E-Business

Mobile Commerce and Ubiquitous

Computing
Engr. Prof. Dr. Kamran Raza

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Objectives
1. Discuss the value-added attributes, benefits, and fundamental drivers of m-
commerce.
2. Describe the mobile computing infrastructure that supports m-commerce
(devices, software, and services).
3. Describe the four major types of wireless telecommunications and networks.
4. Discuss m-commerce applications in banking and financial services.
5. Describe enterprise mobility applications.
6. Describe consumer and personal applications of m-commerce, including
entertainment.
7. Understand the technologies and potential applications of location-based m-
commerce.
8. Define and describe ubiquitous computing and sensory networks.
9. Describe wearable Google Glass, driverless cars, and mobile apps.
10. Describe the major implementation issues from security and privacy to
barriers of m-commerce.

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MOBILE COMMERCE: CONCEPTS, LANDSCAPE,
ATTRIBUTES, DRIVERS, APPLICATIONS, AND
BENEFITS
Mobile commerce (M-commerce; M-business)
Any business activity conducted over a wireless telecommunications network
or from mobile devices
• THE ATTRIBUTES OF M-COMMERCE
– Ubiquity
– Convenience
– Interactivity
– Personalization
– Localization

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The landscape of mobile computing and m-commerce

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MOBILE COMMERCE: CONCEPTS, LANDSCAPE,
ATTRIBUTES, DRIVERS, APPLICATIONS, AND
BENEFITS
• DRIVERS OF M-COMMERCE
– Widespread availability of more powerful mobile devices
– The handset culture
– The service economy
– Vendor’s push
– The mobile workforce and mobile enterprise
– Improved price/performance
– Improving bandwidth

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MOBILE COMMERCE: CONCEPTS, LANDSCAPE,
ATTRIBUTES, DRIVERS, APPLICATIONS, AND
BENEFITS
• AN OVERVIEW OF THE APPLICATIONS OF M-COMMERCE
1. Field mobility
2. Fleet mobility
3. Warehouse management
4. Direct store delivery (DSD) route accounting

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M-commerce applications and their classifications

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THE ENABLING INFRASTRUCTURE:
COMPONENTS AND SERVICES OF MOBILE
COMPUTING
OVERVIEW OF MOBILE COMPUTING
• Wireless mobile computing (mobile computing)
Computing that connects a mobile device to a network or another
computing device, anytime, anywhere

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Mobile computing basic terminology

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THE ENABLING INFRASTRUCTURE:
COMPONENTS AND SERVICES OF MOBILE
COMPUTING
MOBILE DEVICES
• Personal digital assistant (PDA)
A stand-alone handheld computer principally used for personal
information management
• Smartphone
A mobile phone with PC-like capabilities
• Tablets

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THE ENABLING INFRASTRUCTURE:
COMPONENTS AND SERVICES OF MOBILE
COMPUTING
• Other Mobile Devices
– Smartbooks
– Wearable devices
– Screen
– Camera
– Touch-panel display
– Keyboard
– Speech translator
– Watch-like device
– RFID (radio frequency identification)

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THE ENABLING INFRASTRUCTURE:
COMPONENTS AND SERVICES OF MOBILE
COMPUTING
– Scanners
– Mobile browser (microbrowser): Web browser designed for use on a
mobile device optimized to display Web content most effectively for
small screens on portable devices
– Dashtop mobile

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THE ENABLING INFRASTRUCTURE:
COMPONENTS AND SERVICES OF MOBILE
COMPUTING
MOBILE COMPUTING SOFTWARE AND SERVICES
• Mobile portal
A gateway to the Internet optimized for mobility that aggregates
and provides content and services for mobile users
• Content providers
• Short message service (SMS)
A service that supports the sending and receiving of short text
messages on mobile phones

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THE ENABLING INFRASTRUCTURE:
COMPONENTS AND SERVICES OF MOBILE
COMPUTING
• Multimedia messaging service (MMS)
The emerging generation of wireless messaging; MMS is able to deliver rich
media
• Location-Based Services
• Voice-Support Services
– Interactive voice response (IVR): A voice system that enables
users to request and receive information and to enter and change data
through a telephone to a computerized system
– Voice portal: A website with an audio interface that can be accessed
through a telephone call

