Fundamentals of Database Design: Presented By: Harpreet Singh AND Lakhvir Kaur

Fundamentals of Database Design
PRESENTED BY: HARPREET SINGH AND LAKHVIR KAUR
CONTENTS
Introduction and participants needs. We will review what is a database; Understand the difference between data and information; What is the purpose of a database system; How to select a database system;
WHAT IS A DATABASE
A database is any organized collection of data. Some examples of databases you may encounter in your daily life are:

A telephone book T.V. Guide airline reservation system motor vehicle registration records papers in your filing cabinet files on your computer hard drive.
DATA VS. INFORMATION: WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE?

What is data?
What is information?
Data can be defined in many ways. Information science defines data as unprocessed information.
Information is data that have been organized and communicated in a coherent and meaningful manner. Data is converted into information, and information is converted into knowledge. Knowledge; information evaluated and organized so that it can be used purposefully.
WHAT IS THE ULTIMATE PURPOSE OF A DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM?

Is to transform
Data Information Knowledge Action
WHY DO WE NEED A DATABASE?
The information is a large amount that would become unmanageable in spreadsheet form and is related to a particular subject. You want to maintain records for ongoing use. You want to generate reports based on the information.
MORE ABOUT DATABASE DEFINITION

What is a database?
Quite simply, its an organized collection of data. A database management system (DBMS) such as Access, FileMaker, Lotus Notes, Oracle or SQL Server which provides you with the software tools you need to organize that data in a flexible manner. It includes tools to add, modify or delete data from the database, ask questions (or queries) about the data stored in the database and produce reports summarizing selected contents.
TYPES OF DATABASES
Non-relational databases
Non-relational databases place information in field categories that we create so that information is available for sorting and disseminating the way we need it. The data in a non-relational database, however, is limited to that program and cannot be extracted and applied to a number of other software programs, or
other database files within a school or administrative system. The data can only be "copied and pasted. Example: a spread sheet.
Relational databases
In relational databases, fields can be used in a number of ways (and can be of variable length), provided that they are linked in tables. It is developed based on a database model that provides for logical connections among files (known as tables) by including identifying data from one table in another table.
SELECTING A DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Database management systems (or DBMSs) can be divided into two categories -- desktop databases and server databases.
Generally speaking, desktop databases are oriented toward single-user applications and reside on standard personal computers (hence the term desktop). Server databases contain mechanisms to ensure the reliability and consistency of data and are geared toward multi-user applications.
SELECTING A DATABASE SYSTEM: NEED ANALYSIS

There is no silver bullet in the database world. Which database to choose depends on :Who you are What youre trying to achieve (business/functionality requirements, performance/reliability/scalability/availability requirements). How much data you want to store in the current databases before archiving them.
Which OS/Language platform you want to choose for the application.

Whether you want/need to build a data warehouse, a BI or decision supporting system on top of it eventually, etc.
FUNDAMENTAL BUILDING BLOCKS

Tables comprise the fundamental building blocks of any database. If you're familiar with spreadsheets, you'll find database tables extremely similar. Take a look at this example of a table sample database:
The table above contains the employee information for our organization -- characteristics like name, date of birth and title. Examine the construction of the table and you'll find that each column of the table corresponds to a specific employee characteristic (or attribute in database terms). Each row corresponds to one particular employee and contains his or her information. That's all there is to it! If it helps, think of each one of these tables as a spreadsheet-style listing of information.
DATA RETRIEVAL
It is a management system that involves extracting the wanted data from e database. The two primary forms of data retrieval are reports and queries. In order to retrieve a data from the database , the user has to present the data by a Query. Then the DBMS software selects the demanded data from the database. The retrieved data may be stored in a file, printed or viewed on screen.

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Fundamentals of Database Design

PRESENTED BY: HARPREET SINGH AND LAKHVIR KAUR

DATA VS. INFORMATION: WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE?

WHAT IS THE ULTIMATE PURPOSE OF A DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM?

WHY DO WE NEED A DATABASE?

MORE ABOUT DATABASE DEFINITION

SELECTING A DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

SELECTING A DATABASE SYSTEM: NEED ANALYSIS

Which OS/Language platform you want to choose for the application.

FUNDAMENTAL BUILDING BLOCKS

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