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    Different Cycles in Gas Turbine & Steam Turbine

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    Ashwani Dogra
    The document compares and contrasts the cycles used in gas turbines and steam turbines for power generation. It discusses the Carnot, Rankine, and Brayton cycles. The Rankine cycle is modified with techniques like reheat and regeneration to increase efficiency. The Carnot cycle establishes the theoretical maximum efficiency possible for any heat engine operating between two temperature reservoirs. The efficiency of actual power cycles is lower due to losses during various processes like heat transfer and energy conversion.

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    Different Cycles in Gas Turbine & Steam Turbine

    Uploaded by

    Ashwani Dogra
    140 views18 pages
    The document compares and contrasts the cycles used in gas turbines and steam turbines for power generation. It discusses the Carnot, Rankine, and Brayton cycles. The Rankine cycle is modified with techniques like reheat and regeneration to increase efficiency. The Carnot cycle establishes the theoretical maximum efficiency possible for any heat engine operating between two temperature reservoirs. The efficiency of actual power cycles is lower due to losses during various processes like heat transfer and energy conversion.

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    The document compares and contrasts the cycles used in gas turbines and steam turbines for power generation. It discusses the Carnot, Rankine, and Brayton cycles. The Rankine cycle is modified with techniques like reheat and regeneration to increase efficiency. The Carnot cycle establishes the theoretical maximum efficiency possible for any heat engine operating between two temperature reservoirs. The efficiency of actual power cycles is lower due to losses during various processes like heat transfer and energy conversion.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    140 views18 pages

    Different Cycles in Gas Turbine & Steam Turbine

    Uploaded by

    Ashwani Dogra
    The document compares and contrasts the cycles used in gas turbines and steam turbines for power generation. It discusses the Carnot, Rankine, and Brayton cycles. The Rankine cycle is modified with techniques like reheat and regeneration to increase efficiency. The Carnot cycle establishes the theoretical maximum efficiency possible for any heat engine operating between two temperature reservoirs. The efficiency of actual power cycles is lower due to losses during various processes like heat transfer and energy conversion.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    Different cycles in Gas turbine & Steam Turbine

    Presented By Vatsala Sharma Dy. Director


    Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director

    Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director

    Avanta Power

    Energy Conversion Efficiency

    100%

    39%

    61%

    Heat Input
    Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director

    Electrical Energy
    Avanta Power

    Heat Rejected

    The change in entropy,

    dQ T

    In any spontaneous process, the entropy can not decrease.

    S 0.
    Avanta Power

    This is the second law of thermodynamics, with equality holding for a reversible process.
    Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director

    Latent Heat
    T
    100oC water temp rises water changes to steam (boils)

    steam temp rises

    Q added to water

    Q = m L with L = Latent Heat L [J/kg]: Q is the amount of heat needed to add or remove from a substance with mass m to change the state of that substance.
    Substance water
    Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director

    Lf (J/kg) Lv (J/kg) 33.5 x 104 22.6 x 105


    Avanta Power

    The Ideal Gas Law (review)

    P V = N kB T
    N = number of molecules
    N = number of moles (n) x NA molecules/mole

    kB = Boltzmanns constant = 1.38 x 10-23 J/K

    PV=nRT
    R = ideal gas constant = NAkB = 8.31 J/mol/K
    Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director Avanta Power

    PV Diagrams
    PV Diagram-1

    Pi
    Pf

    A gas expands (slowly) from state i to state f. The work done by the gas equals the area under the PV curve.
    f

    Vi

    Vf

    Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director

    Avanta Power

    Types of Cycles
    Carnot Cycle:- It is a hypothetical / Ideal cycle. Rankine Cycle:- Used in Steam Cycle Modified Rankine Cycle : Reheat & regenerative Cycles Binary Vapour Cycle (Working Fluid is Mercury)

    Brayton Cycle:- Used hypothetical in Gas Turbine Otto Cycle Diesel Cycle Vatsala Sharma,Dy Avanta Power
    Director

    The Carnot Cycle (Engine)


    An ideal reversible heat engine (no heat engine can be more efficient than a Carnot engine) A 4 stage engine that operates between 2 temperature reservoirs (Thot and Tcold) consisting of
    2 isothermic phases 2 adabatic phases

    Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director

    Avanta Power

    Carnot (ideal) engine:


    % Efficiency = % eCarnot = (Qinput Qout)/Qinput
    since Qinput/Qout = Thot/Tcold the efficiency can be written as

    Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director

    Avanta Power

    Simplified Diagram

    Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director

    Avanta Power

    Basic Power Plant Cycle

    AB Heating of feed water (Sensible heat addition) BC Evaporation of water in boiler (Latend heat addition) CD _ Superheating of Steam (Superheat addition) DE Expansion of steam in turbine FA - Condensation of steam in the condenser

    Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director

    Avanta Power

    13

    Modified Rankine Cycle

    Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director

    Avanta Power

    Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director

    Avanta Power

    Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director

    Avanta Power

    Increasing Of Thermal Efficiency


    Thermal efficiency of the cycle is defined as: Useful heat/ Total heat Useful heat means that part of total which is used in rotating the turbine , when steam expands adiabatically (no heat is accepted or rejected during the process )in the turbine.

    Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director

    Avanta Power

    THERMAL PROCESS LOSSES

    Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director

    Avanta Power

    Hot Flue gas to Electricity .. Basics


    Pollutants

    Coal

    Super Heated Steam


    Heat Loss In Condenser

    Turbine Torque
    Mech. Energy Loss

    Alternating current in Stator


    Elet. Energy Loss

    Heat

    ASH

    Loss

    Chemical Energy

    Thermal Energy

    Kinetic Energy

    Electrical Energy

    Vatsala Sharma,Dy Director

    Avanta Power

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