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THE ENABLING INFRASTRUCTURE:
COMPONENTS AND SERVICES OF MOBILE
COMPUTING
WIRELESS TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS
• Personal area network (PAN)
A wireless telecommunications network for device-to-device connections
within a very short range

• Bluetooth
A set of telecommunications standards that enables wireless devices to
communicate with each other over short distances

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THE ENABLING INFRASTRUCTURE:
COMPONENTS AND SERVICES OF MOBILE
COMPUTING
• Wireless local area network (WLAN)
A telecommunications network that enables users to make short-range
wireless connections to the Internet or another network

• Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity)

The common name used to describe the IEEE 802.11 standard used on most
WLANs

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THE ENABLING INFRASTRUCTURE:
COMPONENTS AND SERVICES OF MOBILE
COMPUTING
• WiMAX
A wireless standard (IEEE 802.16) for making broadband network connections
over a medium-size area such as a city

• Wireless wide area network (WWAN)

A telecommunications network that offers wireless coverage over a large
geographical area, typically over a cellular phone network

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How Wi-Fi works

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An M-commerce system at work

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MOBILE FINANCIAL APPLICATIONS
• MOBILE BANKING
Performing banking activities such as balance checks, account
transactions, payments, credit applications, etc., via a mobile device

• OTHER FINANCIAL-RELATED MOBILE APPLICATIONS

– Mobile Stock Trading
– Real Estate

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MOBILE ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS: FROM
SUPPORTING THE WORKFORCE TO IMPROVING
INTERNAL OPERATIONS
• DEFINING MOBILE ENTERPRISE
– Mobile enterprise: Application of mobile computing inside the
enterprise (e.g., for improved communication among employees)

• THE FRAMEWORK AND CONTENT OF MOBILE ENTERPRISE

APPLICATIONS
– The sales application
– The support application
– The service application
– Mobile worker: Any employee who is away from his or her primary
work space at least 10 hours a week or 25 percent of the time

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MOBILE ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS: FROM
SUPPORTING THE WORKFORCE TO IMPROVING
INTERNAL OPERATIONS
• Benefits of Mobile Workforce Support
– Sales force automation
– Field force automation
– Mobile office applications
– Mobile CRM (e-CRM) and PRM(patient relationship
management)

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MOBILE ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS: FROM
SUPPORTING THE WORKFORCE TO IMPROVING
INTERNAL OPERATIONS
• Challenges of Mobile Workforce Support
– Network coverage gaps and interruptions
– Internetwork roaming
– Device and network management
– Bandwidth management

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MOBILE ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS: FROM
SUPPORTING THE WORKFORCE TO IMPROVING
INTERNAL OPERATIONS
• FLEET AND TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT
– Fleet Maintenance
– Tracking People and Vehicles
– Transportation Management

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MOBILE ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS: FROM
SUPPORTING THE WORKFORCE TO IMPROVING
INTERNAL OPERATIONS
MOBILE APPLICATIONS IN WAREHOUSES
• Typical Mobile Devices Used in Warehouses
– Vehicle mount solutions
– Handheld solutions
– Hands-free and voice solutions
– Other solutions

OTHER ENTERPRISE MOBILE APPLICATIONS

• iPad in the Enterprise

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MOBILE ENTERTAINMENT, GAMING, CONSUMER
SERVICES, AND MOBILE SHOPPING
Mobile Entertainment
Any type of leisure activity that utilizes wireless telecommunication
networks, interacts with service providers, and incurs a cost upon
usage
• MOBILE MUSIC AND VIDEO PROVIDERS
• MOBILE GAMES
– Hurdles for Growth
• MOBILE GAMBLING
• MOBILITY AND SPORTS

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MOBILE ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS: FROM
SUPPORTING THE WORKFORCE TO IMPROVING
INTERNAL OPERATIONS
• SERVICE INDUSTRY CONSUMER APPLICATIONS
– Health Care
– Hospitality Management
– Public Safety and Crime Prevention
– Other Industries

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LOCATION-BASED MOBILE COMMERCE AND
MOBILE SOCIAL NETWORKS
• Location-based m-commerce (l-commerce)
Delivery of m-commerce transactions to individuals in a specific
location, at a specific time

• Real-time location system (RTLS)

