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    The Early Classic Symphony: (Plus Symphonie Concertante and Concerto)

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    Michael Cotten
    The document discusses the early classic symphony and related genres. It defines the symphony, symphonie concertante, and concerto genres. In the 18th century, the symphony often served as an overture to operas and other works. Early classic symphonies typically had 3 movements in the Italian style, while the Mannheim school and others like Haydn and Mozart expanded it to 4 movements. The document also outlines the common instrumentation of the classic orchestra and provides examples of works by Sammartini and Stamitz to illustrate characteristics of the early classic symphony.

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    The Early Classic Symphony: (Plus Symphonie Concertante and Concerto)

    Uploaded by

    Michael Cotten
    104 views10 pages
    The document discusses the early classic symphony and related genres. It defines the symphony, symphonie concertante, and concerto genres. In the 18th century, the symphony often served as an overture to operas and other works. Early classic symphonies typically had 3 movements in the Italian style, while the Mannheim school and others like Haydn and Mozart expanded it to 4 movements. The document also outlines the common instrumentation of the classic orchestra and provides examples of works by Sammartini and Stamitz to illustrate characteristics of the early classic symphony.

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    This is a PowerPoint on the origins of the classical symphony.

    Original Title

    Early Symphony

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    The document discusses the early classic symphony and related genres. It defines the symphony, symphonie concertante, and concerto genres. In the 18th century, the symphony often served as an overture to operas and other works. Early classic symphonies typically had 3 movements in the Italian style, while the Mannheim school and others like Haydn and Mozart expanded it to 4 movements. The document also outlines the common instrumentation of the classic orchestra and provides examples of works by Sammartini and Stamitz to illustrate characteristics of the early classic symphony.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    104 views10 pages

    The Early Classic Symphony: (Plus Symphonie Concertante and Concerto)

    Uploaded by

    Michael Cotten
    The document discusses the early classic symphony and related genres. It defines the symphony, symphonie concertante, and concerto genres. In the 18th century, the symphony often served as an overture to operas and other works. Early classic symphonies typically had 3 movements in the Italian style, while the Mannheim school and others like Haydn and Mozart expanded it to 4 movements. The document also outlines the common instrumentation of the classic orchestra and provides examples of works by Sammartini and Stamitz to illustrate characteristics of the early classic symphony.

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    The Early Classic Symphony

    (plus symphonie concertante


    and concerto)

    Goals of Class:
    To understand (changing) meanings of symphony
    throughout the 18th century, and introduce basic ideas of
    symphonie concertante and concerto.
    To get a basic idea of varied musical functions of the
    symphony in the 18th century.
    To discuss the instruments commonly used in the Classic
    Orchestra, as well as typical number of players.
    To briefly review the Sammartini example and discuss the
    Stamitz example.

    Definitions (some drawn from HWM glossary)


    Symphony: large work for orchestra, usually in three
    movements in the Italian tradition and predominant in
    the Early Classic symphony; expanded to four movements
    by Mannheim composers and others, including Haydn and
    Mozart

    Symphonie concertante: a concerto-like genre of the late


    18th century & early 19th century for two or more solo
    instruments and orchestra, characterized by its lightheartedness
    and melodic variety

    Concerto: genre or composition in which one or more solo instruments


    (or instrumental group) contrasts with an orchestral ensemble; usually in
    3 movements; solo concerto (not concerto grosso) dominant in Classic

    EARLY (to Mid-) CLASSIC SYMPHONY


    *Served as opening, or overture to opera or
    other works
    *For a time (especially in Italy), sinfonia was
    synonymous with overture
    *Italian sinfonias usually in 3 parts or
    movements
    *Mid- to Late-Classic symphonies in 3 or 4
    movements (4 became standard in Austrian-German
    symphonies)

    The Symphonic Orchestra of the 18th Century:


    Common Instrumentation from Early to Late Classic

    STRINGS
    Violins I
    Violins II
    Violas
    Cellos
    Contrabasses
    or Bass Viols

    WOODWINDS
    1-2 Flutes
    2 Oboes
    2 Bassoons
    2 Clarinets

    Basso continuo =
    Harpsichord + cello, CB, bassoon(s)

    BRASS
    2 French horns
    2 Trumpets
    PERCUSSION
    2 Timpani

    Special addition for Turkish Style (alla turca)

    Janissary instruments:

    Double reed
    Cymbals
    Triangle
    Bass drum

    Sammartini, Symphony in F Major, No. 32 (c.


    1740-44), Mvt. 1 NAWM 108, p. 68
    Sammartini, Italian composer active in Milan; taught Gluck
    and influenced others writing in Italian style

    Composed nearly 70 symphonies


    Opening gesture to capture attention -- reflects function of
    early symphony as introductory work

    Instrumentation:

    strings only (with keyboard continuo)

    Form: Binary (rounded binary) or first movement form


    *2 main sections repeated; second section divided into 2 main periods -*construction centered on harmonic movement (see p. 71, anthology)

    Mannheim Court
    (ruled by Elector Carl Philipp, 1716-1742;
    Elector Carl Theodor, 1748-1778)

    Composers of the Mannheim School


    Johann Stamitz (1717-1757); violin virtuoso who joined
    Mannheim orchestra c. 1741 and rose to concertmaster

    Franz Xaver Richter (1709-1789)


    Ignaz Holzbauer (1711-1783)
    Christian Cannabich (1731-1798)
    Carl Joseph Toeschi ((1731-1788)
    Carl Stamitz (1745-1801) - son of Johann Stamitz

    Mannheim Orchestra known throughout Europe,

    numbering approx. 50 players

    Ex.

    Johann Stamitz (Mannheim):


    Sinfonia a 8/Symphony in Eb Major,
    Op. 11, No. 3, Mvt. 1
    Mid-1750s (NAWM 109, p. 73)

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