Afghan

The Soviet-Afghan War
( 1979-1989)
Grace
Intro: The War

How did it start:
The soviet attacks Afghanistan on December 27, 1979 after the death of
afghans PM/minister of defense.
Why did it start:
Before the war, afghan government had turned to the soviets in order to
stabilize their economy. However, due to the soviets determination to
spread communism.
What was the issue:
A group called Guerrillas (mujahidin) a.k.a was formed in order to fight

communism. They've received helps from USA, Saudi Arabia, and
Pakistan
Shalomi
Synopsis of the Soviet- Afghan War

The Soviet- Afghan war started because of the greediness of the Soviet Union. The
Soviet Union was a Communist party and wanted to spread the dictatorship and
communism all over the world. Therefore the Soviets invaded Afghanistan and
tried to impose communism. The Afghans did not like communism so a rivalling
group rose against the Soviet Union that group is called the Afghan guerrillas
(mujahidin). (Which is known as the Taliban today.) The Afghan guerrillas were
an anti communist group and they got help from USA, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia.
The war was a bloody and lasted nearly 10 years (1979- 1989). No one factor was
the deciding factor in the war against the Soviets. The structure of Afghan society
as a whole, with its mistrust of the Communist system, and its strong faith in Islam
provided the Afghan mujahidin with the will to fight, and the proper morale when
it was required. The Soviets lack of experience in the type of war that was being
fought, and their inability to adapt also was a strike against them. The foreign aid
provided by many countries gave the rebels both the equipment and the knowledge
necessary to fight and win. All of these factors played a part in the Soviets loss in
the war.
Proxy War
The Soviet-Afghan war was a example of proxy war. The
two great powers were the Soviet Union and the United
States of America. The US played an indirect (third party)
part of the war effort supporting the Afghan Mujahidin. By
supplying them with artillery and other weapons of
destructions. The US and the Soviet Union were two
rivalling powers who believed into two different types of
Power. Democracy Vs. Communism. Therefore the reason
the US got involved in the war was to help Afghanistan
fight and win the battle between the Soviet Union.
Jeff
Former president Jimmy Carter believed the Soviets were creating a

huge threat to the peace achieved at the end of Second World War
because it was the battle of gaining a lot of fossil fuel. Jimmy Carter
also places an embargo (a ban) US on shipment of commodities, like
grains and high technology to the Soviet Union.
Also Jimmy Carter sees this as a threat to the Persian Gulf region of
invasion. With other country giving financial help to General Zia, the
Afghan ruler who took the financial aids to build their army well
trained and well funded. When there was a President in power for the
United State in 1981, Ronald Reagan give even more aids to the
Afghan. As of this United States, Pakistan Iran, China, Saudi Arabia
and United Kingdom created or forum as the Afghan Mujahideen.
The end result was accomplish because it had push the Soviet and
stop their invasion and able to damage their economic resources,
losing support of their country by their citizens and their death in the
battle. While the Afghan Mujahideen was a group of country, who
donate a lot of financial support from the six country and military
training for mostly United State and Pakistan.
Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_war_in_Afghanistan#Pakistani_involvement_and_aid_to_the_Afghan_resistance
Mike
Storms = bad/negative instances that influences the problem
The events leading to this foremost war were concerning to the Saur Revolution and Democratic
Republic of Afghanistan.
During the Saur revolution, Mohammad Zahir Shah succeeded to the throne and control from 1933 to
1973. His cousin, Mohammad Daoud Khan, served as Prime Minister (1853 to 1963). The Marxist
PDPA (People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan) party was credited for significant growth during
these years. In 1967, the PDPA split into two rival faction groups, the khalq (Masses) faction headed
by Nur Muhammad Taraki and Hafizullah Amin against the Parcham (Banner) faction led by Babrak
Karmal.
Through charges of corruption and poor economic conditions, the former Prime Minister Daoud took
power in a practically violent-less military coup in 1973. Daoud ended the monarchy but wasnt
successful in the economic and social reforms to benefit the country. Daouds regime caused serious
opposition from the factions because of the authoritarianism brought on them. The PDPA joined
together again to end Daouds rule over them.
In 1978, the PDPA overthrew and executed Daoud along with the members of his family. Nur
Muhammad Taraki, Secretary General of the PDPA, became both the president of the Revolutionary
Council and Prime Minister of the newly formed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
During the Democratic Republic of Afghanistans power, the government was practically divided
along follower lines, with President Taraki and Deputy Prime Minister Hafizullah Amin of the Khalq
faction against Parcham leaders such as Babrak Karmal and Mohammad Najibullah. Conflicts resulted
in things like exiles, purges, and executions within the PDPA. Also, the PDPA applied a Marxist-style
program of reforms. It settled forth changes in marriage customs and land reforms that werent
supported by an exceedingly population believing in Islam.
Mid 1978, a rebellion began in the Nuristan region of eastern Afghanistan and civil war spread
throughout the country. In 1979, Deputy Prime Minister of Afghanistan Hafizullah Amin seized power
after a palace shootout that ended in the death of President Taraki. Unsteadiness overwhelmed Amins
regime as he moved against his opponents in the PDPA and the growing rebellion.
Energy = possible solutions

to help solve the problem
The Soviet-Afghan Friendship treaty: in 1978, Moscow

and Kabul signed a mutual treaty of friendship and
cooperation that allowed Soviet deployment in case of an
Afghan calls for the need of it. The Soviet military assistance
increased and the PDPA regime became more dependent on
Soviet military equipment and advisers. The Democratic
Republic of Afghanistan became more dependants on the
Soviet Union because of the worsening rebellion.
Fruit = consequences
of the problem
Since the PDPA applied a Marxist-style program of reforms it caused

