Motors AEs
Motors AEs
Motors AEs
PROTECTION
TESTING
AND
MAINTENANCE
ELECTRICAL
PROTECTION
Why Protection
is required?
To isolate the
faulty section from
healthy section as
quickly as possible.
Temperature rise
Heat
Temperature
Heat
Losses
Classification of Insulation
Class
Max.Working temp.
90
105
120
130
155
180
ABOVE180
415V
Supply
Remote stop
4A
2A
Switch
Local stop
C-2
C-3
Power fuses
Start
C-1
Bimetal relay
Power
Contactor
Motor
2A
Link
O/L
T/F
415/110
Bimetal relay
Fe Ni
FUSE
In the case of the short circuits, bimetal
overload relays will operate in delay and
may worsen further the situation.
Hence, for quick isolation is required in
case of short circuits.
HRC ( High
Rupturing Capacity) fuses shall be used
for this purpose.
The rating of this fuses shall be depends
on the starting currents of the motors.
C ir c u it B r e a k e r
3 -P h a se O v e r C u rre n t
& E a r th F A u lt R e la y
CB
CDG
Relay
CAG
Relay
CAG Relay
Current
Time
&
Operation
ABB MPR
Front panel
Fixed
function
LEDs
Lithium
battery
Local
communications
Alarm
viewer
P441
Menu browser
User
configurable
LEDs
Download /
Monitor port
Facility for
lead seal
Thermal Overload
Protection
Thermal overload protection relays gives protection
against heating of the rotor due to negative
sequence currents caused by an unbalance system.
Multiple of square of Negative sequence current is
added to the thermal element. The equivalent
current Ieq is calculated as:
Ieq = ( I1 2 + Ke I2 2)
I1 = Positive Sequence current of the motor
I2 = negative sequence current of the motor
Ke = Negative sequence current recognition factor
(adjustable) ( For CTM Relays, Ke = 6)
Unbalance Protection
Unbalance protection is generally
provided in the following ways:
By
measuring
Negative
phase
sequence currents
By Monitoring the difference between
Max and Minimum phase currents
3 3 3
CBCT
M o to r
P2
E arth
F au lt
relay
elem en t
M o to r
E a rth
F a u lt r e la y
e le m e n t
Earth
fault
current
generally set at 30% of the
full load current.
Negative Sequence
Protection
Negative sequence currents in
the motor are due to following
reasons:
Non closure of one or two poles
of the Circuit Breaker
Failure of Power fuses in one or
two fuses
Sustained Faults in the network
Negative Sequence
Protection
Negative sequence currents results in
rotating magnetic field revolves in opposite
direction.
This field induces double
frequency induced currents in the rotor body
and conductors, gives rise to heat due to
copper losses. The rotor gets heated and
the temperature of the motor winding
increases beyond the limits.
Negative sequence protection can be either
definite time or with IDMT characteristic.
Differential Protection
The motors with rating more than
1500 kW, shall be protected
additionally
with
Differential
protection. This protection covers
the
switchgear, Motor and the
power cables.
Differential Protection
CB
3
3
3
M O T O R
R st
87
M e t r o c ils
F ig 5 . 2 M o t o r D iffe r e n t ia l p r o t e c t io n
Differential Protection
For better stability of the protection,
Stabilizing
resistors
shall
be
connected in series with the relays.
To safeguard the entire protection
system in the case of open CTs,
Non-linear resistor ( Metrocils) shall
be connected parallel to the Relay
and resistor circuits.
TESTING
TESTING
Pre-Commissioning tests
Note down the Name plate details.
Check IR value
Measure winding resistance & inductance
and note down in the history record for
future comparison.
Check the differential CT connections (if any)
Note down the No Load currents of all phases
Check for proper alignment.
IP PROTECTION
Degree of Protection of Enclosures
The degree of protection provided by an
enclosure is indicated by the IP code in the
following way Code Letters IP 3 1
(International Protection)
First Numeral
(Resistance to solid objects 0-6)
Second Numeral
(Resistance to water 0-8)
TEST
SHORT DESCRIPTION
0
1 50
mm
NO IP PROTECTION
A large surface of the body, such
as a hand (but no protection
against deliberate
access) solid
objects
exceeding
50mm
in
Diameter
2
12.5
mm
3 2,5
mm
TEST
SHORT DESCRIPTION
4 1
mm
5 dust
TEST
SHORT DESCRIPTION
NO IP PROTECTION
15o
Sprayi
ng
TEST
SHORT DESCRIPTION
water
jets
heavy
seas
Subme
rsion
(meter
)
Maintenance
Preventive Maintenance
Inspect
Touch
Feel
Preventive Maintenance
Inspect: Hear the sound and
observe the surroundings.
Touch: Sense the temperature of
the motor & cable and vibrations
Feel: Whether it is same as
before.
Preventive Maintenance
Open the terminal box and
check for healthiness quarterly
According to running hours, fill
the grease
and replace
bearings (in general it is 1000
hrs)
Preventive Maintenance
Take the vibrations and compare
with previous readings
Observe the sound by rotating the
rotor with hand during Overhaul
period (All drives).
Preventive Maintenance
Replace
the
bearings
for
important drives during Overhaul
(Ex: AH main drives)
Replace the lugs if they are in
damaged condition
SELECTION OF
MOTOR
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
S8
DETERMINATION OF
POWER RATING
1. Continuous duty and constant load:
P= TN KW
975
T is the load torque in kg-m
N speed in rpm
is the product of the efficiency of the
driven
equipment
and
that
of
transmitting equipment.
DETERMINATION OF
POWER RATING
in case of hoist mechanisms
P = Fv KW
2x102
due to counter weight is always one-half
of the useful load is always presents
V vary from 0.5 to 1.5m/s for passenger
lifts
DETERMINATION OF
POWER RATING
in case of linear motion
P = Fv KW
102
F is the Force caused by load in kg
v is the velocity of motion of load in m/sec
is the product of the efficiency of the
driven
equipment
and
that
of
transmitting equipment.
DETERMINATION OF
POWER RATING
in case of pumps
P = HQ KW
102
is the density of liquid pumped in kg/m 3
H is the gross head in meters
Q is the delivery of the pump in m3/sec
varies from 0.8 to 0.9 for reciprocating.
0.4 to 0.8 for centrifugal
DETERMINATION OF
POWER RATING
for fan motors
P = Qh KW
102
h is the pressure in mm of water
Q is the volume of air/gas in m3/sec
may be taken 0.6 for small fans
0.8 for large fans
DETERMINATION OF
POWER RATING
2. Continuous duty variable load:
n
P2i ti
Peq=
i=1
n
ti
i=1
P is the load power
This is called method of Average power
DETERMINATION OF
POWER RATING OF
CONSTANT LOAD
DETERMINATION OF
POWER RATING OF
VARIABLE LOAD
P
74
66
32
32
32
27
27
30 5
15 40
148
200
27
12
70
DETERMINATION OF
POWER RATING OF
VARIABLE LOAD
EX:
Part of
Cycle
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Time
sec (t)
15
40
30
5
148
200
12
70
520
Required HP
32
74
27
32
66
27
32
27
(HP)2t
15,360
219,040
21,870
5,120
644,690
145,800
12,290
51,030
1,115,200
DETERMINATION OF
POWER RATING OF
VARIABLE LOAD
Peq=
Peq=
n
P2i ti
i=1
ti
i=1
1,115,200
520
= 2145 = 46.3 HP
Add 10% tolerance: 46.3x1.1=50.9
Thank you
V.SRINIVASULU
ADE/MRT-I/STAGE-I
Dr.NTTPS
Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.
Alternative Proxies: