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5) PSK

The document discusses phase shift keying (PSK) modulation techniques. PSK represents digital data by varying the phase of the carrier signal. Binary PSK (BPSK) uses two phases that are 180 degrees apart to represent 1 and 0. Quadrature PSK (QPSK) represents 2 bits per symbol by dividing the signal into in-phase and quadrature parts. Higher order PSK techniques such as M-PSK can transmit more bits per symbol at the cost of increased receiver complexity.

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62 views20 pages

5) PSK

The document discusses phase shift keying (PSK) modulation techniques. PSK represents digital data by varying the phase of the carrier signal. Binary PSK (BPSK) uses two phases that are 180 degrees apart to represent 1 and 0. Quadrature PSK (QPSK) represents 2 bits per symbol by dividing the signal into in-phase and quadrature parts. Higher order PSK techniques such as M-PSK can transmit more bits per symbol at the cost of increased receiver complexity.

Uploaded by

Aldwin Riveral
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Phase Shift Keying

 Varying the phase shift of the carrier


signal to represent digital data.
 The bandwidth requirement, B is:
B = (1+d)xS
 PSK is much more robust than ASK as it
is not that vulnerable to noise.

5.1
Phase Shift Keying
(PSK)
 Bit representation
 Changing Phase of carrier Signal
 One bit, One signal unit
 Ex ‘0’ -> Φ1
‘1’ -> Φ2

 Benefits
 Less effected by noise compared to ASK
 Normally used in MODEM
 Require Bandwidth less than FSK
 Disadvantage
 Difficult to detect phase shift in case of phase difference (Φ1-
Φ2) is too small
Binary Phase Shift Keying
 Use alternative sine wave phase to encode bits
 Phases are separated by 180 degrees.

 Simple to implement, inefficient use of bandwidth.

 Very robust, used extensively in satellite

communication.
s1 (t )  Ac cos( 2f c   c ) binary 1
s2 (t )  Ac cos( 2f c   c   ) binary 0
Q

0 1
State State
BPSK Example
1 1 0 1 0 1
Data

Carrier

Carrier+ 

BPSK waveform
Figure 5.9 Binary phase shift keying

5.5
Figure 5.10 Implementation of BPSK

5.6
Differential PSK or Delta PSK
(DPSK)
 Differential BPSK
 0 = same phase as last signal element

 1 = 180º shift from last signal element


Quadrature PSK

 To increase the bit rate, we can code 2 or


more bits onto one signal element.
 In QPSK two incoming bits are split up. 1 bit
is going to the carrier frequency(In-phase),
the other bit is going to the 90o Phase Shifted
carrier (Quadrature).
 The two PSKed signals are then added to
produce one of 4 signal elements. L = 4 here.

5.8
Figure 5.11 QPSK and its implementation

5.9
Constellation Diagrams

 A constellation diagram helps us to


define the amplitude and phase of a
signal when we are using two carriers,
one in quadrature of the other.
 The X-axis represents the in-phase
carrier and the Y-axis represents
quadrature carrier.

5.10
Figure 5.12 Concept of a constellation diagram

5.11
Example 5.8

Show the constellation diagrams for an ASK (OOK),


BPSK, and QPSK signals.

5.12
Figure 5.13 Three constellation diagrams

5.13
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
 Multilevel Modulation Technique: 2 bits per symbol
 More spectrally efficient, more complex receiver.
 Two times more bandwidth efficient than BPSK

Q
 
A cos 2f c t  
01 State
11 State   4
11




A cos 2f c t 
3 

s t   
01
I  4 
 3 
A cos 2f c t  

00
 4 

00 State 10 State

 
A cos 2f c t  
 10
 4

Phase of Carrier: /4, 2/4, 5/4, 7/4


Figure 5.10 The 4-PSK method
4-PSK = 2n-PSK=22-PSK

Bit rate = n x baud rate


Figure 5.13 Relationship between baud rate
and bandwidth in PSK
Example 8
Find the bandwidth for a 4-PSK signal transmitting at
2000 bps. Transmission is in half-duplex mode. Assume
d =0
Solution
For PSK the baud rate is the same as the bandwidth,
which means the baud rate is 1000 bps.

Therefore, B = 1000 Hz.


Example 9
Given a bandwidth of 5000 Hz for an 8-PSK signal,
what are the baud rate and bit rate? Assume d = 0.

Solution
For PSK the baud rate is the same as the bandwidth,
which means the baud rate is 5000 baud. But in 8-PSK
the bit rate is 3 times the baud rate, so the bit rate is
15,000 bps.
Example 5.7

The North American TDMA digital cell phone


standard transmits at 24.3kbaud using DQPSK. What
is the channel data rate?

5.19
Example 5.8

Find the bandwidth for a signal transmitting at 12


Mbps for QPSK. The value of d = 1.

5.20

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