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    Powerpoint - Determination of Planck's Constant

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    Troy Giuseppe Tolentino
    A powerpoint summarizing the findings of the investigatory project using multiple light-emitting diodes to calculate for the Planck;s constant.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Powerpoint - Determination of Planck's Constant

    Uploaded by

    Troy Giuseppe Tolentino
    1K views37 pages
    A powerpoint summarizing the findings of the investigatory project using multiple light-emitting diodes to calculate for the Planck;s constant.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    A powerpoint summarizing the findings of the investigatory project using multiple light-emitting diodes to calculate for the Planck;s constant.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    1K views37 pages

    Powerpoint - Determination of Planck's Constant

    Uploaded by

    Troy Giuseppe Tolentino
    A powerpoint summarizing the findings of the investigatory project using multiple light-emitting diodes to calculate for the Planck;s constant.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 37
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are that this experiment aims to determine Planck's constant by plotting the turn-on voltage vs frequency of LEDs wired in parallel and to investigate the mechanism of LEDs and relate it to concepts in the course.

    An LED is a semiconductor device that emits light when voltage is applied across it. It consists of p-doped and n-doped semiconductor materials. When a sufficient voltage is applied, electrons can recombine with holes, releasing energy in the form of photons. The color depends on the band gap of the material.

    Multiple LEDs will only light up in parallel if they have similar turn-on voltages and electric properties. LEDs with lower turn-on voltages can 'steal' current from those with higher voltages. Differences in color, size, manufacturer, and aging can also affect whether they will light up together.

    DETERMINATION OF PLANCKS

    CONSTANT BY MULTIPLE LIGHT


    EMITTING DIODES
    C H A N , N E R I , PA G D AT O , T O L E N T I N O
    PHYSICS 73.1 X4

    INTRODUCTION

    WHAT IS A LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE (LED)?


    A semiconductor device that emits light when

    voltage is applied across it.


    A p-n junction diode
    Consist of p-doped and n-doped regions in its
    simplest form
    Conductor material is typically aluminum-galliumarsenide (AlGaAs)

    PARTS OF A LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE

    OPERATION OF AN LED
    A. No applied voltage
    The p- and n-doped regions are misaligned creating a

    potential barrier that blocks the flow of charge carriers


    Results to no current flow

    B. Applied voltage
    Conduction and valence bands align and the potential

    barrier height decreases


    Results to little current flow

    OPERATION OF AN LED
    C. Applied voltage exceeds turn-on voltage Vo
    The conduction and valence bands align and the potential

    barrier becomes low enough to allow charge carriers to


    move across the pn-junction
    Results to a current flow

    MAX PLANCK
    Proposed that atoms absorb and emit radiation in

    discrete quantities.
    Mathematically expressed as E = nhf
    In this experiment, the Vo of the diode is related to

    Eband gap and photon frequency by


    eVo = Eband gap = hf

    OBJECTIVES
    This experiment aims to determine Plancks

    constant by plotting the turn-on voltage vs


    frequency of the LEDs wired in a parallel circuit;
    and
    To investigate the mechanism of LEDs and relate

    it to the concepts encountered in the course.

    METHODOLOGY

    24V POWER SUPPLY


    D i re c t C u rre n t

    connected to a printed circuit board

    1k RESISTOR
    in series

    LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES (LEDs)


    in parallel with each other

    VOLTMETER
    also in parallel

    AMMETER
    in series

    R E C O R D VO LTAG E ( V ) a n d C U R R E N T ( m A ) R E A D I N G S
    a t m o s t 1 5 d i ff e r e n t r e a d i n g s

    *Voltage was not allowed to exceed 4V

    P LO T C U R R E N T v s . VO LTAG E

    CURRENT (mA)

    e s t i m a t e t h e t u r n - o n v o l t a g e f r o m t h e b e s t - fi t l i n e

    Vo
    V O LTA G E ( V )

    *just an illustration

    6 POSSIBLE COMBINATIONS
    3!

    P LO T T U R N - O N VO LTAG E v s . F R E Q U E N CY
    frequency of the LED with higher V o

