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    Unit 7 - CNC - Lecture 1

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    Rakshith
    This document provides an overview of computer numerical control (CNC) systems. It discusses the evolution of machine tools and milestones like Maudsley's screw cutting machine. It then defines CNC as being derived from numerical control, where machine tools are controlled by symbolic codes. The key components of a CNC system are described as the part program containing instructions, machine control unit to convert instructions to signals, and the machine itself. Different types of CNC systems like point-to-point and continuous path are also summarized.

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    Unit 7 - CNC - Lecture 1

    Uploaded by

    Rakshith
    128 views20 pages
    This document provides an overview of computer numerical control (CNC) systems. It discusses the evolution of machine tools and milestones like Maudsley's screw cutting machine. It then defines CNC as being derived from numerical control, where machine tools are controlled by symbolic codes. The key components of a CNC system are described as the part program containing instructions, machine control unit to convert instructions to signals, and the machine itself. Different types of CNC systems like point-to-point and continuous path are also summarized.

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    Unit 7 - Cnc - Lecture 1

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    This document provides an overview of computer numerical control (CNC) systems. It discusses the evolution of machine tools and milestones like Maudsley's screw cutting machine. It then defines CNC as being derived from numerical control, where machine tools are controlled by symbolic codes. The key components of a CNC system are described as the part program containing instructions, machine control unit to convert instructions to signals, and the machine itself. Different types of CNC systems like point-to-point and continuous path are also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    128 views20 pages

    Unit 7 - CNC - Lecture 1

    Uploaded by

    Rakshith
    This document provides an overview of computer numerical control (CNC) systems. It discusses the evolution of machine tools and milestones like Maudsley's screw cutting machine. It then defines CNC as being derived from numerical control, where machine tools are controlled by symbolic codes. The key components of a CNC system are described as the part program containing instructions, machine control unit to convert instructions to signals, and the machine itself. Different types of CNC systems like point-to-point and continuous path are also summarized.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 20

    UNIT 7

    Computer Numerical
    Control
    CNC

    Evolution of Machine Tools

    Evolution of Machine Tools


    First Milestone: Application of
    Power

    Evolution of Machine Tools


    Maudsleys Screw Cutting Machine is second
    milestone in machine tools in which spindle and
    tool motion were synchronized

    Evolution of Machine Tools


    Copying arrangement for Machining is third
    milestone in automation in which hard
    templates/masters were used to machine
    components.

    Evolution of Machine Tools


    In-process gauging is a fourth milestone

    Evolution of Machine Tools

    CNC or Computer Numerical Control is a term


    derived from NC or Numerical Control.

    NC refers to Control of a process or automatic


    operation of a machine by using symbolic codes
    consisting of characters and numbers.

    NC was introduced in late 40s to control machine


    tools such as Drilling and Milling machines. One of
    the first applications of NC machine tool was in
    production of helicopter rotor blades and ship
    propellers.

    CNC : Computer Numerical Control


    Conventionally, an operator decides and adjusts
    various machines parameters like feed , depth of cut
    etc depending on type of job , and controls the slide
    movements by hand. In a CNC Machine functions and
    slide movements are controlled by motors using
    computer programs.
    Components Of a CNC System

    Part
    Program

    Machin
    e
    Control
    Unit

    Machine

    CNC : Computer Numerical Control


    PART PROGRAM
    Set of Instructions
    Each instruction specifies a particular operation to be
    done
    Can be written manually or automated
    All instructions work towards achieving the final
    dimension of the workpiece from its initial geometry
    Instructions include: Tool motion, Feed rate, Spindle
    speed, tool change, coolant on/off and many others

    Computer Numerical
    Control
    PART PROGRAM

    Punched Tape

    CNC : Computer Numerical Control


    Machine Control Unit (MCU)

    Converts instructions into electrical signals


    Sends these signals to motors and other components to
    perform the specified function
    Gathers feed back signals from the machine tool
    Adjusts machining parameters as per feed back

    Classification of CNC Systems

    Type of Tool
    Motion
    -Point to Point
    (PTP)
    - Continous

    Co-ordinate
    System
    -Incremental
    - Absolute

    Type of Feed Back


    -Open Loop
    -Closed Loop

    Point to Point Systems

    Drilling Holes, Tapping, Probe based Inspection using


    CMM, Welding, Pick and Place operations, Rivetting

    Continuous path system


    Straight Path

    Contour

    Absolute Co-ordinate
    system
    y

    (C. x=5, y=7)


    D. (x=8, y=6)

    GOTO
    Y=2
    GOTO
    Y=4
    GOTO
    Y=7
    GOTO
    Y=6

    X=3,
    X=6,

    B. (x=6,
    y=4)

    X=5,
    A. (x=3,
    y=2)

    X=8,

    (0,0)

    Incremental Co-ordinate
    system
    (C. x=5, y=7)
    (0,0) for Point D

    GOTO X=3,
    Y=2

    D. (x=8, y=6)

    GOTO X = 3, Y
    =2
    GOTO X=-1,
    Y =3
    GOTO X= 3,
    Y=-1

    (0,0)

    (0,0) for Point C


    B. (x=6,
    y=4)
    (0,0) for Point B
    A. (x=3,
    y=2)

    Absolute and Incremental


    Systems
    In the Absolute system, Interruptions caused by, for
    example, tool breakage (or tool change, or checking the
    parts), would not affect the position at the interruption.
    Easy change of dimensional data Absolute System
    Incremental System Useful for cycles and mirroring

    Advantages of CNC
    Higher flexibility
    Increased productivity
    Improved quality
    Reduced scrap rate
    Reliable and Safe operation
    Smaller footprint

    Video Time

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