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    Anatomi Fisiologi Hidung Baru BGT

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    Dzulfiqar
    1. The nasal cavity has bony and cartilaginous walls that form its internal framework. It is divided by the nasal septum into left and right nasal cavities. 2. The nasal cavity has various functions including respiration, olfaction, phonation, and protection of the brain. During respiration, air enters the nasal cavity and is warmed, moistened and filtered before reaching the lungs. 3. The paranasal sinuses are air cavities within the bones of the skull that drain into the nasal cavity through openings called ostia. The major paranasal sinuses are the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses.

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    Anatomi Fisiologi Hidung Baru BGT

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    Dzulfiqar
    17 views48 pages
    1. The nasal cavity has bony and cartilaginous walls that form its internal framework. It is divided by the nasal septum into left and right nasal cavities. 2. The nasal cavity has various functions including respiration, olfaction, phonation, and protection of the brain. During respiration, air enters the nasal cavity and is warmed, moistened and filtered before reaching the lungs. 3. The paranasal sinuses are air cavities within the bones of the skull that drain into the nasal cavity through openings called ostia. The major paranasal sinuses are the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses.

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    1. The nasal cavity has bony and cartilaginous walls that form its internal framework. It is divided by the nasal septum into left and right nasal cavities. 2. The nasal cavity has various functions including respiration, olfaction, phonation, and protection of the brain. During respiration, air enters the nasal cavity and is warmed, moistened and filtered before reaching the lungs. 3. The paranasal sinuses are air cavities within the bones of the skull that drain into the nasal cavity through openings called ostia. The major paranasal sinuses are the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses.

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    17 views48 pages

    Anatomi Fisiologi Hidung Baru BGT

    Uploaded by

    Dzulfiqar
    1. The nasal cavity has bony and cartilaginous walls that form its internal framework. It is divided by the nasal septum into left and right nasal cavities. 2. The nasal cavity has various functions including respiration, olfaction, phonation, and protection of the brain. During respiration, air enters the nasal cavity and is warmed, moistened and filtered before reaching the lungs. 3. The paranasal sinuses are air cavities within the bones of the skull that drain into the nasal cavity through openings called ostia. The major paranasal sinuses are the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses.

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    Anatomi dan Fisiologi

    Hidung
    Presentan : Dzulfiqar
    Kepaniteraan Klinik Ilmu Kesehatan Telinga Hidung Tenggorokan
    Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Lampung
    Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Abdul Moeloek
    2019
    External Internal
    Nasal bones
    Upper
    Nasal processes of frontal
    1/3: bone
    bony
    Frontal processes of maxilla
    Osteocartilagenous
    framework Upper lateral cartilages

    Lower Lower lateral cartilagers


    2/3: (alar)
    cartilag Lesser cartilages (sesamoid
    enous cartilages)
    Septal cartilages
    Nasal Cavity
    • The nasal cavity has
    • Inferior wall
    • Superior wall
    • Lateral wall,
    • Medial or septal wall.
    • Bony
    • Cartilagenous

    The Medial
    Wall of Nasal
    Cavity
    The Nasal Septum
    The Lateral Walls of Nasal Cavity
    Marked by 3 projections:
    • Superior concha
    • Middle concha
    • Inferior concha (biggest)
    • Suprema concha
    (rudimenter)
    The Floor of Nasal Cavity
    • Palatine process maxilla

