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    Grade 11 - w2 - Earth and Life Science

    Uploaded by

    Leslie Mermelo
    The document provides an overview of Earth materials and processes for a Grade 11 Earth and Life Science course, including defining minerals and their properties, classifying the three main types of rocks, and explaining how magma forms inside the Earth and is released through plutonism and volcanism. Key concepts covered are the rock cycle, how heat forms in the Earth's interior, and how partial melting of the crust and upper mantle leads to the formation of magma that either cools below ground to form intrusive igneous rocks or erupts at the surface as lava to form extrusive igneous rocks.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Grade 11 - w2 - Earth and Life Science

    Uploaded by

    Leslie Mermelo
    414 views7 pages
    The document provides an overview of Earth materials and processes for a Grade 11 Earth and Life Science course, including defining minerals and their properties, classifying the three main types of rocks, and explaining how magma forms inside the Earth and is released through plutonism and volcanism. Key concepts covered are the rock cycle, how heat forms in the Earth's interior, and how partial melting of the crust and upper mantle leads to the formation of magma that either cools below ground to form intrusive igneous rocks or erupts at the surface as lava to form extrusive igneous rocks.

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    The document provides an overview of Earth materials and processes for a Grade 11 Earth and Life Science course, including defining minerals and their properties, classifying the three main types of rocks, and explaining how magma forms inside the Earth and is released through plutonism and volcanism. Key concepts covered are the rock cycle, how heat forms in the Earth's interior, and how partial melting of the crust and upper mantle leads to the formation of magma that either cools below ground to form intrusive igneous rocks or erupts at the surface as lava to form extrusive igneous rocks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    414 views7 pages

    Grade 11 - w2 - Earth and Life Science

    Uploaded by

    Leslie Mermelo
    The document provides an overview of Earth materials and processes for a Grade 11 Earth and Life Science course, including defining minerals and their properties, classifying the three main types of rocks, and explaining how magma forms inside the Earth and is released through plutonism and volcanism. Key concepts covered are the rock cycle, how heat forms in the Earth's interior, and how partial melting of the crust and upper mantle leads to the formation of magma that either cools below ground to form intrusive igneous rocks or erupts at the surface as lava to form extrusive igneous rocks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    MARY JOSETTE ACADEMY, INC.

    Tigbe, Norzagaray, Bulacan


    maryjosetteacademy@gmail.com

    NAME:

    GRADE AND STRAND:

    GRADE: 11
    SEMESTER: FIRST SEMESTER
    SUBJECT TITLE: EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE
    NO. OF HOURS/SEM: 80 hours/semester

    EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

    Prepared by:

    LESLIE S. MERMELO

    NOTE: Only the Activities, and Quiz in each learning Kit shall be returned/ submitted during
    the drop-off of the answered modules.

    1|Page
    Quarter 1 - Module 2 EARTH MATERIALS AND PROCESSES
    Part 1
    Learning Competencies

     identify common rock-forming minerals using their physical and chemical properties,
     classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic,
     describe where the Earth’s internal heat comes from and how magma is formed; and
     describe what happens after magma is formed (plutonism and volcanism)

    MINERALS

    Although, it is difficult to formulate a clear and concise definition for the word mineral, this
    statement is generally accepted: “ A mineral is naturally occurring homogenous inorganic solid
    that possesses a crystalline structure and definite chemical composition that can vary only within
    specified limits.”

    Properties of Minerals

    1. Crystal habit 7. Fracture


    2. Luster 8. Specific Gravity
    3. Color 9. Tenacity
    4. Streak 10. Other properties (taste and smell)
    5. Hardness
    6. Cleavage

    Mineral Groups

    Although more than 4,000 minerals have already been identified, only a few can be classified as
    rock-forming minerals.

    Common Rock-forming Mineral Description


    Feldspars are a collection of rock-forming
    Feldspars tectosilicate minerals that make up by weight
    about 41% of the mainland surface of the Earth
    Feldspar is the name given to a group of
    minerals distinguished by the presence of
    alumina and silica (SiO2) in their chemistry. 
    Color : pink, white, gray, brown

    Quartz is one of the most common minerals in


    Quartz the Earth’s crust. As a mineral name, quartz
    refers to a specific chemical compound (silicon
    dioxide, or silica, SiO2), having a specific
    crystalline form (hexagonal). It is found in all
    forms of rock: igneous, metamorphic and

    2|Page
    sedimentary.
    Color: Pure quartz is clear. Color variance due
    to impurities: purple (amethyst), white (milky
    quartz), black (smoky quartz), pink (rose
    quartz) and yellow or orange (citrine).
    Pyroxenes are a group of dark-colored rock-
    Pyroxenes forming minerals found in igneous and 
    metamorphic rocks throughout the world. They
    form under conditions of high temperature
    and/or high pressure. It consist of single chains
    of linked SiO4 tetrahedra, each of which shares
    two O atoms with its neighbour.

