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Complex Numbers

A complex number is a number of the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers. Complex numbers can be represented geometrically on a plane with real and imaginary number axes or in trigonometric form as r cis θ. Operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division can be performed with complex numbers by applying the standard rules either algebraically or in trigonometric form. Powers and roots of complex numbers follow specific rules where powers increase or decrease the angle and roots may have multiple values.

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Lejdhir Saega
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195 views

Complex Numbers

A complex number is a number of the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers. Complex numbers can be represented geometrically on a plane with real and imaginary number axes or in trigonometric form as r cis θ. Operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division can be performed with complex numbers by applying the standard rules either algebraically or in trigonometric form. Powers and roots of complex numbers follow specific rules where powers increase or decrease the angle and roots may have multiple values.

Uploaded by

Lejdhir Saega
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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x⁴+x³+x²+x+1=0

C MPLEX
NUMBERS
r cis Ɵ

(2+i)⁵⁶ = a +bi
WHAT IS A COMPLEX NUMBER?????

A number of the form a + bi which a and b are real numbers

Real Part Imaginary Part

If a = 0, the complex number reduces to bi, which is called


Pure Imaginary Number

If neither a nor b is zero, the complex number may be called


Mixed Imaginary Number
OPERATIONS WITH COMPLEX NUMBER

ADDITION OF COMPLEX NUMBERS

(a + bi) + (c + di) = (a + c) + (b + d)i

SUBTRACTION OF COMPLEX NUMBERS

(a + bi) – (c + di) = (a – c) + (b – d)i


MULTIPLICATION OF COMPLEX NUMBERS

(a + bi) (c + di) = ac + adi + bci + bdi² = (ac – bd) + (bc + ad)i

DIVISION OF COMPLEX NUMBERS

(a + bi) ÷ (c + di) = a + bi . c – di = ac – adi + bci - bdi²


c + di c – di c² - d²i²
= ac + bd + bc – ad i
c² + d² c² + d²
EXAMPLE – EXAMPLES – EXAMPLESS

(5 + 7i) + (8 + 2i)

(5 + 8) + (7 + 2)i = 13 + 9i

(15 + 2i) – (6 - 4i)

(15 - 6) + [2 – (-4)]i = 9 + 6i
EXAMPLE – EXAMPLES – EXAMPLESS

(2 + √3 i) (5 - 6√3 i)

[(2)(5) – (√3)(-6√3)] + [(2)(-6√3) + (√3)(5)]i = 28 – 7√3 i

EXERCISE !!!!

(8 + 7i) (2 + 3i)
(5 + 6i) (5 – 2i)
GEOMETRIC REPRESENTATION OF
COMPLEX NUMBERS

X R
axis of imaginary R = x + yi
numbers
Y
│r│= √(x²+y²)

axis of real numbers


EXAMPLE
Determine and draw the sum of two vectors A and B

5+5i

1,3

4,2
TRIGONOMETRIC FORM OF
COMPLEX NUMBERS
x = r cos Ɵ
y = r sin Ɵ
X R
R = x + yi
axis of imaginary
numbers r Y R = rcos Ɵ + i rsinƟ

Ɵ R = r cis Ɵ

modulus amplitude
axis of real numbers
Multiplication and Division of Complex Numbers
in Trigonometric Form

( r₁ cis Ɵ₁ ) ( r₂ cis Ɵ₂) = r₁ r₂ cis (Ɵ₁ + Ɵ₂)

( r₁ cis Ɵ₁) = r₁ cis (Ɵ₁ - Ɵ₂)


( r₂ cis Ɵ₂) r₂
EXAMPLE – EXAMPLES – EXAMPLESS

Find the trigonometric form of the complex number 1 - √3 i

Reduce the form 15 (cos345⁰ + i sin345⁰)

Simplify: 2(cos15⁰ + isin15⁰) • 3(cos70⁰ + isin70⁰)


4(cos65⁰ + isin65⁰)

Simplify: 4 + 4√3 i
6 – 6i
Powers and Roots of Complex Numbers

( r cis Ɵ )ⁿ = rⁿ cis nƟ ; where n is a positive integer

( )
ⁿ√( r cis Ɵ) = ⁿ√r cis Ɵ + k•360⁰
n
; where k = 0,1,2....(n-1)
EXAMPLE – EXAMPLES – EXAMPLESS

Simplify: (1 + √3 i)⁸

Simplify: (2 cis 20⁰)¹⁶

Find all of the cube roots of (1 - √3 i)

Find all the roots of the equation x⁵ - 32 = 0

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