SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (10 MARKS)

1. Select and write the most correct answer in the space box provided.

I. The physiotherapist is providing health education about injury and poisoning prevention to a
group of young mothers at a health fair. What type of prevention is the physiotherapist
conducting?
A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention A
C. Tertiary prevention
D. Limited prevention
E. None of above
II. A client had a surgery for gastrointestinal problems and required a colostomy from the
surgery. What type of preventive care would this client need at this stage?
A. Primary
B. Secondary C
C. Tertiary
D. Limited
E. All of above

III. A school physiotherapiest is teaching a group of seniors about self- examination techniques
for the breast and testicular cancer in their health class. What type of health care prevention is the
school nurse teaching?
A. Primary
B. Secondary A
C. Tertiary
D. Limited
E. Non-limited

VI. Any combination of planned experiences based on sound theories that provide individuals,
groups, and communities the opportunity to acquire the information and skills needed to make
quality health decisions is known as:
A. health promotion.
B. health counseling.
C. health education. C
D. health knowledge.
E. Health mobilization
V. Distributing stress management pamphlets and presenting a poster exhibit at a health fair is an
example of
A. wellness assessment
B. health risk appraisal C
C information dissemination
D. lifestyle and behavior change
E. environmental control program
VI. After developing a behavior change plan with a 50-year-old woman who wants to decrease
cardiac risk, the nurse helps the client by
A. Anticipating and planning for barriers
B. Discussing environmental and interpersonal factors that support positive change D
C. Provide reinforcement for the client's efforts to change lifestyle
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
VII. Before implementing the behavior change plan, the client should
A. decide who can help them succeed and how to contact them
B. set up a follow-up contact in a few months A
C. decide whether the behavior change goals were met
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
VIII. The communication of health information in a manner which is clear and understandable is
known as:
A. empowerment.
B. health literacy. B
C. health disparities.
D. health education.
E. heath support
XI. Any combination of planned experiences based on sound theories that provide individuals,
groups, and communities the opportunity to acquire the information and skills needed to make
quality health decisions is known as:
A. health promotion.
B. health counseling.
C
C. health education.
D. health knowledge.
E. community health
X. A physiotherapist is teaching a group of healthy adults about the benefits of flu
immunizations. Which purpose of patient education is the nurse fulfilling?
A. Restoration of health
B. Coping with impaired functions
C. Promotion of health and illness prevention C
D. Health community
E. Support community
SECTION B: TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS (10 MARKS)

You are provided with multiple true and false questions. Write “TRUE” for the correct
statements and write “FALSE” for incorrect statements in the space provided.
2. Concerning Characteristics of Communication Process
A. Communication involves people, therefore for effective communication one has to
understand people TRUE
B. Communication can be verbal or non-verbal TRUE
C. Verbal communication includes spoken words TRUE
D. Verbal includes body gestures, signals, symbols, posters and others TRUE
E. Enhances feedback on the health service delivery TRUE
3. Concerning Challenges to Communication of HIV Messages
A. People can get tired of the same messages TRUE
B. Many sources of messages: different groups provide different messages TRUE
C. Messages may go against norms and religious or cultural beliefs TRUE
D. HIV information changes daily and it is hard to keep the public informed as information
changes FALSE
E. Reduce the stigma associated with TB/HIV TRUE
4. Roles of Health Education
A. Promoting good health practices, for example, sanitation, clean drinking water, good
hygiene, breast feeding, infant weaning, and oral rehydration TRUE
B. Promoting use of preventive services for example, immunization, screening, antenatal a
child health clinic TRUE
C. Promoting the correct use of medications and the pursuit of rehabilitation regimens
example for tuberculosis and leprosy respectively TRUE
D. Enhances recognition of early symptoms of disease and promoting early referral TRUE
E. Promotes community support for primary health care and government control measures
TRUE
5. Concerning Purposes of Health Education:
A. Positively influence the health behavior of individuals and communities, as well as
living and working conditions that influence their health TRUE
B. Promote, maintain, and improve individual, family, and community health TRUE
C. Increases knowledge of people on health and health related matters TRUE
D. Modifies beliefs and clarifies attitude and values TRUE
E. Enables people to change behavior TRUE
SECTION C: MATCHING ITEMS (10 MARKS)
6. Match items in COLUMN A with their corresponding responses in COLUMN B and write the
letter of the correct answer in the box provided below.
Colum A COLUM B
(I). Health promotion A. The process by which people learn about
their health and more specifically, how to
improve their health
(II). Equity in health B. state of complete physical, mental, and
social well-being and not merely the absence
of disease and infirmity
(III). Health C. All people have equal opportunity to
develop and maintain their health through fair
and just access to health resources
(IV). Holistic D. Health promotion initiatives should foster
physical, mental, social and spiritual health
(V). Health Education E. defined as the process of enabling people to
improve and increase control over their health.
(F) state of complete physical, mental, and
social well-being
(G) defined as the process of enabling people
to decline and increase control over their health
(H) The process by which people not necessary
learn about their health and more specifically,
how to improve their health

