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    Pancreas

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    Cheng Xinvenn
    The pancreas is a retroperitoneal mixed exocrine and endocrine gland located transversely in the posterior abdominal wall at the L1-L2 level. It has a head, neck, body, and tail. The main pancreatic duct extends from the tail to the head where it joins the common bile duct to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla, which opens into the duodenum. The pancreas receives its arterial blood supply from branches of the splenic artery, common hepatic artery, and superior mesenteric artery. Its venous drainage involves the splenic and superior mesenteric veins which join to form the portal vein. The exocrine pancreas is composed of acini that secrete enzymes, while the

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    Pancreas

    Uploaded by

    Cheng Xinvenn
    201 views11 pages
    The pancreas is a retroperitoneal mixed exocrine and endocrine gland located transversely in the posterior abdominal wall at the L1-L2 level. It has a head, neck, body, and tail. The main pancreatic duct extends from the tail to the head where it joins the common bile duct to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla, which opens into the duodenum. The pancreas receives its arterial blood supply from branches of the splenic artery, common hepatic artery, and superior mesenteric artery. Its venous drainage involves the splenic and superior mesenteric veins which join to form the portal vein. The exocrine pancreas is composed of acini that secrete enzymes, while the

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    The pancreas is a retroperitoneal mixed exocrine and endocrine gland located transversely in the posterior abdominal wall at the L1-L2 level. It has a head, neck, body, and tail. The main pancreatic duct extends from the tail to the head where it joins the common bile duct to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla, which opens into the duodenum. The pancreas receives its arterial blood supply from branches of the splenic artery, common hepatic artery, and superior mesenteric artery. Its venous drainage involves the splenic and superior mesenteric veins which join to form the portal vein. The exocrine pancreas is composed of acini that secrete enzymes, while the

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    201 views11 pages

    Pancreas

    Uploaded by

    Cheng Xinvenn
    The pancreas is a retroperitoneal mixed exocrine and endocrine gland located transversely in the posterior abdominal wall at the L1-L2 level. It has a head, neck, body, and tail. The main pancreatic duct extends from the tail to the head where it joins the common bile duct to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla, which opens into the duodenum. The pancreas receives its arterial blood supply from branches of the splenic artery, common hepatic artery, and superior mesenteric artery. Its venous drainage involves the splenic and superior mesenteric veins which join to form the portal vein. The exocrine pancreas is composed of acini that secrete enzymes, while the

    Copyright:

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    Structure of the pancreas

    Learning outcomes
    1. Describe the location, parts and the duct system of the pancreas

    2. Describe its important anatomical relations.


    3. Describe its arterial supply and venous drainage 4. Describe the microscopic arrangement of its exocrine and endocrine secretary units

    Pancreas
    Mixed exocrine endocrine gland lies transversely in the posterior abdominal wall ( L1 & L2 level)

    Retroperitoneal
    Divided in to head, neck, body& tail

    Pancreas - relations

    Head lies in the C shaped


    concavity of the duodenum.

    IVC & bile duct lie behind head.


    Neck is very short. Portal vein is formed behind the neck. Body lies in front of the aorta,

    left renal artery & left suprarenal gland.


    Tail lies in front of the left kidney & is related to

    Pancreas duct system

    Main pancreatic duct extends from tail towards the head.


    Joins with the bile duct to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla ( of Vater) Opens into the descending part of duodenum at major duodenal papilla. Occasionally both ducts open separately

    Accessory duct when present communicate with the main duct. It opens to minor duodenal papilla

    Pancreas duct system

    Smooth muscle sphincters control flow of bile and pancreatic fluid into duodenum.
    Hepatopancreatic sphincter ( of Oddi) Pancreatic duct sphincter Bile duct sphincter

    Pancreas Arterial supply 1. From the coelic artery branches of the splenic artery

    Common hepatic artery


    superior pancreaticoduodenal artery ( branch of gastroduodenal artery) 2. From superior mesenteric A. inferior pancreatico duodenal artery

    Pancreas Venous drainage

    Veins accompany the arteries and drain to


    splenic vein superior mesenteric vein Join to form the portal vein

    Exocrine Pancreas
    Arranged as acini Intercalated ducts penetrate the acini Basement membrane

    around the acini


    Acinar cells have zymogen granules

    secrets proteases, lipase


    and amylases

    Pancreatic acini islets of Langerhans

    Endocrine Pancreas
    Rounded cluster of cells arranged as islets

    More than million of islets


    More abundant in the tail region Islet cells arranged as cords & clumps In between capillaries

    Endocrine Pancreas

    Four types of islet cells A cells ( alpha cells) - 20% B cells ( beta cells) - 70% D cells ( delta cells ) - 5%

    F cells less than 5%

    Endocrine Pancreas
    A cells Glucagon increases blood glucose by glycogenolysis ,lypolysis & gluconeogenesis B cells - Insulin reduces blood glucose

    D cells Somatostatin -

    inhibits the release of other


    islet cell hormones

    F cells pancreatic polypeptides controls gastric secretions Tumors can arise from islet cells B cell tumors being the commonest ( insulinoma) Reduce insulin leads to diabetes mellitus

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