Bamboo

BAMBOO
GAURAN KOLHE
INTRODUCTION…
ø Bamboo has been in wide usage since ancient times as a low-cost material
for houses, bridges etc.
ø Recently started appearing in designer homes as flooring, walling and
paneling material
ø Is viewed as a material preferred only by the poor or for temporary
constructions
ø Unpopular in conventional construction due to low durability.
Facts about bamboo
ø Bamboo is a perennial grass and
not a tree as is commonly
perceived.
ø 1450 species are found in diverse
climates across the world,
however, not all of these are
suitable for construction.
ø One of the fastest growing plants
on Earth. Its growth rate ranges
from 30cm to 1 m in 24 hours.
ø The strongest part of a bamboo
stalk is its node, where branching
occurs.
ø Bamboo has also long been used
in scaffolding
advantages
ø Strength - Bamboo is an
extremely strong natural fibre, at
par with standard hardwoods, when
cultivated, harvested, prepared and
stored properly.
ø Flexibility - Bamboo is highly
flexible. During its growth, it may
be trained to grow in
unconventional shapes. After
harvest, it may be bent and utilized
in archways and other curved areas.
ø Earthquake-resistance - It has a
great capacity for shock absorption,
which makes it particularly useful
in earthquake-prone areas.
advantages
ø Lightweight - Bamboo is extremely lightweight. Consequently, building
with bamboo can be accomplished faster with simple tools than building
with other materials. Cranes and other heavy machinery are rarely
required.
ø Cost-effective – Economical, especially in areas where it is cultivated and
is readily available. Transporting cost is also much lesser.
ø Durability - As long-lasting as its wooden correlates, when properly
harvested and maintained.
HOw TO pROTeCT bambOO…
UNTREATED BAMBOO
ø Untreated bamboo has the following life
spans in different conditions
> Exposure to soil and atmosphere = 1-3 years
> Under cover = 4-7 years
> Very favourable conditions = 10-15 years
ø Natural durability also depends on the
species of the bamboo
PRE-HARVEST AND POST HARVEST
PRECAUTIONS
ø Felling during low sugar content season i.e.
dry season
ø Felling of mature bamboo
ø Post harvesting transpiration
ø Water soaking
BORAX – BORIC ACID PRESERVATION TREATMENT
Depending on the At the preservation

diameter of the bamboo, treatment pool, bamboo
different sized drill bits, soaks in borax-boric acid
attached to a long steel solution (1:1.4) for 2 days
rod, are used to drill into to allow the mineral to Bamboo is removed
the centre of the bamboo penetrate all the nodes and stacked
culms throughout their and diaphragms. vertically so the
whole length. solution can drain
and be reused.
BORAX – BORIC ACID PRESERVATION TREATMENT
Preservative solution is
Next, the bamboo The bamboo poles recharged after four cycles by
poles are left to are left to dry adding water and the chemicals.
bask in the sun slowly in a cool, Preservation treatment costs a
depending on the dry place until minimum charge of INR 4.50
amount of sunlight they are used for per pole.
construction.
ø During the casting and curing of
concrete, reinforcing bamboo absorbs
water and expands
ø The swelling of bamboo pushes the

concrete away
ø Then at the end of the curing

period, the bamboo loses the
moisture and shrinks back almost to
its original dimensions leaving voids
around itself
ø The swelling and shrinkage of bamboo in concrete create a serious
limitation in the use of bamboo as a substitute for steel in concrete.
ø One effective treatment is the application of a thin layer of epoxy to the

bamboo surface followed by a coating of fine sand.
NEEM SEED OIL
90
TREATMENT
80
70
ø Oil obtained from neem seeds 60
can be used to improve water 50
resistance and dimensional 40
stability of bamboo culms 30
particularly at high oil- 20
treatment temperature. 10
0
ø Bamboo samples soaked in hot
neem seed oil at 60°C for 4
hours had better water
resistance and dimensional
Soaked bamboo samples at room
stability than samples soaked in temperature for 24 hours
oil at room temperature for 24 Soaked bamboo samples at 60°C for 4 hours
hours. SHRINKAGE REDUCTION
Bamboo foundations
COMPOSITE BAMBOO-CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS
Single Post Footing Strip Footing

Bamboo foundations
BAMBOO PILES
ø Bamboo compacts soft soil,
thus increasing the bearing
capacity of soil.
ø The friction provided by the

construction-grade bamboo
increases its load-bearing
capacity.
ø Treated split bamboo piles 8m

long and 80 to 90mm in
diameter were filled with A sustainable house in Thiruvananthapuram,
coconut coir strands wrapped Kerala where bamboo piles have been used as
with jute. foundation . The foundation is further
strengthened by bamboo reinforced
concrete.
Bamboo foundations
BAMBOO PILES
ø The sections
were then tied
with galvanised
iron wire. After
installation of the
piles @2m c/c by
drop hammer, the
area is covered
with a 2.5m
surcharge of sandy
material.
Bamboo WALLS
WOVEN VERTICAL
BAJAREQUE
BAMBOO WALL HALVED CULMS
WHOLE BAMBOO
CULMS WATTLE AND DAUB
RESISTANCE TO EARTHQUAKES
ø High residual strength to absorb
shocks and impacts.
ø Flexure coupled with its very low
mass.
ø A bamboo house in Bhutan that

withstood an earthquake that
occurred at Sikkim (epicenter)
measuring 6.9 in September 2011
ø Prototype house built with bamboo
sheet roofing and bamboo-reinforced ø 30 houses at the epicenter of a
concrete walls withstood a simulated 7.6 magnitude earthquake
earthquake measuring 7.8 on the survived without any damage in
Richter scale Costa Rica in 1991
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Property Value
Density 0.5 – 0.9 gm/cc
Compressive Strength 53 – 100 MPa
Tensile Strength 111 – 219 MPa
Bending Strength 86 – 229 MPa
Bending Elasticity 6882 – 20890 MPa

bamboo column AND BEAM
Bamboo Reinforced Column Bamboo Beams

Limitations and drawbacks
Few considerations currently limit the use of bamboo as a universally
applicable construction material
ø Jointing techniques - Although many traditional joint types exist, their
structural efficiency is low. Considerable research has been directed at
the development of more effective methods.
ø Flammability - Bamboo structures are not fire-resistant, and the cost of
treatment, where available, is relatively high.
ø Lack of design guidance and codification - The engineering design of
bamboo structures has not yet been fully addressed. There is little or no
data containing specifications of bamboo.

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BAMBOO

Depending on the At the preservation

ø The swelling of bamboo pushes the

ø Then at the end of the curing

ø One effective treatment is the application of a thin layer of epoxy to the

Single Post Footing Strip Footing

ø The friction provided by the

ø Treated split bamboo piles 8m

ø A bamboo house in Bhutan that

Compressive Strength 53 – 100 MPa

Tensile Strength 111 – 219 MPa

Bending Strength 86 – 229 MPa

Bending Elasticity 6882 – 20890 MPa

Bamboo Reinforced Column Bamboo Beams

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