    • Horizontal plate palatine


    bone
    The Roof of Nasal Cavity
    • anteriorly beneath the bridge of the
    nose by the nasal and frontal bones,
    • in the middle by the cribriform plate
    of the ethmoid,
    • posteriorly by the downward sloping
    body of the sphenoid
    Osteomeatal Complex
    Drainage and Ventilation for
    the anterior sinuses
    (maxillaris, anterior ethmoid,
    and frontalis).
    Blood Supply to the Nasal Cavity
    • From branches of the maxillary artery, one of the
    terminal branches of the external carotid artery.
    • The most important branch is the sphenopalatine
    artery that anastomoses with the septal branch of
    the superior labial branch of the facial artery in the
    region of the vestibule.
    • The submucous venous plexus is drained by veins
    that accompany the arteries.
    • Nasal venous do not have any valve so that it becomes
    the predisposition factor to ease infection spreading to
    intracranial
    Blood Supply of the External Nose
    • The skin of the external nose is supplied by branches of
    the ophthalmic and the maxillary arteries.
    • The skin of the ala and the lower part of the septum are
    supplied by branches from the facial artery.
    Nerve Supply of the External Nose
    • The infratrochlear and external nasal
    branches of the ophthalmic nerve (CN V)
    and the infraorbital branch of the maxillary
    nerve (CN V).
    Nerve Supply of the Nasal Cavity
    • Olfactory funcion: n olfactorius
    • Sensoric: N. Ethmoidalis anterior branched
    from n. nasosiliaris which also comes from n.
    oftalmikus (V1)
    • Sensoric: maxillary division (V2) of the
    trigeminal nerve.
    CN I – Olfactory Nerves (SVA)
    Anterior ethmoidal
    branch of V1

    Posterior nasal
    Cut nasopalatine branches of V2
    branch of V2 to
    septum
    Lymph Drainage of the Nasal Cavity

    • The lymph vessels draining the vestibule


    end in the submandibular nodes.
    • The remainder of the nasal cavity is drained
    by vessels that pass to the upper deep
    cervical nodes.
    Fisiologi Hidung
    • Respirasi: pengatur udara, penyaring udara,
    humidifikasi, penyeimbang tekanan, mekanisme
    imunologik lokal
    • Penghidu: adanya mukosa olfaktorius dan reservoir
    udara untuk menampung stimulus penghidu
    • Fonetik: resonansi suara melalui konduksi tulang
    • Statik dan mekanik: meringankan beban kepala,
    proteksi terhadap trauma dan panas
    • Refleks nasal
    Fungsi Respirasi
    Udara inspirasi
    Naik setinggi
    ke nares
    konka media
    anterior

    Turun ke bawah
    menuju
    nasofaring
    Fungsi Penghidu
    • Partikel bau menuju mukosa olfaktorius,
    konka superior, dan 1/3 atas septum
    dengan cara difusi dengan palut lendir
    atau jika menarik nafas dengan kuat
    ANATOMI SINUS PARANASAL
    Sinus Paranasal
    • Terdiri dari 4 pasang:
    1.Sinus Maksila
    2.Sinus Frontal
    3.Sinus Etmoid
    4.Sinus Sfenoid
    Sinus paranasal merupakan hasil pneumatisasi
    tulang-tulang kepala, sehingga terbentuk rongga
    dalam tulang. Semua sinus mempunyai ostium ke
    dalam rongga hidung.
    secara embriologi, sinus paranasal berasal dari
    invaginasi mukosa rongga hidung.
    perkembangannya: fetus usia 3-4 bulan (maksila dan
    etmoid)
    sinus frontal berkembang dari sinus etmoid anterior
    (8 tahun)
    sinus sfenoid mulai dari usia 8-10 tahun berasal dari
    bagian postero-superior ronnga hidung.
    Sinus Maksila

