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    3 Types of Rocks

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    Julieta Bias
    This document describes the three main types of rocks found on Earth - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. It provides details on how each type forms, how they are classified, examples of each type, and characteristic structures found within each type that provide clues about their formation history. Knowing the differences between these three rock types allows geologists to learn about Earth's geological past.

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    3 Types of Rocks

    Uploaded by

    Julieta Bias
    4K views35 pages
    This document describes the three main types of rocks found on Earth - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. It provides details on how each type forms, how they are classified, examples of each type, and characteristic structures found within each type that provide clues about their formation history. Knowing the differences between these three rock types allows geologists to learn about Earth's geological past.

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    This document describes the three main types of rocks found on Earth - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. It provides details on how each type forms, how they are classified, examples of each type, and characteristic structures found within each type that provide clues about their formation history. Knowing the differences between these three rock types allows geologists to learn about Earth's geological past.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    4K views35 pages

    3 Types of Rocks

    Uploaded by

    Julieta Bias
    This document describes the three main types of rocks found on Earth - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. It provides details on how each type forms, how they are classified, examples of each type, and characteristic structures found within each type that provide clues about their formation history. Knowing the differences between these three rock types allows geologists to learn about Earth's geological past.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 35

    3 types of rocks

    3 types of rocks
    There are 3 types of
    rocks found on Earth:
    Igneous
    Sedimentary
    Metamorphic

    Knowing the
    differences between
    these 3 types of
    rocks allows us to
    learn about Earths
    past.

    Igneous Rocks - Formation


    Igneous Rocks are
    formed by melting,
    cooling, and
    crystallization of
    other rocks.
    Igneous rocks form as
    a result of volcanic
    activity, hot spots,
    and melting that
    occurs in the
    mantle.

    Igneous rocks
    Igneous rocks are common along plate
    boundaries or mantle hot spots

    Igneous Rocks Classification


    Igneous rocks are
    classified using their
    texture in the following
    ways:
    Glassy
    Aphanitic (no visible
    crystals)
    Phaneritic (visible
    crystals)
    Porphyritic (Some visible
    and some not visible
    crystals)

    Igneous Rocks - Texture


    Crystal size is used
    to classify igneous
    rocks.
    Crystals form as the
    rock cools, and the
    crystal size can tell
    us a lot about its
    cooling history:
    The larger the
    crystals, the
    slower it cooled.

    Igneous Rocks - Texture


    Glassy igneous
    rocks have no
    crystal structure,
    and probably
    formed by very
    rapid cooling (such
    as on the surface
    of a lava, or when
    a lava enters the
    water.)

    Igneous Rocks - Texture


    Aphanitic rocks
    have no visible
    crystals, and
    probably formed by
    fast cooling above
    ground.

    Igneous Rocks - Texture


    Phaneritic rocks
    have visible
    crystals, and
    probably formed by
    slow cooling below
    ground.

    Igneous Rocks - Texture


    Porphyritic rocks
    have both visible
    and nonvisible
    crystals, and
    probably formed by
    two different
    cooling events.

    Igneous Rocks Classification


    Dark igneous rocks are
    formed from basaltic or
    mafic magma. (Mafic
    because it contains a lot
    of magnesium and iron).
    The magma that forms
    these rocks is usually
    very hot (around
    1000C) and viscous
    (about the same
    viscosity as ketchup.)

    Igneous Rocks Classification


    Light colored igneous
    rocks are formed from
    silicic (high silica
    content) or felsic
    magmas.
    The magmas that form
    these rocks is usually
    more cool, (lower than
    850C), and more
    viscous (about the
    viscosity of peanut
    butter.)

    Igneous rocks - Formations


    Structures and
    formations seen in
    igneous rocks
    include:
    Hexagonal
    columnar joints
    Pahoehoe lava
    flows
    Dikes, sills, and
    batholiths
    (plutons)
    Pillow basalts
    Volcanoes

    Igneous Rocks - Examples


    The most common
    types of igneous
    rocks include:

    Rhyolite
    Andesite
    Basalt
    Granite
    Diorite
    Gabbro

    Igneous rocks charted

    Igneous rocks - Story


    What do you know
    about the history of
    the Earth in the
    place where this
    rock was found?