the population really immersed in the strong tradition and Islam to start
the civil was that spread through the whole country. This negative
effect on the Country caused the death of President Taraki, and
required the Soviet deployment to aid PDPA contain the situation. It
caused the Country to split into 2 main opposing groups in a civil war.
Pests = things stopping

possible solutions to
the problem
Following the Soviet deployment of military, the Soviet troops were unsuccessful of
establishing authority outside Kabul. As much as 80% of the countryside still
escaped effective government control. The initial mission, to guard cities and
installations, was expanded to combat the anti-communist Mujahideen forces,
primarily using Soviet reservists.
Roots: how the problem

grew/manifested
The war involved casualties of innocent civilians due to the

rebel attacks between the Soviets, and becoming more
complex for the Soviet Union in the fighting areas such as in
mountainous terrain. They were repeated many of the
American Vietnam mistakes, winning almost all of the
conventional battles, but failing to control the countryside.
Heavy artillery was extensively used when fighting the rebel
forces and cost the Soviet Union a lot. All the interventions
had a play in the problem becoming hectic.
Beliefs = how the problem

escalated
The Afghanistan government didnt seem to be prepared for doing what

was necessary for the benefit of the country; instead the Soviets invaded
and took control of the situation after getting rid of Amin.
The Afghan resistance movement during the mid 1980s was assisted by
the U.S., U.K., China, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and others, that contributed
to the Moscows high military costs and stressed international relations. In
result, Afghan guerrillas were armed, funded, and trained mostly by the
U.S. and Pakistan. Plus, the donation of American-created FIM-92 Stinger
anti-aircraft missile systems increased the losses of the Soviet Air Force.
Other trees = other things influencing

the problem
Pakistans Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) and Special Service Group

(SSG) were actively involved in the conflict, and in cooperation with the
CIA and the U.S. Army Special Forces all supported the armed rebellion
against the Soviet threats.
After the Soviet invasion, Pakistans military ruler General Muhammad
Zia-ul-Haq accepted financial aid from the Western powers to help the
Muhajideen rebellion. The United States, the United Kingdom and Saudi
Arabia became major financial contributors to General Zia who was the
ruler of a neighbour country and helped by ensuring the Afghan resistance
was well-trained and well-funded.
In the 19780s, Pakistan received aid from the U.S. and took in millions of
Afghan (mostly Pashtun) refugees fleeing the Soviet occupation.
Cactus = an indirect cause of the

problem but a correlation could be
drawn
The Soviet Union withdraws from Afghanistan. This is because of the toll in
casualties, economic resources, and loss of support at home increasingly felt in
the Soviet Union was causing criticism of the occupation policy. Leonid
Brezhnev died in 1982. Mikhail Gorbachev took leadership in March 1985 and
opened up the countrys system, it became clearer that the U.S.S.R. wanted to
find a face-saving way to withdraw from Afghan.
Informal negotiations for a Soviet withdrawal from Afghan had been in
progress since 1982. In 1988, the governments of Pakistan and Afghanistan,
with the U.S. and S.U. serving as guarantors, signed and agreement settling the
major differences between them known as the Geneva accords. The United
Nations settled up a special Mission to supervise the process. In this way,
Najibullah and Moscow headed toward withdrawal. On July 20 1987, the
withdrawal of Soviet troops from the country was finally announced. Their exit
didnt bring lasting peace or resettlement due in part to U.S. and Pakistans
violations of Geneva accords.
The Fishbone
The Fishbone
1. 1979: The Beginning of

The War
Soviet forces gradually began to land in

Kabul, Afghanistan. December 25, 1979
On December 27, after crossing the
border, the soviet army overthrows the
afghan government and kills the
president Hafizullah Amin , and the
PM/Minister of defense Hafizullah Main
As part of Truman doctrine, President
Carter Approves military Aid to AntiSoviet Forces in Afghanistan
2.
On February of 1980, many afghans had

protested against the soviets occupation
in Kabul. However, hundreds have
ended up being killed or arrested. The
anti-soviet riot in Shindadnd was turned
down due to the soviet forces
Osama bin Laden began to provide
financial, organizational, and
engineering aid for the mujahedeen in
Afghanistan
3. 1985: rebel organizations

formed
Seven party mujahideen alliance is

formed in order to fight aginst the
soviet
4. 1988: Yhe birth of alQaeda
August 11, 1988, bin laden stated in

his meeting that the purpose of the
meeting was to, the establishment
of a new military group,
5. The end
On February 15, 1989 the soviets

withdrew its army after 115,000
Soviet soldiers begin to move out
after losing an estimated 15,000
troops in ten years as the result of
their fight with the anti-communist
group. mujahideen alliance
Grace
The end: The War

What was the end result of the war?:to
be explained
What did it accomplish what did it fail
to accomplish?: to be explained

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The Soviet-Afghan War

Intro: The War

Why did it start:

What was the issue:

A group called Guerrillas (mujahidin) a.k.a was formed in order to fight

Synopsis of the Soviet- Afghan War

Former president Jimmy Carter believed the Soviets were creating a

Storms = bad/negative instances that influences the problem

Energy = possible solutions

The Soviet-Afghan Friendship treaty: in 1978, Moscow

Since the PDPA applied a Marxist-style program of reforms it caused

Pests = things stopping

Roots: how the problem

The war involved casualties of innocent civilians due to the

Beliefs = how the problem

The Afghanistan government didnt seem to be prepared for doing what

Other trees = other things influencing

Pakistans Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) and Special Service Group

Cactus = an indirect cause of the

1. 1979: The Beginning of

Soviet forces gradually began to land in

On February of 1980, many afghans had

3. 1985: rebel organizations

Seven party mujahideen alliance is

4. 1988: Yhe birth of alQaeda

August 11, 1988, bin laden stated in

On February 15, 1989 the soviets

The end: The War

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