    • Sinus maksila merupkan sinus paranasal yang sangat


    besar yang berbentuk piramid.
    • saat lahir: volume 6-8 ml
    • ukuran maksimal saat dewasa: 15 ml
    Batas-batas:
    • dinding anterior : permukaan fasial os maksila (fosa
    kanina).
    • dinding posterior : permukaan intra-temporal
    maksila.
    • dinding medial : dinding lateral rongga hidung.
    • superior : Dasar orbita
    • inferior :Prosesus alveolaris dan palatum
    • ostium sinus maksila
    berada di sebelah
    superior dinding
    medial sinus dan
    bermuara ke hiatus
    semilunaris melalui
    infundibulum etmoid
    • ostium di meatus
    nasi medius
    • dari segi klinik:
    1.dasar sinus: berdekatan
    dengan akar gigi rahang atas
    (P1,P3,M1,M2,M3)
    2. Sinusitis maksila
    menumbulkan komplikasi
    orbita
    3.ostium lebih tinggi dari
    dasar sinus (jika meradang,
    menghalangi drainase sinus
    maksila)
    Sinus Frontal
    • sinus frontal terletak di os frontal.
    • sepasang, kanan dan kiri, tidak sama besar, kadang-kadang
    hanya tumbh sebelah
    • berasal dari sel-sel resesus frontal.
    • ukuran sinus frotal: t:2,8cm l:2,4cm, dalamnya 2cm.
    • Dipisahkan oleh tulang relatif tipis dari orbita dan fossa
    serebri anterior
    • sinus frontal berdrainase melalui
    ostium yang teretak di resesus
    frontal yang berhubungan dengan
    infundibulum etmoid.
    • ostium di meatus nasi medius
    sinus etmoid
    Berdasarkan letaknya:
    • 1. sinus etmoid anterior(bermuara di meatus medius)
    • 2. sinus etmoid posterior(bermuara di ematus
    superior).
    sel-sel sinus etmoid anterior (kecil dan banyak)
    sel-sel sinus etmoid posterior (besar dan sedikit)
    sel etmoid terbesar disebut bulla etmoid
    • grup etmoid anterior drainase ke meatus nasi medius
    di KOM. grup etmoid poterior berdrainase ke meatus
    nasi superior.
    • batas:
    • atap sinus: disebut fovea etmoid berbatasan dengan
    lamina kribrosa
    • dinding lateral: lammina papirasea
    • dibelakang senus etmoid posterior berbatasan
    dengan sinus sfenoid.
    sinus sfenoid
    • terletak dalam os sfenoid dibelakang sinus etmoidalis posterior.
    • dibagi dua oleh sekat yang disebut septum intersfenoid.
    • batas:
    • superior : fosa serebri media dan kelenjar hipofisa
    • inferior: atap nasofaring
    • latera: berbatasan dengan sinus kavernosus dan a. carotis interna
    • posterior: berbatasan dengan fossa serebri posterior
    kompleks ostio-metal
    • pada sepertiga tengah dinding lateral hidung yaitu meatus medius,
    ada muara saluran dari sinus maksila, sinus frontal, sinus etmoid
    anterior. Daerah ini rumit dan sempit, dinamakan kompleks
    ostiometal, terdiri dari: infndibulum etmoid yang terdapat dibelakang
    prosesus unsinatus, resesus frontalis, bulla etmoid dan sel-sel etmoid
    anterior dengan ostiumnya, dan ostium sinus maksila.
    sistem mukosiliar

    • di dalam sinus terdapat mukoosa bersilia dan palut lendir diatasnya. Silia
    menalirkan lendir menuju ostium alamiah mengikuti jalur-jalur yang sudah
    terbentuk polanya
    • dinding lateral hidungterdapat 2 aliran transport mukosiliar dari sinus. Lendir
    yang berasal dari kelompok sinus anterior yang bergabung di infundibulum
    etmoid dilairkan ke nasofaringdi depan muara tuba eustachius.
    • lendir yang berasal dari kelompok sinus posterior bergabung di resesus
    sfenoetmoidalis, dialirkan ke postero-superior muara tuba.
    PEMERIKSAAN SINUS PARANASAL
    INSPEKSI:
    pembengkakan pada muka, pipi, sampa kelopak matabawah yang
    bewarna kemerah-merahan, pembengkakkan di kelopak mata atas.
    PALPASI:
    nyeri tekan pada pipi, nyeri ketuk di gigi
    TRANSLUMINASI
    RADIOLOGI
    SINOSKOPI
    Terima Kasih

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