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    The Classical Conditioning

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    Classical conditioning is a form of learning studied by Ivan Pavlov in which a neutral stimulus that does not normally produce a response comes to do so after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus that does elicit a response. Through repeated pairings, the neutral stimulus takes on the properties of the unconditioned stimulus and comes to trigger the same response. John Watson later demonstrated classical conditioning with his experiment on "Little Albert" where a white rat was paired with a loud noise, causing the child to develop a fear response to rats. Key features of classical conditioning include generalization, discrimination, extinction, and spontaneous recovery.

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    The Classical Conditioning

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    Classical conditioning is a form of learning studied by Ivan Pavlov in which a neutral stimulus that does not normally produce a response comes to do so after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus that does elicit a response. Through repeated pairings, the neutral stimulus takes on the properties of the unconditioned stimulus and comes to trigger the same response. John Watson later demonstrated classical conditioning with his experiment on "Little Albert" where a white rat was paired with a loud noise, causing the child to develop a fear response to rats. Key features of classical conditioning include generalization, discrimination, extinction, and spontaneous recovery.

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    Classical conditioning is a form of learning studied by Ivan Pavlov in which a neutral stimulus that does not normally produce a response comes to do so after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus that does elicit a response. Through repeated pairings, the neutral stimulus takes on the properties of the unconditioned stimulus and comes to trigger the same response. John Watson later demonstrated classical conditioning with his experiment on "Little Albert" where a white rat was paired with a loud noise, causing the child to develop a fear response to rats. Key features of classical conditioning include generalization, discrimination, extinction, and spontaneous recovery.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    40 views14 pages

    The Classical Conditioning

    Uploaded by

    anon_583554120
    Classical conditioning is a form of learning studied by Ivan Pavlov in which a neutral stimulus that does not normally produce a response comes to do so after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus that does elicit a response. Through repeated pairings, the neutral stimulus takes on the properties of the unconditioned stimulus and comes to trigger the same response. John Watson later demonstrated classical conditioning with his experiment on "Little Albert" where a white rat was paired with a loud noise, causing the child to develop a fear response to rats. Key features of classical conditioning include generalization, discrimination, extinction, and spontaneous recovery.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    The Classical Conditioning

    The Pillar of Behaviourism


    OBJECTIVES:

    • To identify the proponents of classical conditioning


    • To discuss the concept of classical conditioning
    • To explain the features of classical conditioning
    What is learning?

    - Any relatively permanent change in behaviour as a result


    of practice or experience.

    How do we stimulate learning?


    1. Rewards (operant conditioning)
    2. Punishments
    3. Classical conditioning
    Ivan P. Pavlov

    • Pavlovian or respondent conditioning refers to a learning procedure in


    which a biologically potent stimulus (e.g. food) is paired with a
    previously neutral stimulus (e.g. bell).
    • It also refers to the learning process that results from this pairing,
    through which the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response (e.g.
    salivation) that is usually similar to the one elicited by the potent
    stimulus.
    STIMULI
    • Something that elicits a response.

    • NEUTRAL STIMULUS:
    Initially does not elicit a response.
    • UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS (UCS):
    elicits a predictable response w/o training.
    • UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE (UCR):
    automatic or natural reaction to a stimulus w/o training
    STIMULI cont.

    • CONDITIONED STIMULUS (CS):


    elicits a response due to being paired with an US.
    • CONDITIONED RESPONSE (CR):
    the learned reaction to a CS
    Pavlov’s Experiment

    (US) Unconditioned Stimulus - food


    (UR) Unconditioned Response - saliva
    (NS) Neutral Stimulus - tuning fork
    (CS) Conditioned Stimulus - tuning fork
    (CR) Conditioned Response - saliva to tuning fork
    John B. Watson & Baby Albert

    1. Little Albert
    a. (US) - loud noise
    b. (UR) - fear, crying
    c. (NS/CS) - white rat
    d. (CR) - fear, crying
    Features of Classical Conditioning
    Generalisation
    - When a stimulus similar to the C.S. also elicits a response. E.g., if a dog is
    conditioned to salivated to the sound of a bell, it may later salivate to a similar
    sounding bell.
    Discrimination
    - The opposite of generalisation i.e. the ability of the subject to tell the
    difference between two similar stimuli.
    E.g., Eventually Pavlov’s dog learns the difference between the sound of the 2
    bells and no longer salivates at the sound of the non-food bell.
    Extinction
    - The dying out of a conditioned response by breaking the association
    between the CS and the UCS
    E.g., When the bell was repeatedly rang and no food presented Pavlov’s dog
    gradually stopped salivating at the sound of the bell.
    Spontaneous Recovery
    - The return of a conditioned response (in a weaker form) after a period of
    time following extinction.
    E.g. When Pavlov waited for a few days and then rang the bell once more the
    dog salivated again.

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