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    Central Nervous System

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    Judith
    The document summarizes the main components and functions of the nervous system in the human body. It describes the basic unit of the nervous system as the neuron or nerve cell. It then outlines the central nervous system including the brain and spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system. For each major part, it lists their key responsibilities and roles in the body.

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    Central Nervous System

    Uploaded by

    Judith
    36 views25 pages
    The document summarizes the main components and functions of the nervous system in the human body. It describes the basic unit of the nervous system as the neuron or nerve cell. It then outlines the central nervous system including the brain and spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system. For each major part, it lists their key responsibilities and roles in the body.

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    Central Nervous System

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    The document summarizes the main components and functions of the nervous system in the human body. It describes the basic unit of the nervous system as the neuron or nerve cell. It then outlines the central nervous system including the brain and spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system. For each major part, it lists their key responsibilities and roles in the body.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    36 views25 pages

    Central Nervous System

    Uploaded by

    Judith
    The document summarizes the main components and functions of the nervous system in the human body. It describes the basic unit of the nervous system as the neuron or nerve cell. It then outlines the central nervous system including the brain and spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system. For each major part, it lists their key responsibilities and roles in the body.

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    JAMES VALLEY VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL CENTER

    Neuron: Nerve Cell


    Basicstructural unit
    nervous system
    Consists of:
    –nucleus
    –nerve fibers /dentrites
    –axon
    Nerves

    Sensory Nerves:
    –carry messages to brain
    and spinal cord from body
    Motor Nerves:
    –carry messages from brain
    and spinal cord to body
    Connecting or Mixed
    Nerves:
    –Carry both sensory and
    motor messages
    Divisions of CNS
    CNS - central nervous
    system:
    –consists of brain and spinal
    cord
    Peripheral Nervous System
    –a. any nerves outside the
    brain and spinal cord
    –b. Autonomic nervous
    system: controls involuntary
    body functions
    Central Nervous System

    1. Brain:
    –a. Mass of nerve tissue
    –b. Protected by membranes
    & the cranium or skull
    C. Cerebrum
    Largest section of the
    brain
    Responsible for:
    –reasoning, thought,
    memory, speaking,
    sensstion, sight, hearing,
    voluntary body movement
    D. Cerebellum
    Responsible for:
    –coordination of muscles,
    balance, posture, & muscle
    tone
    E. Midbrain
    Responsible for:
    –conducting impulses
    between brain parts
    –certain eye reflexes
    Pons

    Responsible for:
    –conducting messages to
    other parts of the brain
    –Reflex actions such as
    chewing, production of
    saliva
    G. Medulla Oblongata
    Lowestpart of brain stem
    Connects to the spinal
    cord
    Responsible for:
    –regulating heart beat,
    respirations, swallowing,
    coughing, b/p
    2. Spinal Cord
    Goes down back of body from
    Medulla Oblongata
    Surrounded and protected by
    vertebrae
    Responsible for reflex actions
    Carries sensory and motor
    messages
    3. Meninges

    Consists of 3 membranes
    Covers and protects the
    brain and spinal cord
    Three Membranes
    C. Dura mater
    –thick, tough outer layer
    D. Arachnoid membrane
    –middle delicate weblike layer
    E. Pia mater
    –inner most layer with blood
    vessels to nourish the nerves
    4. Ventricles
    Four hallow spaces located
    in the middle of the brain.
    Connected to each other
    Filled with fluid called
    cerebrospinal fluid
    Cerebrospinal Fluid
    Circulates continuously
    Serves as shock absorber
    to protect brain and spinal
    cord
    Carries nurients to parts of
    brain and spinal cord
    helps remove metabolic
    products & wastes
    after circulation, absorbed
    into the blood vessels of
    the dura mater.
    Peripheral Nervous System
    Made of all nerves outside
    the brain and spinal cord
    Consists of cranial and
    spinal nerves
    A. Cranial Nerves
    12 pairs & their branches
    Some responsible for special
    senses: sight, hearing, taste,
    smell
    Others receive sensations:
    touch, pressure, pain,
    temperature
    B. Spinal Nerves
    31 pairs & their branches
    carries messages to &
    from the spinal cord
    Both sensory and motor
    nerves
    31 spinal nerves:
    –8 cervical
    –12 thoracic
    –5 lumbar
    –5 sacral
    –1 coccygeal
    3. Autonomic Nervous
    System
    Helps maintain a balance in
    involuntary functions of the
    body. But allows the body to
    react in times of emergency.
    2 divisions of ANS
     Sympathetic  Parasympathetic
    nervous system –counter acts the
    –acts in sympathetic ns
    emergency after the
    emergency
     SNS  PNS
    –increase heart –decrease heart
    rate rate
    –increase resp. –decrease resp.
    rate rate
    –increase b/p –decrease b/p
    –decrease –increase
    digestive digestive
    system activity system activity

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