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    Plant Structure Adaptations and Responses

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    Pheby Alfimay Natysya Putri
    Ripe fruit produce ethylene, a plant hormone, which causes them and nearby fruit to ripen. Ethylene triggers biochemical changes in the fruit that sweeten it and change its color. Producing ethylene allows fruit to signal nearby fruit to also ripen, promoting seed dispersal.

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    Plant Structure Adaptations and Responses

    Uploaded by

    Pheby Alfimay Natysya Putri
    156 views21 pages
    Ripe fruit produce ethylene, a plant hormone, which causes them and nearby fruit to ripen. Ethylene triggers biochemical changes in the fruit that sweeten it and change its color. Producing ethylene allows fruit to signal nearby fruit to also ripen, promoting seed dispersal.

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    Ripe fruit produce ethylene, a plant hormone, which causes them and nearby fruit to ripen. Ethylene triggers biochemical changes in the fruit that sweeten it and change its color. Producing ethylene allows fruit to signal nearby fruit to also ripen, promoting seed dispersal.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    156 views21 pages

    Plant Structure Adaptations and Responses

    Uploaded by

    Pheby Alfimay Natysya Putri
    Ripe fruit produce ethylene, a plant hormone, which causes them and nearby fruit to ripen. Ethylene triggers biochemical changes in the fruit that sweeten it and change its color. Producing ethylene allows fruit to signal nearby fruit to also ripen, promoting seed dispersal.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Slide 1

    Structure
    of
    Plants

    This Powerpoint is hosted on www.worldofteaching.com


    Please visit for 1000+ free powerpoints
    Slide 2
    A. Functions of Roots
    1. Anchor & support
    plant in the ground
    2. Absorb water &
    minerals
    3. Hold soil in place

    Root Hairs Fibrous Roots


    Slide 3 B. Root Types
    Tap Root

    1. Fibrous Roots: 2. Tap Roots –larger central


    branching roots hold soil in root reaches deep water sources
    place to prevent soil erosion underground
    Ex. Grasses Ex. Trees, Carrots, & Dandelions
    Slide 4 C. The Structure of a Root
    Root 1. Root Hairs:
    Hairs
    increase surface
    Phloem
    area for water &
    mineral
    Xylem
    absorption

    2. Meristem:
    Meristem
    region where
    Root new cells are
    Cap produced
    3. Root Cap:
    protects tip of
    growing root
    Slide 5 A. Functions of Stems
    1.Support system for plant body
    2.Transport system carries
    water & nutrients
    3.Holds leaves & branches
    upright
    Looking at the
    Each light and dark
    picture
    tree ringtoequals
    the left:
    one
    year of annual growth.
    What years had
    Light rings for fast
    the most
    spring rain?
    growth, dark for
    slow summer growth.
    What
    Smalleryears
    rings tell of
    experienced the
    past droughts that
    have occurred.
    worst drought?
    Slide # 6 A. Functions of Leaves
    1. Main photosynthetic organ
    2. Broad, flat surface increases
    surface area for light
    absorption
    3. Have systems to prevent
    water loss
    • Stomata open in day but
    close at night or when hot
    to conserve water
    • waxy cuticle on surface
    4. System of gas exchange
    • Allow CO2 in and O2 out of
    leaf Elephant Ear Plant
    Slide # 7 B. Leaf Structures
    1.Cuticle: waxy layer; Leaf Cross-Section
    covers upper surface Cuticle
    • Protects leaf against
    water loss

    Mesophyll
    2.Veins: transports water, Veins
    nutrients and food
    • Made of xylem and
    phloem
    3.Mesophyll: contains Stoma
    cells that perform (Opening)
    photosynthesis 2 Guard
    b/c they contain Cells Stoma- singular
    Chloroplasts. Surround
    each Stomata-plural
    Stoma
    Slide # 8

    More Plant Parts…


    4. Guard cells:
    • cells that open
    and close the
    stoma
    5. Stomata: openings
    in leaf’s surface;
    when open:
    • GAS EXCHANGE:
    Allows CO2 in & O2
    out of leaf Guard Cells Stoma
    • TRANSPIRATION:
    Allows excess H2O
    out of leaf
    Slide # 9 Function of Stomata
    •What process involves
    Guard Cells Guard Cells
    using CO2 and H2O
    What
    goes O2 H2O releasing O2 as a waste
    out? product?