    P L A N C K S C O N S TA N T

    RESULTS AND
    DISCUSSION

    VOLTAGE DROP
    *amount of voltage lost in the LED when operated at the
    certain reference current
    RED, ORANGE, YELLOW AND YELLOW-GREEN (1.8V)
    PURE GREEN, BLUE, WHITE, UV (3.3V)

    PARALLEL CIRCUITS
    Same voltage throughout
    Different current
    Connecting several LEDs in parallel with one

    resistor is generally not a good idea


    Current will take the path of the least resistance
    Hence, LED with less Vo steals the current from the higher

    Vo

    COLOR COMBINATIONS
    WHAT WORKED:
    Red and Orange
    Orange and Blue
    Orange and Violet
    Blue and Violet
    WHAT DIDNT:
    Red and Blue
    Red and Violet

    WHY DIDNT IT WORK?


    DIFFERENT ELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    Different colors
    Different sizes and manufacturers
    Manufactured in different batches
    COMPONENTS CHANGE
    Change in characteristics because of aging
    HEATING
    Different characteristics
    Heat increases, Vo decreases.

    I vs V (RED + ORANGE)
    0.02
    0.01

    f(x) = 0.03x - 0.05


    R = 0.98

    0.01
    0.01

    Current, I (mA)

    0.01
    0.01
    0
    0
    0
    1.7

    1.8

    1.9

    2
    Voltage, V (V)

    2.1

    2.2

    2.3

    I vs V (BLUE + VIOLET)
    0.02
    0.01

    f(x) = 0.05x - 0.15


    R = 0.97

    0.01
    0.01

    Current, I (mA)

    0.01
    0.01
    0
    0
    0
    2.75

    2.8

    2.85

    2.9

    2.95

    Voltage, V (V)

    3.05

    3.1

    I vs V (ORANGE + BLUE)
    0.02
    0.01
    0.01

    f(x) = 0.01x - 0.02


    R = 0.94

    0.01

    Curent, I (mA)

    0.01
    0.01
    0
    0
    0
    2.2

    2.4

    2.6

    2.8

    3.2

    Voltage, V (V)

    3.4

    3.6

    3.8

    4.2

    I vs V (ORANGE + VIOLET)
    0.02
    0.01
    f(x) = 0.04x - 0.12
    R = 0.93

    0.01
    0.01

    Current, I (mA)

    0.01
    0.01
    0
    0
    0
    2.7

    2.75

    2.8

    2.85

    2.9
    Voltage, V (V)

    2.95

    3.05

    3.1

    COLOR

    FREQUENCY
    (X1014 HZ)

    SLOPE

    YINTERCEPT

    Turn-on
    voltage (V),
    experimental

    Turn-on
    voltage (V),
    theoretical

    RED-ORANGE

    4.90

    0.0302

    0.0535

    1.771523

    2.026150

    ORANGE-BLUE

    6.53

    0.0086

    0.0217

    2.523256

    2.700155

    ORANGEVIOLET

    7.43

    0.0436

    0.1203

    2.759174

    3.072305

    BLUE-VIOLET

    7.43

    0.0544

    0.153

    2.8125

    3.072305

    Vo vs FREQUENCY
    3

    2.5

    f(x) = 0x - 0.16
    R = 0.99

    Turn on voltage(V)

    1.5

    0.5

    0
    400000000000000

    500000000000000

    600000000000000
    Frequency (Hz)

    700000000000000

    800000000000000

    Slope (eV.s)

    3.9994x10-15

    y-intercept (eV)

    -1.6197x10-1

    Theoretical
    Plancks Constant (eV.s)

    4.135x10-15

    PERCENT DEVIATION (%)

    3.2793%

    SOLUTION
    Separate resistors in parallel
    Calculate resistance
    If goal is to light all the LEDs, connect in series
    Needs higher working voltage
    Not the scope of the study

    CONCLUSION

    CONCLUSION
    Determination of Plancks constant is still feasible

    with multiple LEDs in parallel


    Only a certain combination of LEDs will light
    The LED with the higher theoretical turn-on

    voltage should be used

    RECOMMENDATIONS
    Higher voltage of power supply
    More LEDs in parallel
    More accurate measuring devices (more decimal

    places)
    Account for differences (better experimental

    procedure)
    Explore how the Plancks constant will be

    determined by connecting in series

    QUESTIONS?

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