    Sedimentary Rocks Formation


    Sedimentary rocks are
    formed by
    weathering, erosion,
    deposition,
    compaction, and
    cementation of other
    rocks.
    Sedimentary rocks
    form in areas where
    water, wind, or
    gravity deposit
    sediments.

    Sedimentary rocks formation


    Sedimentary rocks
    are likely to form in
    areas such as:

    Deltas
    Beaches
    Rivers
    Glaciers
    Sand dunes
    Shallow seas
    Deep oceans

    Sedimentary rocks Classification


    Sedimentary rocks
    are classified into
    two groups:
    Clastic rocks
    Chemically formed
    rocks

    Sedimentary rocks
    Classification
    Sedimentary rocks
    are Clastic if they
    are made of pieces
    of other rocks that
    have been
    weathered and
    eroded.
    Clastic rocks are
    grouped based on
    the size of grain that
    they are made from.

    Sedimentary rocks Classification


    Very small particles
    make up mudrock.
    Medium sized
    particles make up
    sandstone.
    Large particles
    make up
    conglomerates.

    Sedimentary rocks Classification


    Sedimentary rocks
    that form from
    chemical processes
    are called
    biochemical rocks
    (formed from living
    things) or Chemical
    precipitates
    (formed from lakes
    or shallow seas.)

    Sedimentary rocks formations


    Structures and
    formations seen in
    sedimentary rocks
    include:

    Stratification
    Cross bedding
    Graded bedding
    Ripple marks
    Mud cracks
    Fossils

    Sedimentary rocks Examples

    Some of the most


    common types of
    sedimentary rocks
    include:

    Conglomerate
    Sandstone
    Shale
    Limestone
    Gypsum
    Oolites
    Chert (including black
    flint and red jasper)

    Sedimentary rocks - Story


    What do you know
    about the history of
    the Earth in the
    place where this
    rock was found?

    Metamorphic rocks Formation


    Metamorphic rocks
    are formed by heat
    and pressure
    changing one type of
    rock into another
    type of rock.
    Metamorphic rocks
    form near lava
    intrusions, at plate
    subduction zones,
    and in deep
    mountain roots.

    Metamorphic rocks Formation


    Lava intrusions can
    provide heat that
    causes
    metamorphic rocks
    to form. These
    small areas of
    metamorphic rock
    form from contact
    metamorphosis.

    Metamorphic rocks Formation


    Rocks that
    metamorphose
    because of
    increasing heat and
    pressure found at
    plate subduction
    zones and in deep
    mountain roots form
    large areas of
    metamorphic rock
    through regional
    metamorphosis.

    Metamorphic rocks Classification


    Metamorphic rocks
    are classified into 2
    major groups:
    Foliated
    Nonfoliated

    Metamorphic rocks Classification


    Foliated rocks form when
    differential pressure
    causes minerals to form
    in layers.
    These rocks will have
    stripes or planes that they
    will break easily along.
    These stripes dont
    usually line up with the
    original bedding planes in
    sedimentary rocks.

    Metamorphic rocks
    Nonfoliated
    metamorphic rocks
    formed in areas
    where the pressure
    from all sides was
    equal, so there is
    no linear quality
    to the rocks.

    Metamorphic rocks Formations


    Structures and
    formations seen in
    metamorphic rocks
    include:

    Folding
    Plastic deformation
    Stretching
    Alternating dark
    and light layers
    (gneissic foliation)

    Metamorphic rocks Examples


    Some common types
    of metamorphic rock
    include:

    Slate
    Schist
    Gneiss
    Amphibolite
    Marble
    Quartzite
    Metaconglomerate

    Metamorphic rocks Charted

    Metamorphic rocks - story


    What do you know
    about the history of
    the Earth in the
    place where this
    rock was found?

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