    What •Photosynthesis
    goes CO2
    in?
    •What is the plant using this
    Stoma Open
    processStoma
    to make?
    Closed
    Stoma
    •Carbohydrates-glucose
    •If the plant needs water for
    photosynthesis, why is water
    coming out of the stoma?
    Slide # 10 Function of Guard Cells
    •These stomata (leaf
    Guard Cells Guard Cells
    openings) naturally allow
    water to evaporate out.
    •Why would the plant close
    stomata with guard cells?
    •Prevent excess water loss
    through transpiration.
    (conserveStoma
    water)Open Stoma Closed

    •So what is the point of


    having stomata?
    •Allow gas exchange for
    photosynthesis
    Slide # 11
    C. Plants find a use for Transpiration
    1. Transpiration: loss
    of excess water from
    plant leaves
    2. Significance:
    a. Transpiration causes enough
    pressure to help pull water
    (& required nutrients) up A B
    stem from roots.
    A average size maple tree can
    b. As part of the water cycle, transpire 200 liters of water
    trees transpire water back into per hour during the summer.
    the atmosphere.
    c. Transpiration provides much Transpiration is the #1 driving
    force for pulling water up
    of the daily rain in rainforest. stems from roots.
    Slide # 12 Structure of a Flower
    Stamen Pistil
    1.Pistil:female reproductive Stigma
    structure Anther
    Style
    Filament
    Ovary
    a.Stigma: sticky tip; traps
    pollen
    b.Style: slender tube;
    transports pollen from
    stigma to ovary
    c.Ovary: contains ovules;
    ovary develops into fruit
    d.Ovule: contains egg
    cell which develops into
    Petal
    a seed when fertilized Ovule Sepal
    Slide # 13 Structure of a Flower
    Stamen Pistil
    2.Stamen: male Stigma
    Anther
    reproductive structure Filament
    Style
    Ovary
    a.Filament: thin stalk;
    supports anther
    b.Anther: knob-like
    structure; produces
    pollen
    c.Pollen: contains
    microscopic cells that
    become sperm cells
    Petal
    Ovule Sepal
    Slide # 14 Structure of a Flower
    Stamen Pistil
    3.Sepals: encloses & Stigma
    Anther
    protects flower before it Filament
    Style
    blooms Ovary

    4.Petals: usually colorful


    & scented; attracts
    pollinators

    Petal
    Ovule Sepal
    Slide # 15
    Cross Pollination
    • How does pollination
    happen?
    • Pollen from an anther
    is caught by the
    stigma, travels
    through style to the
    ovules in the ovary.
    • What is the result of
    pollination?
    • A Fruit: An ovary
    containing seeds.
    Slide # 16

    Chapter 25

    Plant
    Responses
    and
    Adaptations
    Hormone-
    Slide #17
    Hormone Action on Plants producing
    cells
    A. Plant cells can produce
    hormones: which are
    chemical messengers that
    travel throughout the plant
    causing other cells called
    target cells to respond.
    Movement
    B. In plants, hormones of hormone Target
    control: cells

    1. Plant growth &


    development
    Cells in one blooming
    2. Plant responses to flower signals other blooms
    environment using hormones to open.
    Slide # 18 C. Plant cells will send signals
    to one another to tell them:
    1. When trees to drop their leaves.
    2. When to start new growth.
    3. When to cause fruit to ripen.
    4. When to cause flowers to bloom.
    5. When to cause seeds to sprout.
    Leaf Drop

    Tree Fruit Cactus Sprouting


    Budding Ripening Blooming Corn Seeds
    Slide # 19
    D. Ethylene causes
    Fruit to Ripen
    1.Fruit tissues release a
    small amount of ethlyene
    2.Causes fruits to ripen.
    3.As fruit become ripe, they
    produce more and more
    ethlyene, accelerating
    the ripening process.

    Ethylene released
    by apples and
    tomatoes causes
    fruit to age quickly.
    Slide # 20
    Plant Tropisms
    1. Tropism: the way a plant grows in response to
    stimuli in the environment.
    a.Phototropism: growth response to light
    -Plants bend towards light

    a.Geotrophism: growth response to gravity


    -plant roots grow down with gravity, shoots (stems) grow
    up against gravity and out of the soil.

    a.Thigmotropism: growth response to touch


    -vines grow up around trees, venus flytrap closes when
    leaves are touched
    Slide # 21

    What type of tropism is shown in these pictures?

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