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    Central Nervous System

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    Khairulbariah Ahmad
    The document provides an overview of the nervous system, including its main components and functions. It discusses the basic structure of nerve cells, the central and peripheral nervous systems, and the main divisions and roles of the brain and spinal cord. It also summarizes the roles of nerves, membranes, cerebrospinal fluid, and the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system.

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    Central Nervous System

    Uploaded by

    Khairulbariah Ahmad
    39 views25 pages
    The document provides an overview of the nervous system, including its main components and functions. It discusses the basic structure of nerve cells, the central and peripheral nervous systems, and the main divisions and roles of the brain and spinal cord. It also summarizes the roles of nerves, membranes, cerebrospinal fluid, and the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system.

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    The document provides an overview of the nervous system, including its main components and functions. It discusses the basic structure of nerve cells, the central and peripheral nervous systems, and the main divisions and roles of the brain and spinal cord. It also summarizes the roles of nerves, membranes, cerebrospinal fluid, and the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    39 views25 pages

    Central Nervous System

    Uploaded by

    Khairulbariah Ahmad
    The document provides an overview of the nervous system, including its main components and functions. It discusses the basic structure of nerve cells, the central and peripheral nervous systems, and the main divisions and roles of the brain and spinal cord. It also summarizes the roles of nerves, membranes, cerebrospinal fluid, and the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system.

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    You are on page 1of 25

    JAMES VALLEY VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL CENTER

    Neuron: Nerve Cell


     Basicstructural unit
    nervous system
     Consists of:

    –nucleus
    –nerve fibers /dentrites
    –axon
    Nerves
     Sensory Nerves:
    –carry messages to brain
    and spinal cord from body
     Motor Nerves:
    –carry messages from brain
    and spinal cord to body
     Connecting or Mixed
    Nerves:
    –Carry both sensory and
    motor messages
    Divisions of CNS
     CNS - central nervous
    system:
    –consists of brain and spinal
    cord
     Peripheral Nervous System
    –a. any nerves outside the
    brain and spinal cord
    –b. Autonomic nervous
    system: controls involuntary
    body functions
    Central Nervous System

     1. Brain:
    –a. Mass of nerve tissue
    –b. Protected by membranes
    & the cranium or skull
    C. Cerebrum
     Largestsection of the brain
     Responsible for:

    –reasoning, thought,
    memory, speaking,
    sensstion, sight, hearing,
    voluntary body movement
    D. Cerebellum
     Responsible for:
    –coordination of muscles,
    balance, posture, & muscle
    tone
    E. Midbrain
     Responsible for:
    –conducting impulses
    between brain parts
    –certain eye reflexes
    Pons

     Responsible for:
    –conducting messages to
    other parts of the brain
    –Reflex actions such as
    chewing, production of saliva
    G. Medulla Oblongata
     Lowestpart of brain stem
     Connects to the spinal
    cord
     Responsible for:

    –regulating heart beat,


    respirations, swallowing,
    coughing, b/p
    2. Spinal Cord
     Goes down back of body from
    Medulla Oblongata
     Surrounded and protected by
    vertebrae
     Responsible for reflex actions
     Carries sensory and motor
    messages
    3. Meninges
     Consists of 3 membranes
     Covers and protects the
    brain and spinal cord
    Three Membranes
     C. Dura mater
    –thick, tough outer layer
     D. Arachnoid membrane
    –middle delicate weblike layer
     E. Pia mater
    –inner most layer with blood
    vessels to nourish the nerves
    4. Ventricles
     Four hallow spaces located
    in the middle of the brain.
     Connected to each other
     Filled with fluid called
    cerebrospinal fluid
    Cerebrospinal Fluid
     Circulates continuously
     Serves as shock absorber
    to protect brain and spinal
    cord
     Carries nurients to parts of
    brain and spinal cord
     helps remove metabolic
    products & wastes
     after circulation, absorbed
    into the blood vessels of
    the dura mater.
    Peripheral Nervous System
     Made of all nerves outside
    the brain and spinal cord
     Consists of cranial and
    spinal nerves
    A. Cranial Nerves
     12 pairs & their branches
     Some responsible for special
    senses: sight, hearing, taste,
    smell
     Others receive sensations:
    touch, pressure, pain,
    temperature
    B. Spinal Nerves
     31 pairs & their branches
     carries messages to &
    from the spinal cord
     Both sensory and motor
    nerves
     31 spinal nerves:
    –8 cervical
    –12 thoracic
    –5 lumbar
    –5 sacral
    –1 coccygeal
    3. Autonomic Nervous
    System
     Helpsmaintain a balance in
    involuntary functions of the
    body. But allows the body
    to react in times of
    emergency.
    2 divisions of ANS
     Sympathetic  Parasympathetic

    nervous system –counter acts the


    –acts in sympathetic ns
    emergency after the
    emergency
     SNS  PNS

    –increase heart –decrease heart


    rate rate
    –increase resp. –decrease resp.
    rate rate
    –increase b/p –decrease b/p
    –decrease –increase
    digestive system digestive system
    activity activity

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