Ferrers Graphs

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Ferrers Graphs

• A method of visualising partitions as a diagram made up of rows of dots stacked on top of


each other
• Each row represents one part of the partition

14 = 6 + 6 + 1 + 1 = 8 + 3 + 2 + 1 =4+3+3+3+1
• Often make seeing relationships between sets of partitions easier to see

(13)
(14|at least one part of size 1)

• This can make forming bijections more straightforward

………..
……….. (n-1)
(n|at least one part of size 1)
...
• Ferrers graphs allow us to easily see conjugate partitions by transposing

• This can be hard to see from the summation notation for partitions

6+6+1+1 = 4+2+2+2+2+2
• Sometimes transposing produces the same graph

• These are called self-conjugates

• As with conjugates, self-conjugates are not immediately obvious in the summation form

4+2+1+1
• As with other conditions, we can form bijections between sets involving conjugate and self-
conjugate partitions or find relationships between partitions that involve conjugates and
self-conjugates

• p(n) is odd iff p(n|self-conjugates) is odd

• From the Ferrers graphs we can see that all partitions that are conjugate match up to
another unique partition for n

• Only self-conjugate partitions are left unpaired

• Therefore, p(n) can be odd only if there are an odd number of self-conjugate partitions

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