King Arthur Legends: Introductions To The Man, The Legend, The Hero

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Some of the key takeaways are that Arthur was likely a Celtic warlord who defended Britain from invaders, his story has been passed down orally and in various writings over time, and he demonstrates characteristics of a romantic hero.

Medieval romances typically involve knights, kings, quests, magic/supernatural elements, castles/forests, heroic characters, disguises, and romantic love.

The two versions of how Arthur received Excalibur are the Sword in the Stone and the Lady of the Lake versions.

King Arthur Legends

Introductions to the man, the


legend, the hero
The Soldier
Not a king but a Celtic warlord/general

Successful against barbarians who


invaded England

Trained in way by the Romans


Legend
Story passed down by word of mouth from
generation to generation
Have been written down in 6 different
languages, therefore spellings vary
Most popular: Thomas Malorys Le Morte
d Arthur, Lord Tennysons Idylls of the
King, and T. H. Whites The Once and
Future King
Legend of Excalibur
Two versions: Sword in the Stone and
Lady of the Lake
Characteristics of Medieval
Romances
Knights, kings, lords, queens
Chivalryideal qualities of knighthood
A quest
Good vs. evil
Magicmysterious, supernatural events
Castles, gardens, forests
Larger than life heroescan have magic or
extraordinary powers
Use disguises to conceal true identity
Romantic love
Quest
Adventure for something/someone of
importance
Has to be of personal significance
Elements of mysterymonsters, evil, etc.
Long voyage
Defeats the foe
Dangerous
Hero matures through quest
Examples: Star Wars, An American Tale, The
Fugitive, Lord of the Rings Trilogy
Characteristics of the Romantic
Hero
Larger than life Intelligent
Wants to make world better Witty
Has inner drive, strength Imaginative
Usually young Has contact with world above
Physically and mentally strong Leader
Close to nature; understands Actions bring food to people
ways of earth God-like
Lives clean life, uncluttered, Can come from magical origins
simple
courteous; has self-control
Has endurance
Chivalry
Qualities of a Knight
Physically strong Must make good on
Experienced his word
horsemen Polite and courteous
Well trained in use of Could take on only
weapons fair or just fight
Must love honor Swore to defend and
Must right wrongs honor all women
Willing to risk own life Loyal to his lord, his
Must defend weak family and his
comrades
Aspects of the Professional Warrior
Weapons
His flag
Horse
Had to have at least three
A battle horse
Horse for route
Pack horse for luggage
Attendants
Required several
One to conduct horses
One to bear heaviest weapons
One to aid master in mounting horses
One to guard prisoners
Arthurian legends are examples of
medieval romances
Sir Thomas Malory was responsible for
making the story Englishalso
romanticized it
Tennyson wrote heroic version of legends
Important People and Places
King Arthurson of Uther Pendragon;
King of Britian; founder of the Knights of
the Round Table
Avalonisland in the western seas where
King Arthur goes at his death
Sir Bediverelast of the Knights of the
Round Table
Camelotcity where Arthurs court is
established
Sir EctorArthurs foster father
ExcaliburArthurs sword
Sir Galahadson of Sir Lancelot and
purest of Arthurs knights; succeeds in the
quest for the Holy Grail
Sir GarethGawains brother and Arthurs
nephew; assumes disguise as Beaumains
Sir Gawainnephew to King Arthur; son
of Morgana; most courteous of Arthurs
knights
Queen Guineveredaughter of King
Lodegreaunce; Arthurs wife
Holy Grailcup used at Last Supper;
object of quests of Knights of the Round
Table
Sir KayArthurs foster brother and
steward
Lady of the LakeGives Arthur his sword
Sir Launcelot (Lancelot) du LakeGreatest
of the Knights of the Round Table; father
of Sir Galahad
Merlyn/Merlina magician; counselor to
Arthur
Sir Modredarthurs nephew; plots to
overthrow the king
Morgan le FayArthurs half sister; a
sorceress
Round Tablea wedding gift from Arthurs
father-in-law; provided seats for 150
knights
History of Britian/Significance of
Arthur
The story begins with the battle at Troy.
Rome was then founded by Aeneas.
Britians royal lineage supposedly comes
from this ancient lineage. Felix Brutus
supposedly founded England and Arthur
and his royal successors follow this
fashion.
Movies
First Knight
Excalibur
Camelot
King Arthur
The Sword in the Stone
Kinghts of the Round Table
Etc.
Quiz
1. What is the code of honor observed by
the knights?
2. The Arthurian legends are examples of
what form of writing?
3. What are the two different versions for
how Arthur received Excalibur?
4. Who was Arthurs foster father? His real
father?

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