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    Lesson 7: Soils

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    Dumpi Panmei
    The document discusses the different types of soils found in India, how they are formed, and the factors that influence soil formation. Soil is formed through the weathering of parent rock materials like basalt and granite over long periods of time, influenced by climate and the addition of biotic materials, resulting in different soil types like black, red, laterite, and alluvial soils across the country. The key factors that influence soil formation are parent rock type, climate, biotic additions, and time, with different rock and climate combinations producing different colored soils in different regions.

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    Lesson 7: Soils

    Uploaded by

    Dumpi Panmei
    54 views15 pages
    The document discusses the different types of soils found in India, how they are formed, and the factors that influence soil formation. Soil is formed through the weathering of parent rock materials like basalt and granite over long periods of time, influenced by climate and the addition of biotic materials, resulting in different soil types like black, red, laterite, and alluvial soils across the country. The key factors that influence soil formation are parent rock type, climate, biotic additions, and time, with different rock and climate combinations producing different colored soils in different regions.

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    Related to soil in Maharashtra standard 7

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    Soils

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    The document discusses the different types of soils found in India, how they are formed, and the factors that influence soil formation. Soil is formed through the weathering of parent rock materials like basalt and granite over long periods of time, influenced by climate and the addition of biotic materials, resulting in different soil types like black, red, laterite, and alluvial soils across the country. The key factors that influence soil formation are parent rock type, climate, biotic additions, and time, with different rock and climate combinations producing different colored soils in different regions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    54 views15 pages

    Lesson 7: Soils

    Uploaded by

    Dumpi Panmei
    The document discusses the different types of soils found in India, how they are formed, and the factors that influence soil formation. Soil is formed through the weathering of parent rock materials like basalt and granite over long periods of time, influenced by climate and the addition of biotic materials, resulting in different soil types like black, red, laterite, and alluvial soils across the country. The key factors that influence soil formation are parent rock type, climate, biotic additions, and time, with different rock and climate combinations producing different colored soils in different regions.

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    Lesson 7

    Std VII Date: 9/7/19

    SOILS
    Soil
    Soil is the substance on the surface
    of the earth in which plants grow.
    Factors necessary for soil formation:
    Parent rock
    Depending on the hardness
    of the rock and the climate of the
    region, the rock gets weathered.
    The rock turns into earthly
    material.
    Eg, the basalt rock of the
    Deccan Plateau in Maharashtra
    turns into black soil after
    weathering. This soil is also
    referred to as ‘regur’ soil. Rocks
    like granite or gneiss in South India
    give rise to red soil.
    Eg, Basalt rock

    The Basalt rock


    of the Deccan Plateau in
    Maharashtra turns into
    black soil after
    weathering.
    Eg, Granite/Gneiss

    Rocks like granite or


    gneiss in South India
    give rise to red soil.
    Regional climate
    • The process of weathering depends on the
    climate of the region. The climate decides the
    intensity of weathering.
    • In the dry climate of Deccan Plateau,
    weathering of basalt leads to the formation of
    black soil whereas in the humid climate of the
    Western Sahyadris the leaching of the same
    basalt rock leads to the formation of lateritic
    soil.
    Biotic material
    The biotic material
    comes from the decomposition
    of the remains of the plants and
    animals in that region.
    Microorganisms, and
    certain other organisms help
    decompose the dead remains of
    organic materials.
    The biotic material thus
    produced gets mixed into the
    soils and is called ‘humus’.
    Time
    • Soil formation is a natural and slow process. It
    needs a very long period of time.
    • To form a 2.5cm thick layer of top soil, it takes
    thousands of years.
    • Different types of chemical fertilizer,
    insecticides are used profusely. However this
    leads to the degradation of soils.
    Types of soil
    Coarse soil
    • This soil type is a result
    of weathering and low
    rainfall, found in the
    hilltops of the western
    part of the plateau.
    • e.g., Ajanta, Balaghat
    and Mahadeo.
    Regur or Black soil
    Two types of this
    soil are found
    1. Dark black soil is found in
    the western part of
    Deccan Plateau
    2. Medium black soil is
    found in the eastern part
    (Vidarbha).
    Laterite soil
    This type of soil is found in
    the coastal belt of Konkan
    to the west of the Sahyadris
    and in the east of Vidarbha.
    The iron in the rock
    reacts with the oxygen in
    the air and causes chemical
    reactions. This gives the
    reddish-orange colour to
    the soil which is thus
    formed.
    Alluvial soil of the coastal strip
    Alluvial brought by
    the speedy rivers gets
    deposited at the mouths of
    the river.
    This soil is found at
    the mouth of the rivers in
    the western coastal strip.
    e.g., the areas around
    Panvel- Uran coast,
    Dharamtar creek, etc.
    Yellow brown soil

    It is found in areas of
    extreme rainfall. They are not
    very fertile.
    They are mainly found
    in Chandrapur, eastern part
    of Bhandara and parts of
    Sahyadri mountains.
    Questions
    • 1. Where do we grow plants?
    • 2. What factors are necessary for soil formation?
    • 3. Name the different types of soil.
    • 4. How long does it take to form a 2.5 cm thick
    layer of top soil?
    • 5. Why is the soil in Maharashtra black where as
    in south India it is red.
    • 6. What are the factors that effect soil formation?

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