MECH4450 Introduction To Finite Element Methods
MECH4450 Introduction To Finite Element Methods
MECH4450 Introduction To Finite Element Methods
Element Methods
Boundary Conditions
Dirichlet BC: Temperature is prescribed
x2 y3 - x3 y2 x3 y1 - x1 y3
( 1 x y) 2
(1 x y)
T2 1 y 2 - y3 y3 - y1
2 Ae x -x 2 Ae x -x
T3 1 3
3 2
x1 y2 - x2 y1
3
(1 x y)
y1 - y2
2 Ae x -x
2 1
x1 y2 - x2 y1
3
(1 x y) A3
y1 - y2
2 Ae x - x Ae
2 1
3
2
1
FEM Implementation of 2-D Heat
Conduction Shape Functions
x h x h
1 1 - 1 - 2 1 -
a b a b
xh x h
3 4 1 -
ab ab
Note: The local node numbers should be arranged in a counter-clockwise sense. Otherwise, the area
Of the element would be negative and the stiffness matrix cannot be formed.
1 2 4
3
FEM Implementation of 2-D Heat
Conduction Element Equation
Weak Form of 2-D Model Problem -----
Assume approximation:
j
i j
i
where K ij
dxdy
We
x x y y
FEM Implementation of 2-D Heat
Conduction Element Equation for Linear
Triangular Element
r2 r r r r
T1 l23 l23 l31 l23 l12
r r r2 r r
[ K ] l23 l31 l31 l31 l12
r r r r
4 Ae r2
l23
l12 l31 l12 l12
T2
T3
is the length vector from the ith node to the jth node
Q1 q1
{ F}
2 - q2
Q
Q q
3 3
Assembly of Stiffness Matrices
,,,,,
Imposing Boundary Conditions
The meaning of qi: the heat transported through the ith node coming from the normal heat flux
of the two sides that are connected to this node.
3 q1(1) qn(1)1(1) ds n 1
q
(1) (1)
ds n 1
q
(1) (1)
ds n 1 ds
q (1) (1)
3 G1 (1)
h12 (1)
h23 (1)
h31
1
1 n 1
q
(1) (1)
ds n 1 ds
q (1) (1)
Because of the local support
1 (1) (1) property of .
2 h12 h31
2
q2(1) qn(1)2(1) ds n 2
q
(1) (1)
ds n 2
q
(1) (1)
ds n 2 ds
q (1) (1)
G1 (1)
h12 (1)
h23 (1)
h31
n 2
q
(1) (1)
ds n 2 ds
q (1) (1)
Because of the local support
3 (1)
h12 (1)
h23 property of .
1 q3(1) qn(1)3(1) ds n 3
q
(1) (1)
ds n 3
q
(1) (1)
ds n 3 ds
q (1) (1)
G1 (1)
h12 (1)
h23 (1)
h31
2
n 3
q
(1) (1)
ds n 3 ds
q (1) (1)
Because of the local support
(1)
h23 (1)
h31 property of .
Imposing Boundary Conditions
Consider q2 q q (1)
2
(2)
1
q3 q3(1) q4(2)
q1(2) n 1 ds n 1 ds
(2) (2) (2) (2)
q q
q ds q ds
(1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
q 2 n 2 n 2
( 2) ( 2)
(1)
h12 (1)
h23 h12 h41
q4(2) 4 ds 4 ds
(2) (2) (2) (2)
q q
q ds q ds
(1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
q 3 n 3 n 3 n n
(2) ( 2)
(1)
h23 (1)
h31 h34 h41
FEM implementation:
n 2 ds - n 1 ds; n 3 ds - n 4 ds
(1) (1) (2) (2) (1) (1) (2) (2)
q q q q
(1) (2) (1) (2)
h23 h41 h23 h41
q3 3 ds 4 ds
(1) (1) (2) (2)
q q
q2 n 2 ds n 1 ds
(1) (1) (2) (2)
q q n n
(1) ( 2)
(1)
h12 ( 2)
h12 h31 h34
Calculating the q Vector
Example:
qn 0
T 293K
qn 1
2-D Steady-State Heat Conduction - Example
A D
AB: qn 0
CD: convection h 50W T 25o C
m C
2 o
0.6 m
C
B
0.4 m
Connectivity Table
y
Element equations:
Load vector:
Final solution:
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