

ovaterm.
C-64 Refurb. without P/S (No books] 46.95
1541 Refurb. with cord, serial cable INo books/disks) 64.95
Monitor Cable, 5-pin DIN to RCA jiicks 4.95
Serial Coble, 6-pin DIN, 6r S.95
Modem software for the Commodore 64
Commodore Power Supply for C-64 (used, tosted] 7.95
Power Cord for 1541 3.95
Power Supply for 1541-11 19.95
Printers/Monitors: Wa havo a limited supply of C-64
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Ribbons: Wo stock ribbons for most Commodore and C-64
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Service: We will repair or roplaco: Commodore Repairs

C-64 (not including P/S) S 35.00 Since 1979
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Send computer or clisk drive with name, on all repairs
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Repair or refurbished replacement will be
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MA residents add 5% salos tax (except for service]
TO ORDER CALL (800) EASY-WEB Visa. MC, etc

USED SOFTWARE
We buy, sell, and trade used original software. Lowes!
ESCAPE ROUTE
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Ask for a list via Internet:

St. Joseph, Ml 49085 Send check or M.O. for S19.95 to CREATIVE
CENTSlBLE@DELPHl.COM Phone: 616-428-9096 PIXELS, P.O. Box 592, Library, PA 15129

C64/1541 Repair-$40
*Sl'KCIAL*
All Aboard the Commodore
C64, 1541, J-S+Sft. -$99

We cany a full line of hard

Information Supersubway!
ware, software & maga
The Underground is a grass-raols Commodore
zines, liolli new & med, in
cluding European items. publication produced wiili S-bil rampuiecs,
Everything fbrCommodore Computers
Our flai-rnle rejinirs in Goos. iind a Postscript laser prinlcr. For a mere
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Burleson. TX 76028 your unwanted items. reviews, and columns mi everything faun
817-295-7658 Catalog-£2.95 projects in PD soflwaie. A sample issue of the
All Major Credit Underground is only S2--why not give ii ;i try?
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RETURN rT FOR NEPLACEUENT Ofl STORE CREDIT ONLY THE UNDERGROUND, 4574 Via Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CA 93455
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February/March 1996 55 COMMODORE WORLD

* CLASSIFIED ADS *
C64/128 PUBLIC DOMAIN.
SEND $2 FOR A DEMO & CATALOG. CALOKE IND. ,
REQUEST FREE CATALOG OR
P.O.
INDEX
BOX 184 77, RAYTOWN, MO. 6413 3. VISA-M/CARD Caloke Industries (Classified) 56
ACCEPTED. Centsible Software 55
Commodore Country 55
C-64 FOREIGN-AMERICAN Utilities, Graphics,
Hacker, Arcade. J2C stamp gets catalog. Home-
Computer Power User 13
Spun Software, POB 1064-CW,Estero,FL. 33928 Commodore World 56, Inside Back Cover
Computer Bargain Store 49
CMD 4MB RAMLink, $250. C-64 games: AD&D al'.
Zorks, Jet + 3 scenery disks. Sons of Liberty,
Creative Micro Designs 7,9,13,28,29,41,44,45,
Defender of the Crown, $45. V. Peterson, RR2 Box Creative Pixels 55
59, Thompson, IL 61285. Home-Spun Software (Classified) 56
Gatekeeper 44
GEOS Publication. The exclusive monthly QEOS
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$12.00 for one year; $2 0.00 two years.Write 713 Integrated Teknologies 5
E. Main Street, Independence, KS. 67301-3726. Intercorp 5
wanted - "Pirates" game disk for Commodore 64.
J.P. Products by Mail 44
Donald A. Wilson, 17005 Westdale, Cleveland, OH Loadstar 3
44135. Will pay. Mad Man Software 47
Novaterm 55
Wanted - New and mint used commercial games for
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Way Lot #33, Kokomo, IN 46901. Sodak 49
Software Support Int Inside Front Cover
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Unique 55
For years, RUN Magazine provided Commodore Users wilh a great source Yanney Software 44
of information, and now CMD has given you Commodore World Don'l lei this
valuable information slip away—fill in the voids in your library now!

COMMODORE WORLD
RUN Magazine Back Issues
Any 3 issues for $12.00, any 6 for $18.00, Classified Advertising
or any 12 for only $24.00
Commodore World subscribers may place non-commercial
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COMMODORE WORLD 56 Lucky Issue 13

 WORLD
t— «wwihbi onimooaiii Mia u—

Mw. Printers
the I" Our in-depth look Into selecting
■inf °" and using printers end printer
Interlaces

cmd
"ln< An Introduce
" • " nukes CMD d,

\geos

Commodore World is the publication And while our feature articles help to Columns
that will keep you informed in these times cover different subjects in each issue, Just For Starters - An introduction to the C64/
when up-to-date information on regular columns provide on-going insight 128 by Steve VanderArk
Commodore computing is so hard to find. into topics of interest to most users. You'll Foreign Exchange - An inside look at the market
Published by Creative Micro Designs, the find columns that cover BASIC and in Europe by Joseph Gaudl

industry leader in development of advanced programming, and even a Graphic Interpretation - GEOS. GEOS and more
GEOS by Steve VanderArk
Commodore-related products for over six column for GEOS programming. And if you
geoProgrammlst - GEOS programming
years, Commodore World will supply you prefer being a GEOS user to being a
techniques by Maurice Randall
with information on what's new, what's still GEOS programmer, you'll find another
BASIC Instincts - BASIC tutorials and type-in
available, and above all else— where to column devoted to helping you get more
programs by Gene Barker
get it. If you felt you had nowhere to turn out of GEOS. If you want to learn more
Jim Butterfield's ML Column - Probably the best
to for Commodore support, turn to the about using and programming the various known name in our industry. Jim covers every
pages of Commodore World for a wealth peripherals on your system—you guessed aspect of programming in ML (coming soon)
of resources ready to help you get the it, we've got a column for that as well- Even Peripheral Vision ■ Technical insights to C-64/128

si
most from your computer! first-time Commodore users will find a hardware peripherals

You'll find Commodore World feature column devoted specifically to their needs. Carrier Detect - Exploring every facet of the

articles informative and easy to read; And there's even more. Departments Telecommunications experience

what's more, they're written by leading that cover news, telecommunications, Over The Edge ■ Editorial covering various
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