Nutrisi Protein
Nutrisi Protein
Nutrisi Protein
Protein
Lemak
Nutrisi
Ternak Ruminansia
Pokok Bahasan
Minggu ke : 7, 8, 9, 10, 11
7. Protein
8. Karbohidrat
9. Lemak
Karbohidrat
Protein
Lemak10. Konsumsi Pakan
11. UJIAN
Nutrisi Ternak
Ruminansia
Protein
Protein
Pengertian
Fungsi dan Peranan
Pencernaan dan
Metabolisme
Pengertian :
Prot Murni:
Asam Amino
Senyawa
NPN / NBP
Nitrogen
Protein
Protein
Murni
Protein
Kasar (PK)
16% N
NPN/NBP
Macam Unsur Kadar (%)
Karbon, C 50
Hidrogen, H 7
Oksigen, O 23
Nitrogen, N 16
Belerang, S 0–3
Fosfor, P 0–3
Crude protein (CP %) = total N (%) 6.25
Factor is based on 16% N in protein.
True protein varies between 13 to 19% N.
Pengertian
Manfaat
Contoh bahan pakan :
asam amino bebas
amonia
asam nukleat
nitrat
urea
Urea :
Kadar N urea : 45 – 46%
Konversi PK = 45% x 6.25
= 281.25%
Crude Protein
True Non-
Lignified
protein protein
nitrogen
(60 to 80%) nitrogen
Essential amino acids Non-essential Amides
Arginine (Arg) amino acids Amines
Histidine (His) Alanine (Ala) Amino acids
Isoleucine (Ile) Asparagine (Asn) Peptides
Leucine (Leu) Aspartic acid (Asp) Nucleic acids
Lysine (Lys) Cysteine (Cys) Nitrates
Methionine (Met) Glutamic acid (Glu)
Phenylalanine (Phe) Glutamine (Gln) Ammonia
Threonine (Thr) Glycine (Gly) Urea
Tryptophan (Trp) Proline (Pro)
Valine (Val) Serine (Ser)
Tyrosine (Tyr)
urease
NPN NH3 + CO2
rumen microbes
CHO VFAs + Keto-acids (C skeleton)
rumen microbes
NH3 + Keto-acids Microbial AA
rumen microbes
Microbial AA Microbial proteins
abomasal digestion
Microbial proteins Free AA
SI digestion/absorption
Free AA body metabolism
Penggunaan UREA
Syarat baku : harus tersedia sumber karbon yang
mudah tersedia, mineral : Sulfur (S) dan Fosfor (P).
Patokan umum jumlah penggunaan :
1. Maks 1% dr total ransum (BK)
2. Maks 3% dr total konsentrat (BK)
3. Maks 5% dr total konsentrat sumber
protein (BK)
4. Protein asal urea atau NPN yg lain,
maks sepertiga dr total protein protein
ransum
5. TDN ransum min 65%
Occurs when blood NH3>60 mg%
Causes
Feeding excess urea (> 1% of ration
dry matter)
Inadequate energy fed with urea
Poor mixing of urea in diet
High blood NH3 toxic to brain cells
To maximize efficiency of microbial
protein synthesis from ammonia,
available energy must be present.
RDP : Rumen Degradable Protein
RUP : Rumen Undegradable Protein
Contoh bahan pakan : …
Teknologi proteksi : …
• Mampu menyediakan amonia
1 untuk pertumbuhan mikrobia
Bypass Protein : …
Proteksi protein bahan pakan :
• Sebutkan contoh bahan pakan
• Jelaskan
• Pengaruhnya terhadap performan
ternak
Milk Fat True DMI LW Nel RDP g RUP g RDP% RUP % CP %
kg % prot kg chang Mcal
% e kg
10 4.0 3.0 12.4 0.9 15.3 1240 230 10.0 1.9 11.9
10 4.0 3.5 12.4 0.8 15.6 1240 320 10.0 2.6 12.6
10 4.0 4.0 12.4 0.8 15.9 1240 420 10.0 3.4 13.4
10 4.5 3.0 12.7 0.9 15.7 1270 230 10.0 1.8 11.8
10 4.5 3.5 12.7 0.8 16.0 1270 320 10.0 2.5 12.5
10 4.5 4.0 12.7 0.8 16.3 1270 410 10.0 3.2 13.2
10 5.0 3.0 12.9 0.9 16.2 1290 220 10.0 1.7 11.7
10 5.0 3.5 12.9 0.8 16.5 1290 310 10.0 2.4 12.4
10 5.0 4.0 12.9 0.8 16.8 1290 400 10.0 3.1 13.1
Nurien Jumlah
DMI 12.4 kg
NEl 15.3 Mcal = 1.23
RDP 10 %
RUP 1.9 %
CP (PK) 11.9 %
Pakan PK,% Degradasi Bypass
Protein, % Protein, %
Pennisetum 9.7 56.0/5.43 44.0/4.27
purpureum
Panicum maximum 8.9 57.2/5.09 42.8/3.81
Setaria spacelata 8.4 61.4/5.16 38.6/3.24
Cynodon dactylon 14.7 61.8/9.08 38.2/5.62
Brachiaria mutica 7.5 59.2/4.44 40.8/3.06
Pakan PK,% Degradasi Bypass
Protein, % Protein,
%
Pueraria spacelata 22.1 65.3
Centrosema pubescens 21.7 59.7
Calopogonium 20.6 66.2
muconoides
Gliricidea sepium 15.4 51.3
Leucaena leucochepala 26.2 61.8
Pakan PK,% Degradasi Bypass
Protein, % Protein, %
Tepung Daging 43.8 56.1
Bungkil Kacang Tanah 33.7 89.4
Tepung Ikan 41.7 70.6
Biji Kedelai 41.7 85.5
Bungkil Kedelai 43.7 74.8
Bungkil Biji Kapas 32.5 77.7
Pakan PK,% Degradasi Bypass
Protein, % Protein, %
Bekatul Padi 12.3 78.1
Biji Jagung 9.2 74.5
Cassava 1.7 85.9
Dedak Jagung 10.0 74.7
Pakan PK,% Degradasi Bypass
Protein, % Protein, %
Bungkil Kelapa Sawit 49.10
Jerami Kacang Tanah 75.65
Jerami Kedelai 71.66
Jerami Ketela Pohon 75.55
Kulit Biji Kedelai 43.49
Jerami Jagung 59.46
Pucuk Tebu 42.59
Pakan PK,% Degradasi Bypass
Protein, % Protein, %
Bungkil Kedelai 60.49
Bungkil Kedelai + 0.2% fd 61.97
Bungkil Kedelai + 0.4% fd 57.81
Bungkil Kedelai + 0.6% fd 55.11
Keterangan :
fd : formaldehid
Pakan PK,% Degradasi Bypass
Protein, % Protein, %
Jerami Padi 27.25
Jerami Padi + 2% urea 44.61
Jerami Padi + 4% urea 52.04
Jerami Padi + 6% urea 56.55
Keterangan :
Jerami Padi amoniasi dengan aras urea yang berbeda
Pakan PK,% Degradasi Bypass
Protein, % Protein, %
Jerami Padi 27.25
Jerami Padi + 2% u + trich 51.93
Jerami Padi + 4% u + trich 56.33
Jerami Padi + 6% u + 55.24
trich
Keterangan :
Jerami Padi amoniasi dengan aras urea yang berbeda
dan penambahan Trichoderma riseii
Pakan PK,% Degradasi Bypass
Protein, % Protein, %
Bkl Kedelai 60.25
Bkl Kedelai (100oC, 2 jam) 54.51
Bkl Kedelai (110oC, 1 jam) 52.23
Bkl Kedelai (120oC, 30 49.99
menit)
Keterangan :
Perlakuan pemanasan berbagai suhu dan waktu (jam)
Komposisi dan keccernaan dari :
PROTEIN MIKROBIAL dan BYPASS PROTEIN
(microbial and ruminal escape proteins).
◦ Microbial protein
Composition :
80% amino acids
15% nucleic acids
5% other NPN
Digestibility of protein
80%
◦ Ruminal escape protein
Digestibility : 80%
Item Bakteri Protozoa
Bioligical Value (BV), % 80 80
Daya cerna, % 74 91
Net Protein Value 61 73
(NPV), %
Nutrien Kadar, % Nutrien Kadar, %
BK 100 Leu 3.44
PK 37.7 Lys 2.67
Arg 3.11 Phe 2.33
Cys 0.61 Tyr 1.01
Met 0.60 Ser -
Gly 2.22 Thre 1.88
His 1.10 Tryp 0.58
Isoleu 2.42 Val 2.24
◦ Factors affecting ruminal protein
degradation
Protein source Ruminal degradation, %
Corn 60
Soybean meal
Solvent processed 75
Expeller processed 50
Corn gluten meal 40
Corn gluten feed 80
DDG 55
Alfalfa 80
Urea 100
Peptides
amino NH3
acids
Rumen Energy
Plasma urea
Microbial N
NH3
Peptides Tissues
Small intestine amino Maintenance
Growth
acids Conceptus
Endog N Lactation
Wool
Energy NH3
Large intestine
Microbial N Endog N
Feces Urine
Bacterial Protein
Synthesis in the Rumen
CHOH VFA
Kebutuhan protein dipenuhi dari :
1. Protein yg lolos dr degradasi dalam rumen (bypass protein
2. Protein mikrobia yg tererna di usus halus.
Protein mikrobia mempunyai kualitas
protein yg baik.
Menurut Sniffen dan Robinson (1987) cit
Erwanto (1992), bahwa sumbangan protein
mikrobia rumen terhadap kebutuhan asam-
asam amino ternak ruminansia dapat
mencapai 40 – 80%.
Kebutuhan protein
ternak ruminansia
Sintesis Mikrobia Rumen
Sinkronisasi kerangka C dan N-amonia akan
sangat mendukung sintesis mikroba rumen
(Widyobroto et al., 2001)
Peningkatan konsentrasi
amonia sampai 98,3mg%
ternyata tidak lagi
merangsang pertumbuhan
mikroba rumen (Sutardi,
1979).
Kebutuhan protein dipenuhi
dari :
1. Protein yg lolos dr
degradasi dalam rumen
(bypass protein
2. Protein mikrobia yg
tererna di usus halus.
Protein mikrobia
mempunyai kualitas
protein yg baik.
Menurut Sniffen dan
Robinson (1987) cit
Erwanto (1992),
bahwa sumbangan
protein
mikrobia rumen
terhadap kebutuhan
asam-
asam amino ternak
ruminansia dapat
mencapai 40 – 80%.
Suplai
Suplai
energi yang
Nitrogen
fermentabel
Rumen
pH outflow
rate
Sintesis
mo rumen
Suplai energi merupakan first limiting factor untuk
pertumbuhan mikrobia
Protein mikrobia
mempunyai kualitas
protein yg baik.
Menurut Sniffen dan
Robinson (1987) cit
Erwanto (1992),
bahwa sumbangan
protein
mikrobia rumen
terhadap kebutuhan
asam-
asam amino ternak
ruminansia dapat
mencapai 40 – 80%.
Nutrisi
Karbohidrat