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    Eugene P. Mayer: Office: Bldg. #2, Rm. B19 Phone: 733-3281 Email: MAYER@MED - SC.EDU

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    Mh Bz
    This document provides an overview of the immune system and factors that influence antigen immunogenicity. It defines key terms like antigen, immunogen, and antibody. The immune system has nonspecific cellular and humoral components as well as specific cell-mediated and humoral responses. Factors that influence antigen immunogenicity include properties of the antigen itself like size, structure, and degradability as well as the route of administration, dose, and use of adjuvants. Antigens can be proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids or lipids and elicit different types of immune responses.

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    Eugene P. Mayer: Office: Bldg. #2, Rm. B19 Phone: 733-3281 Email: MAYER@MED - SC.EDU

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    Mh Bz
    25 views18 pages
    This document provides an overview of the immune system and factors that influence antigen immunogenicity. It defines key terms like antigen, immunogen, and antibody. The immune system has nonspecific cellular and humoral components as well as specific cell-mediated and humoral responses. Factors that influence antigen immunogenicity include properties of the antigen itself like size, structure, and degradability as well as the route of administration, dose, and use of adjuvants. Antigens can be proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids or lipids and elicit different types of immune responses.

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    This document provides an overview of the immune system and factors that influence antigen immunogenicity. It defines key terms like antigen, immunogen, and antibody. The immune system has nonspecific cellular and humoral components as well as specific cell-mediated and humoral responses. Factors that influence antigen immunogenicity include properties of the antigen itself like size, structure, and degradability as well as the route of administration, dose, and use of adjuvants. Antigens can be proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids or lipids and elicit different types of immune responses.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    25 views18 pages

    Eugene P. Mayer: Office: Bldg. #2, Rm. B19 Phone: 733-3281 Email: MAYER@MED - SC.EDU

    Uploaded by

    Mh Bz
    This document provides an overview of the immune system and factors that influence antigen immunogenicity. It defines key terms like antigen, immunogen, and antibody. The immune system has nonspecific cellular and humoral components as well as specific cell-mediated and humoral responses. Factors that influence antigen immunogenicity include properties of the antigen itself like size, structure, and degradability as well as the route of administration, dose, and use of adjuvants. Antigens can be proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids or lipids and elicit different types of immune responses.

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    Eugene P.

    Mayer
    Office: Bldg. #2, Rm. B19
    Phone: 733-3281
    Email: MAYER@MED.SC.EDU

    Overview of the Immune System

    Im m u n e S y s te m
    N o n s p e c ific
    C e llu la r
    C o m p o n e n ts

    H u m o ra l
    C o m p o n e n ts

    S p e c ific
    C e ll-M e d ia te d

    H u m o ra l
    (A b )

    Antigens

    Definitions

    Immunogen
    Antigen (Ag)
    Hapten
    Epitope or Antigenic Determinant
    Antibody (Ab)

    Factors Influencing Immunogenicity


    Contribution of the Immunogen
    Foreignness
    Size

    Chemical Composition

    Primary Structure
    Secondary Structure
    Tertiary Structure
    Quarternary Structure

    Sequence determinants
    Conformational
    determinants

    Factors Influencing Immunogenicity


    Contribution of the Immunogen

    Foreigness
    Size
    Chemical Composition
    Physical Form
    Particulate > Soluble
    Denatured > Native

    Factors Influencing Immunogenicity


    Contribution of the Immunogen

    Foreigness
    Size
    Chemical Composition
    Physical Form
    Degradability
    Ag processing by Ag Presenting Cells (APC)

    Factors Influencing
    Immunogenicity
    Method of Administration
    Dose
    Route
    Subcutaneous > Intravenous > Intragastric

    Adjuvant
    Substances that enhance an immune response to
    an Ag

    Factors Influencing
    Immunogenicity
    Contribution of the Biological
    System

    Genetics

    Species
    Individual
    Responders vs Non-responders

    Age

    Chemical Nature of Immunogens

    Proteins
    Polysaccharides
    Nucleic Acids
    Lipids

    Types of Antigens
    T-independent
    Polysaccharides
    Properties
    Polymeric structure
    Polyclonal B cell
    activation
    Yes -Type 1 (TI-1)
    No - Type 2 (TI-2)

    Resistance to
    degradation
    Examples
    Pneumococcal polysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide
    Flagella

    Types of Antigens
    T-dependent
    Structure
    Proteins
    Examples
    Microbial
    proteins
    Non-self or
    Altered-self
    proteins

    Hapten-carrier conjugates
    Definition
    Structure

    native
    determinants
    haptenic
    determinants

    Haptenic determinants

    Native determinants

    Antigenic Determinants
    Recognized by B cells and Ab
    Composition
    Proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids
    Sequence (linear) determinants
    Conformational determinants

    Size
    4-8 residues

    Antigenic Determinants
    Recognized by B cells and Ab
    Composition
    Size
    Number
    Limited
    Located on the
    external surfaces
    of the Ag

    Fe

    Antigenic Determinants
    Recognized by T cells
    Composition
    Proteins
    Sequence determinants
    Processed
    MHC presentation

    Size
    8 -15 residues

    Number
    Limited to those that can bind to MHC

    Definition

    Superantigens

    Conventional Antigen

    Monoclonal/Oligoclonal
    T cell response
    1:104 - 1:105

    Superantigen

    Polyclonal T cell response


    1:4 - 1:10

    Definition
    Examples

    Superantigens

    Staphylococcal enterotoxins
    Staphylococcal toxic shock toxin
    Staphylococcal exfoliating toxin
    Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins

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