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    Final Lecture Land Plants Review BIOL 1065

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    Meagan Mahangoo
    The document outlines the characteristics of land and aquatic environments and the challenges they present to plant life. It discusses how early land plants evolved features like vascular tissue, cuticles, and roots to transport water and nutrients and support their structures in the terrestrial environment. The major challenges of land life included desiccation, transporting water and nutrients between plant parts, gravity support, and dispersing reproductive units. Vascular plants further adapted through traits like megaphylls, heterospory, and the seed habit which protected embryos and allowed reproduction without free water. The evolution of these traits enabled plants to fully colonize land.

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    Final Lecture Land Plants Review BIOL 1065

    Uploaded by

    Meagan Mahangoo
    34 views14 pages
    The document outlines the characteristics of land and aquatic environments and the challenges they present to plant life. It discusses how early land plants evolved features like vascular tissue, cuticles, and roots to transport water and nutrients and support their structures in the terrestrial environment. The major challenges of land life included desiccation, transporting water and nutrients between plant parts, gravity support, and dispersing reproductive units. Vascular plants further adapted through traits like megaphylls, heterospory, and the seed habit which protected embryos and allowed reproduction without free water. The evolution of these traits enabled plants to fully colonize land.

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    Biology Plants

    Original Title

    Final Lecture Land Plants Review BIOL 1065 (1)

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    The document outlines the characteristics of land and aquatic environments and the challenges they present to plant life. It discusses how early land plants evolved features like vascular tissue, cuticles, and roots to transport water and nutrients and support their structures in the terrestrial environment. The major challenges of land life included desiccation, transporting water and nutrients between plant parts, gravity support, and dispersing reproductive units. Vascular plants further adapted through traits like megaphylls, heterospory, and the seed habit which protected embryos and allowed reproduction without free water. The evolution of these traits enabled plants to fully colonize land.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    34 views14 pages

    Final Lecture Land Plants Review BIOL 1065

    Uploaded by

    Meagan Mahangoo
    The document outlines the characteristics of land and aquatic environments and the challenges they present to plant life. It discusses how early land plants evolved features like vascular tissue, cuticles, and roots to transport water and nutrients and support their structures in the terrestrial environment. The major challenges of land life included desiccation, transporting water and nutrients between plant parts, gravity support, and dispersing reproductive units. Vascular plants further adapted through traits like megaphylls, heterospory, and the seed habit which protected embryos and allowed reproduction without free water. The evolution of these traits enabled plants to fully colonize land.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 14

    Land Plants Review -objectives

    Outline the characteristics of the terrestrial environment


    and the challenge these present to plant life
    Identify features/characteristics of the land plant best
    suited to life on land (concept of the ideal land plant)
    Link those features to a particular challenge posed by
    the physical environment
    Evaluation of the extent to which members of the major
    plant groups are best suited to life on land.
    Identification the major plant group best suited to life on
    land

    Characteristics of land and aquatic


    environments
    Land
    Diphasic- atmospheric
    and ground/soil phase
    Atmosphere-dry
    Light abundant
    Gravity no support
    Soil water
    Lots of mineral
    nutrients

    Aquatic
    Monophasic

    Lots of water
    Limited nutrients
    Limited light
    Lots of support

    Plant forms in land and aquatic


    environments
    Land
    Plant body must have
    a portion of its body in
    the soil and a portion
    in the atmosphere in
    order to obtain what it
    needs for growth

    Aquatic
    Open ocean
    Motile unicellular plant body
    able to move to nutrient rich
    areas stays near the surface
    diffusion of water, nutrients,
    gases across the cell
    membrane
    Simple multicellular plant
    body- plant body always well
    watered-all of the plant body in
    one phase therefore no need
    for transport system

    Challenges of and solutions to land


    existence
    Challenge
    Desiccation water
    available only as water
    vapour

    1. not coping cheap


    but plant dies
    2. Toleranceexpensive plant
    grows slowly
    3. stress tolerant
    spores
    4.Desiccation
    avoidance

    Challenges of and solutions to land


    existence
    Challenge
    Desiccation

    Solution
    Desiccation avoidance
    A-Retaining water in the
    plant waxy cuticle on
    plant surface
    B-Obtaining a supply of
    water-achieved by
    production of rhizoids or
    roots which absorb water

    Challenges of and solutions to land


    existence
    Challenge
    Need to transport
    water and food
    between parts of the
    plant which occupy
    the atmospheric and
    soil phases

    Solution
    Vascular tissues
    xylem transport
    water and phloem
    transports sugars

    Challenges of and solutions to land


    existence
    Challenge
    Gravity the plant
    body which occupy
    the atmospheric
    phase must be
    supported

    Solution
    Collenchyma,
    sclerenchyma, xylem,
    turgid parenchyma

    Challenges of and solutions to land


    existence
    Challenge
    Medium for dispersal
    of reproductive units
    (seeds, spores)

    Solution
    Wind dispersal
    Animal dispersal

    Factors affecting plant evolution

    Physical environment
    Competition
    Defense
    Exploitation
    Parasitism
    Carnivory
    Mutualism
    Co evolution

    Review -Gametophyte form


    CharoLiverHornMossesFerns...Seedplants
    axial
    thalloidthalloidaxialthalloidreduced

    Notethetrendingametophytestructure

    Comparison of sporophyte and gametophyte form

    http://images.google.tt/imgres?imgurl=http://universereview.ca/I10-68-cots.jpg&imgrefurl=http://universereview.ca/R10-34-anatomy2.htm&usg=__dicots%26gbv
    %3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG

    Review adaptations of nonvascular plants


    CharophytesLiverwortsHornwortsMossesVascularPlants

    Axialgametophytes

    Hadrome&leptome
    Stomata
    embryo,truegametangia,multicellularsporophyte,sporangium,
    cuticle,sporopollenininsporewalls

    Review adaptations of vascular


    plants
    Microphyllophyta Pteridophyta Gymnosperms Angiosperms

    Coveredseed,flowers,fruit,
    doubleferilisation

    Nakedseedfertilisationnolonger
    dependentonswimminggametes
    Megaphylls,greatersporeproductioncapacity,protection
    forsporangiaachievedinvariousways,heterosporyand
    homospory

    Vasculartissuetruestems,leavesandroots,microphylls,heterosporyinsome
    species,homosporyinmost,sporangiainconesforgreaterprotection

    Evolution of the seed habit


    Heterospory
    Endosporic development of gametophytes.
    Female megaspore and therefore
    gametophyte retained
    Male gametophyte released male
    gametes not released reduced to nuclei.
    Pollen tube takes male nuclei directly to the
    egg. Need for water eliminated

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