    Clay minerals are composed essentially of


    Clay silica, alumina or magnesia or both, and water,
    but iron substitutes for aluminum and
    magnesium in varying degrees, and appreciable
    quantities of potassium, sodium, and calcium
    are frequently present as well.

    Mica, any of a group of hydrous potassium,


    aluminum silicate minerals. It is a mineral
    Mica name given to a group of minerals that are
    physically and chemically similar.  They are all
    silicate minerals, known as sheet silicates
    because they form in distinct layers.  Micas are
    fairly light and relatively soft, and the sheets
    and flakes of mica are flexible.

    ROCKS

    Rocks are naturally consolidated materials consisting of one or more minerals; they may or may
    not contain organic matter, rocks, fragments, or glass. They are found everywhere on the surface
    of the Earth.

    Rocks are formed and destroyed in cycles. This is illustrated by the Rock Cycle. The Rock Cycle
    helps in understanding the formation, breakdown, and reformation of the three rocks type –
    igneous, sedimentary, and
    metamorphic rocks

    Magma is formed by the partial


    melting of the oceanic crust and/or
    upper mantle. It eventually cools
    and solidifies, either beneath the
    surface or at the surface, to form
    igneous rocks. Igneous rocks
    exposed at the surface slowly
    disintegrate or decompose upon
    exposure to the physical and
    chemical process occurring at or
    near the surface. The processes is
    called weathering.

    3|Page
    Sedimentary rocks buried deep within Earth or intruded by a mass of magma are
    subjected to pressure and/or heat. The sedimentary rocks will react to these conditions,
    transforming them into metamorphic rocks.

    When metamorphic rocks are subjected to additional pressure changes and/or higher
    temperature that exceeded the rock’s melting temperature, they will melt, creating magma.
    Ultimately, magma will crystallize and solidify to form igneous rocks.

    Why Is Earth Hot Inside?

    The heat of Earth’s interior comes from a variety of


    sources. These include the heat contained in the objects that
    accreted to form Earth, and the heat produced when they
    collided. As Earth grew larger, the increased pressure on
    Earth’s interior caused it to compress and heat up.  Heat also
    came from friction when melted material was redistributed
    within Earth, forming the core and mantle.

    Magma and How it Forms

    The term magma was derived from the Greek word


    magma, meaning “ thick unguent ointment,” that was derived
    from the root word massein meaning “ to knead or to mold.”
    Magma is a naturally occurring hot mobile molten rock mass
    that is generated within Earth. Lava is a molten rock that reaches
    Earth’s surface, coming into direct contact with the air or water.

    Magma forms as a result of partial melting various levels


    within Earth’s crust and upper mantle depths that may exceed 200 km. This is due to radiogenic
    heat and/o decrease of pressure.

    PLUTONISM & VOLCANISM


    Plutonism

    On 1788, James Hutton developed the idea about plutonism. He stated that the formation of
    intrusive igneous rocks or plutonic rocks came from the solidification of magma beneath the Erath’s
    surface. These rocks will reach the Earth’s surface through the process of uplifting – a force that pulls
    the crust apart and lets the rocks from the underground to be brought up.

    When the hot molten magma does not solidify, it will be brought up to the Earth’s surface
    through uplifting. When the magma reaches the surface, it became lava – streams of molten rocks to
    cool and solidify to form extrusive igneous rocks.

    Volcanism

    Magma is being brought up to the surface through a volcano – any opening in the Earth’s crust that
    allows magma and gases to be released in the upper crust. This process of bringing up the magma is
    volcanism.

    4|Page
    NAME:

    GRADE AND STRAND:

    SUBJECT TITLE: EARTH AND LIFE SCIECE

    Activity 1.1

    A. Supply the missing part in the Rock Cycle

    B. Explain the process of the rock cycle

    ________________________________________________________________________
    ________________________________________________________________________
    ________________________________________________________________________
    ________________________________________________________________________
    ________________________________________________________________________
    ________________________________________________________________________

    Activity 1.2

    1. What are the importance of minerals and rocks? (5 pts)


    ________________________________________________________________________
    ________________________________________________________________________
    ________________________________________________________________________
    ________________________________________________________________________
    ________________________________________________________________________

    5|Page
    ________________________________________________________________________
    ________________________________________________________________________

    2. What are the uses of common rock forming minerals? (5pts each)

    common rock forming minerals Uses

    1. Quartz

    2. Mica

    3. Clay

    Activity 1.3

    Reflection

    Importance of Magma on the Rock cycle (5 pts)

    ______________________________________________________________________________
    ______________________________________________________________________________
    ______________________________________________________________________________
    ______________________________________________________________________________
    ______________________________________________________________________________
    ______________________________________________________________________________
    ______________________________________________________________________________
    ______________________________________________________________________________

    6|Page
    7|Page

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