Introduction To Biostatistics

Introduction to Biostatistics
Muhammad Shahid
Introduction
Definition of statistics
 Statistics is the study of methods and
procedure for collection, classification,

analysis, and interpretation of data
 The term has been derived from the Latin
word “Status” the Italin word “Statistica”

and the German word “statistik” these
words mean political state or a Govt
Characteristics of statistics
 Statistics is the aggregate of fact
 Statistics are always expressed numerically
 Statistics is influenced by causes
 Statistics data need to be collected in a
systematic manner
 Statistic data is collected for predetermined
purposes
Biostatistics
Bios statistics is the application of statistical
methods to the problems of biology,
including human biology, medicine and
public health
 Statistical methods include the collection,
organization, classification, analyzation and

measure evaluation of facts to reach some
inferences.
Cont,,,
Biostatistics is also called biometry
 The word biometry has Greek word Bio
means Life and metron mean

measurement.
Classification of biostatistics
 Descriptive biostatistics
 Inferential biostatistics
Constant
 Constant is a quantity which does not vary
from one number of a group to another or
within a particular set of defined condition,
e.g. The number of enrolled student in
a particular course or particular college at
the time when data were collected.
Classification of Data
 Biostatistics
Descriptive Biostatistics Inferential Biostatistics
Includes, Include:
• Collecting • Making inferences
• Organization • Hypothesis testing
• Summarizing • Determining relation ship
• Presenting data • Making prediction
Statistical Terms
 Population
 Numbers of people living in area, a region, or
a country
 Biological definition of population
 The totality of individual of a given species
per given time and a given area.
 Statistics
 A group of individuals who are being studies.
Cont,,,,
Sample
 A subgroup of population
 Sample is a small group or portion of
the population selected using a suitable

method so that it can be regarded as
the representative of the entire
population and can be used for
investigating its properties
Cont,,,
Unit
 It is the smallest object or individual that
can be investigated as the source of basic
information
 E.g. small sub areas of the land, individual
or patient.
Variable
 Variable is a quantity which can vary
from one individual to another. For
example, animals of same species may
differ in their length, weight, age, sex
etc. These characteristics are variables.
Thus, variable can be define as, the
characteristics by which individuals
differ among themselves.
Conti…
 The particular values of a variable are
termed as variate or variate values.
variables may be of two types.
Variable
VARIABLE
Quantitative Qualitative
Include:
Include :
• Nominal
• Discrete
• Ordinal
• Continuous variable
Constant
 Constant is a quantity which does not
vary from one number of a group to
another or within a particular set of
defined condition, e.g. The number of
enrolled student in a particular course
or a particular college at the time when
data were collected.
parameter
 Parameter is any numerical property,
characteristic or fact that is descriptive of a
population. Population mean, median and
mode are the parameters of location.
These relate the numerical values of a
variable with the general location of a
population. Usually all the characteristics of
a population can be specified in term of a
few parameters,
Conti…
 Example, if the characteristic is length
and the measurements of length are
variable then the mean length can be
regarded as a parameter.
 Since parameter are descriptions of the
population, a population can have many
parameters.
Data
 Data is a set of expressed in quantitative

form. It can be primary or secondary. The
data collected by investigator from personal
experimental studies is called primary
data while the data obtained from some
secondary source such as journals,
magazines, newspaper, etc. Is known as
secondary data. A data can be primary
for one person and secondary for the other.
Inference
 Inference is simply a conclusion about a
population. It can be of two types;
 (a) Subjective matter inference is the
inference from a sample of units to the
populations of units.
 (b) statistical inference is a conclusion
about a population on the basis of
information contained in a sample,

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Introduction to Biostatistics

procedure for collection, classification,

word “Status” the Italin word “Statistica”

organization, classification, analyzation and

means Life and metron mean

Descriptive Biostatistics Inferential Biostatistics

 Sample is a small group or portion of

the population selected using a suitable

 Data is a set of expressed in quantitative

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