Systems used to track and identify the location of objects in real time

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LOCATION-BASED MOBILE COMMERCE AND
MOBILE SOCIAL NETWORKS
• L-COMMERCE INFRASTRUCTURE
– Mobile devices
– Communication network
– Positioning component
– Service or application provider
– Data or content provider

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LBS components creating a system

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LOCATION-BASED MOBILE COMMERCE AND
MOBILE SOCIAL NETWORKS
• Geolocation
The process of automatically identifying a Web user’s physical location
without that user having to provide any information

• Network-based positioning
Relies on base stations to find the location of a mobile device sending
a signal or sensed by the network

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LOCATION-BASED MOBILE COMMERCE AND
MOBILE SOCIAL NETWORKS
• Terminal-based positioning
Calculating the location of a mobile device from signals sent by the
device to base stations

• Global positioning system (GPS)

A worldwide satellite-based tracking system that enables users to
determine their position anywhere on the earth

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LOCATION-BASED MOBILE COMMERCE AND
MOBILE SOCIAL NETWORKS
• Location-Based Data
– Locating
– Navigating
– Searching
– Identifying
– Event checking

• Geographical information system (GIS)

A computer system capable of integrating, storing, editing, analyzing,
sharing, and displaying geographically referenced (spatial) information

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LOCATION-BASED MOBILE COMMERCE AND
MOBILE SOCIAL NETWORKS
• Location-based service (LBS)
An information service accessible from and to mobile devices through a
mobile network utilizing the ability to make use of the geographical position
of the mobile device to deliver a service to the user
– Automatic vehicle location (AVL): A means for automatically
determining the geographic location of a vehicle and transmitting the
information to a request
– Social location-based marketing: Marketing activities that are
related to social behavior and are related to social networking
activities

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LOCATION-BASED MOBILE COMMERCE AND
MOBILE SOCIAL NETWORKS
• BARRIERS TO LOCATION-BASED M-COMMERCE
– Lack of GPS in mobile phones
– Accuracy of devices
– The cost–benefit justification
– Limited network bandwidth
– Invasion of privacy

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UBIQUITOUS (PERVASIVE) COMPUTING AND
SENSORY NETWORKS
• Ubiquitous computing (ubicom)
Computing capabilities that are being embedded into the objects
around us, which may be mobile or stationary

• Pervasive computing
Computing capabilities embedded in the environment but typically not
mobile

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UBIQUITOUS (PERVASIVE) COMPUTING AND
SENSORY NETWORKS
• Principles of Pervasive Computing
– Decentralization
– Diversification
– Connectivity
– Simplicity

• Context-aware computing
Application’s ability to detect and react to a set of environmental variables
that is described as context (which can be sensor information or other data
including users’ attitudes)

• Internet of Things

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UBIQUITOUS (PERVASIVE) COMPUTING AND
SENSORY NETWORKS
• SMART APPLICATION: GRID, HOMES, CARS, AND MORE
– Smart grid: An electricity network managed by utilizing digital
technology

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Smart grid environment

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UBIQUITOUS (PERVASIVE) COMPUTING AND
SENSORY NETWORKS
• Smart Homes and Appliances
– Lighting
– Energy management
– Water control
– Home security and communication
– Home entertainment
– Smart appliances

• Smart and Driverless Cars

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UBIQUITOUS (PERVASIVE) COMPUTING AND
SENSORY NETWORKS
• Radio frequency identification (RFID)
A short-range radio frequency communication technology for remotely
storing and retrieving data using devices called RFID tags and RFID
readers
– Sensor network: A collection of nodes capable of environmental
sensing, local computation, and communication with its peers or
with other higher performance nodes
– Smart Sensor Applications

• PRIVACY ISSUES IN UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING

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EMERGING TOPICS:FROM WEARABLES AND
GOOGLE GLASS TO SMART CITIES
• Wearable Computing Devices
• Google Glass
• Smart Cities

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Implementation Issues in Mobile Commerce
• M-COMMERCE SECURITY AND PRIVACY ISSUES
• TECHNOLOGICAL BARRIERS TO M-COMMERCE
• FAILURES IN MOBILE COMPUTING AND M-COMMERCE
• ETHICAL, LEGAL, PRIVACY, AND HEALTH ISSUES IN M-COMMERCE
• MOBILITY MANAGEMENT

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