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    Tests of Examination of Cervical

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    Ade Yahya Nasution
    This document provides guidance on performing a physical examination of the cervical spine. It outlines things to examine including bony landmarks, muscles, gait, and neurological function. Examination of the cervical spine involves inspection, palpation, and range of motion testing. Neurological examination includes assessing tone, power, reflexes, and sensation related to specific nerve roots. Special tests are also described to help identify myelopathy and radiculopathy.

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    Tests of Examination of Cervical

    Uploaded by

    Ade Yahya Nasution
    100 views10 pages
    This document provides guidance on performing a physical examination of the cervical spine. It outlines things to examine including bony landmarks, muscles, gait, and neurological function. Examination of the cervical spine involves inspection, palpation, and range of motion testing. Neurological examination includes assessing tone, power, reflexes, and sensation related to specific nerve roots. Special tests are also described to help identify myelopathy and radiculopathy.

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    Cervical

    Original Title

    Cervical Examination

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    This document provides guidance on performing a physical examination of the cervical spine. It outlines things to examine including bony landmarks, muscles, gait, and neurological function. Examination of the cervical spine involves inspection, palpation, and range of motion testing. Neurological examination includes assessing tone, power, reflexes, and sensation related to specific nerve roots. Special tests are also described to help identify myelopathy and radiculopathy.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    100 views10 pages

    Tests of Examination of Cervical

    Uploaded by

    Ade Yahya Nasution
    This document provides guidance on performing a physical examination of the cervical spine. It outlines things to examine including bony landmarks, muscles, gait, and neurological function. Examination of the cervical spine involves inspection, palpation, and range of motion testing. Neurological examination includes assessing tone, power, reflexes, and sensation related to specific nerve roots. Special tests are also described to help identify myelopathy and radiculopathy.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are how to examine the cervical spine by inspecting for asymmetries, looking at posture and alignment, feeling for deformities and tenderness, moving the spine through its range of motion, and performing a neurological examination.

    Some important things to look for during a cervical spine examination include asymmetries, fractures, scoliosis, tumors or glands in the neck, skeletal abnormalities, landmarks like the hyoid and thyroid, chest wall deformities like pectus excavatum, and muscular abnormalities like torticollis.

    Some important movements to assess during a cervical spine examination include flexion with chin to chest measurement, extension with face parallel to ceiling, lateral rotation range of 60-90 degrees normally, and lateral bending by touching the ear to the shoulder.

    Tests of Examination of

    Cervical
    Look
    Looking for Asymmetry Fracture malunion, nonunion
     Scoliosis
     Muscular – Torticollis
     Tumours, Glands
     Anterior
    • General
    • Syndromes – Marfans, Turners
    • Dysmorphic facies
    • Height
    • Marfan’s
    • skeletal dysplasia (Down’s, achondroplasia, etc.)
    • Landmarks
    • Hyoid C3, Thyroid C4/5, Cricoid C6
    • Sternum
    • Excavatum, Carinatum
    • Muscles
    • Sternocleidomastoid
    • Torticollis + facial asymmetry
    • Axilla
    • freckles
    • Lateral
    • Cervical Lordosis
    • Thoracic Kyphosis (Normal 21-33)
    • in Scheuermann’s, Ankylosing Spondylitis, Fracture
    • Gibbus
    • Posterior
    • Hair line – Klippel-Feil
    • Neck webbing
    • Shoulder height – Sprengels
    • Skin lesions
    • hairy naevus, café au lait, neurofibromas
    • Wasting
    • List
    • Gait
    • Ataxic
    • e.g. Arnold Chiari or posterior column
    • Broad based, halting
    • Spastic
    • Heel walk, toe walk
    • Heel-toe walk for myelopathy/Cb disease
    • Rhombergs - posterior column
    • -ve with eyes open, +ve with eyes shut
    • cerebellar
    • +ve with eyes open & closed
    Feel
    • Posterior
    Deformity, Muscle Spasm, Tenderness
    Spinous processes
    C2 is first palpable
    Paravertebral muscles
    Move
    Sitting on examination couch
    • Mid-range pain suggests instability of moving segment (Degeneration)
    • Flexion
    • chin to chest, measure distance off chest
    • Extension
    • face parallel to ceiling
    • 60% occurs at Occ/C1
    • Lateral Rotation
    • Normal
    • 60-90
    • 50% occurs at C1/2
    • Lateral Bending
    • touch ear to shoulder
    Neurological Examination
    • Tone, Clonus
    elbow flex/ext + pronation/supination
    clasp-knife
    • Power (Motor)
    Shoulder Abduction (C5)
    Elbow – Flexion (C6), Extension above head (C7)
    Pronation – C7/8
    Supination – C6
    Wrist – Extension (C6), Flexion (C7)
    Fingers - Extension (C7,C8), Flexion (C7,C8)
    Abduction/adduction (T1)
    • Nerve Roots
    • C5 Deltoid. Comes out between C4/5
    • C5/6 Biceps
    • C6 Wrist Extensors.Most commonly affected by disc
    • C7 Triceps
    • Wrist flexors
    • Finger extensors
    • C8 Long finger flexors. Exits between C7/T1 foramen
    • T1 Interossei i.e. finger abduction/adduction including 1st dorsal
    • Reflexes
    • Biceps – C5, C6
    • Triceps – C7
    • Brachioradialis – C5,C6
    • inverted supinator jerk
    • Sensation
    Special Tests
    • Myelopathy
    • Rapid grip/release – 20 times in 10 seconds
    • Finger escape test
    • Hoffman’s sign
    • flick terminal phalanx of IF/MF » thumb IP joint flexes
    • Do LL’s if myelopathy
    • Scapulohumeral reflex for C1-C3 compression
    • tap acromion
    • +ve if
    • arm abduction / scapular elevation
    • Jaw jerk
    • ↑ in motorneurone disease but not myelopathy
    • Radiculopathy
    • Spurling’s test
    • extension + lateral flexion to side of nerve root
    • compression & pain
    • Shoulder abduction relief test
    • decreases radicular pain
    • Klippel-Feil
    • Hands
    • polydactyly, syndactyly, thumb hypoplasia, synkinesis
    • Scoliosis
    • Hair line
    • Shoulder height
    • C-spine ROM ↓

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