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    Logical Connector

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    Ariel Roña Rogon
    The document discusses logical operators and their use in mathematics. It defines common logical operators like negation, conjunction, disjunction, conditional, and bi-conditional. Examples of truth tables are provided for each operator. The document also provides examples of translating statements into logical expressions using the defined operators and variables.

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    Logical Connector

    Uploaded by

    Ariel Roña Rogon
    1K views17 pages
    The document discusses logical operators and their use in mathematics. It defines common logical operators like negation, conjunction, disjunction, conditional, and bi-conditional. Examples of truth tables are provided for each operator. The document also provides examples of translating statements into logical expressions using the defined operators and variables.

    Original Description:

    MATHEMATICS AS A LANGUAGE AND SYMBOL

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document discusses logical operators and their use in mathematics. It defines common logical operators like negation, conjunction, disjunction, conditional, and bi-conditional. Examples of truth tables are provided for each operator. The document also provides examples of translating statements into logical expressions using the defined operators and variables.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    1K views17 pages

    Logical Connector

    Uploaded by

    Ariel Roña Rogon
    The document discusses logical operators and their use in mathematics. It defines common logical operators like negation, conjunction, disjunction, conditional, and bi-conditional. Examples of truth tables are provided for each operator. The document also provides examples of translating statements into logical expressions using the defined operators and variables.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 17

    MATHEMATICS AS A LANGUAGE

    ( LOGICAL OPERATORS)

    PREPARED BY:
    ARIEL R. ROGON
    OBJECTIVE:
    •At the end of the period, students
    are expected to perform different
    types of operations on propositions.
    STATEMENTS OR PROPOSITION

    Determine which of the following statements are propositions and which are not:
    1) Manila is the capital of Philippines.
    2) Maria is beautiful and sexy
    3) Where are you going?
    4) Please give me some water.
    5) 1 + 1 = 2
    6) x > 5 if x = 3
    DEFINITION: GIVEN A PROPOSITION, ITS TRUTH
    TABLE SHOW ALL ITS POSSIBLE TRUTH VALUES.
    Since a proposition has two possible truth values, a proposition p would have p
    the following truth table. T
    F

    Truth tables can also be used to display various combinations of the truth values
    of two propositions p and q. The rows of the table will correspond to the p q
    T T
    each truth value combination of p and q, so there will be 22 = 4 rows.
    T F
    The truth table for propositions p and q are as follows. F T
    F F
    A truth table involving n propositions has 2n rows.
    Definition. The negation of a proposition p is
    denoted by ~ "𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑝" and is defined through its
    truth table. The truth value of the negation is
    always the reverse the truth value of the original
    statement.

    p ~𝒑
    T F
    F T
    Definition. The conjunction of a proposition p and
    q is the compound statement “p and q”
    denoted as p ^ q which is true only when both p
    and q are true, otherwise, it is false.

    𝑝 𝑞 𝑝^𝑞
    T T T
    T F F
    F T F
    F F F
    Definition. The disjunction of a proposition p and
    q is the compound statement “p and q”
    denoted as p v q which is false only when both p
    and q are false, otherwise, it is true.

    P q pvq

    T T T
    T F T
    F T T
    F F F
    Definition. The conditional of a propositions
    p and q is the compound statement “if p
    then q” denoted as p → q which is false
    only when both p is true and q is false.

    𝑝 𝑞 𝑝→𝑞

    T T T
    T F F
    F T T
    F F T
    Definition. The bi-conditional of a propositions p
    and q is the compound statement “p if and only
    if q” denoted as p ↔ q which is true only when
    both p and q have the same truth values.

    𝑝 𝑞 𝑝→𝑞

    T T T
    T F F
    F T T
    F F T
    EXAMPLES:

    Construct the truth table for each of the following statements.


    1. ~𝑝 v ~𝑞

    p q ~𝒑 ~𝒒 ~𝑝 v ~𝑞
    T T F F F
    T F F T T
    F T T F T
    F F T T T
    EXAMPLES:

    Construct the truth table for each of the following statements.


    2. (~𝑝 ^q)v(p^ ~𝑞)

    p q ~𝒑 ~𝒒 ~𝑝 ^q p ^ ~q (~𝑝 ^q)v(p^ ~𝑞)

    T T F F F F F
    T F F T F T T
    F T T F T F T
    F F T T F F F
    EXAMPLES:

    Translate the given statement into logical expressions.


    You can access the Internet from campus only if you are an Info Tech student or
    you are not a freshman.
    Solution:
    Let p the proposition “you can access the internet from campus”
    q be the proposition “you are an Info Tech student”
    r be the proposition “you are a freshman”
    Answer: p → (𝑞 v 𝑟)
    CLASS ACTIVITY

    1. State the negation of “Mary received a text message from her friend”.
    2. Let p, q, and r be the propositions
    p: “Annie has a stomach ache”
    q: “Annie misses the exam.”
    r: “Annie receives a passing grade for the subject”.
    Express the following in English sentences or in symbols, as the case may be.
    A. “Annie does not have a stomach ache, yet she misses the exam”
    B. “ If Annie has stomach ache, then she misses the exam and does not receive a passing grade for the
    subject.”
    Enumerate the logical operators
    and their truth tables.
    QUIZ

    Construct a truth table for each of these compound statements.


    1. (p → q)^ (q → 𝑝)
    2. [(p → 𝑟)^(𝑞 → 𝑟)] → [(𝑝 𝑣 𝑞) → 𝑟]
    ASSIGNMENT

    Read and Study about Problem Solving and


    Reasoning.
    THANK YOU!!!

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