ANSWERS
COLUMN A I II III IV V
COLUMN B E C B A D
7. Match items in column A with their corresponding responses in column B and write the letter
of the correct answer in the box provided below.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
I. Secondary prevention A. combination of individual and social actions
designed to gain political commitment, policy
support, social acceptance and systems support
for a particular goal or program
II. Communication B. Reducing further disability or preventing the
recurrence of illness
III. Advocacy C. Prevention of the progression of disease,
example: screening and other methods of early
diagnosis and treatment
IV. Community assessment D. The process of transmitting and receiving
messages for the purpose of sharing
information and ideas.
V Tertiary Prevention E. process of gathering, analyzing and
reporting information about the needs of the
community and the capacities or strengths that
are also currently available in the community
to meet those needs
F. Does not Reducing further disability or
preventing the recurrence of illness
G. The process does not involve transmitting
and receiving messages for the purpose of
sharing information and ideas.
H. Prevention does not involve the progression
of disease, example: screening and other
methods of early diagnosis and treatment

ANSWERS
COLUMN A I II III IV V
COLUMN B C D A E B
SECTION D: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

8.(a)Define Health
is a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of
disease and infirmity?
(b) Outline the three main goal or objectives of health promotion (3marks)
Goal o
HP aims to strengthen the skills and capabilities of individuals and groups so that they can take
actions to change social, environmental, and economic conditions to improve public and
individual health.
Main objectives of health promotion
i. Prevent disease (preventive and early medical treatment) and early medical treatment, aimed
at preventing diseases before they occur and if they do occur, identifying them early and
ensuring early treatment to prevent complications (primary and secondary prevention).
ii Prevent complications of diseases by making sure that actions are taken to prevent death and
rehabilitate the person so that they are able to do normal daily living activities (tertiary
prevention).
Iii Ensure that people are well-informed and able to make healthy choices

9. (a) define health promotion

is defined as the process of enabling people to improve and increase control over their health
. (b) Identify three (3) health promotion strategies (5 marks)
(I) Enabling
(II) Creating environments that are supportive of health
(III) Advocacy to create the essential conditions for health

10. mention five (5) Health Promotion Approaches (5 marks)

I. Behavior Change Approach
II. The Ecological Approach
III. Community Development Approach or Social Change Approach
IV. Self Empowerment Approach- Educational
V. Preventive Approach
11. Outline five (5) principles of health education (5 marks)
I. Know what to change decide what the key problems are
II. Know your audience o Attempts to introduce new practices may fail if they are
incompatible with local beliefs and practices. .
III. Know the environment for health education
 IV. Timing for
V. Know what to talk-to

12. (a) define advocacy (2marks)

A combination of individual and social actions designed to gain political commitment, policy
support, social acceptance and systems support for a particular goal or program
(b) pinpoint three (3) strategies for health education (3 marks)
I. Information, education and communication (IEC)
II. Behavior change communication (BCC)
III. Advocacy, communication and social mobilisation (ACSM)

13. Enumerate five criteria of Effective information education and communication (IEC)
messages (5 marks)
• Should be clear and creative
• Capture both the mind and the heart
• Stimulate the audience to take the intended action
• Are positive and give hope
• Are appealing and persuasive through careful positioning
Are well planned
• Appeal to the target population
• Are positive, attractive and call for attention
• Avoid themes that can encourage discrimination or stigma
• Are sensitive to tradition, culture, norms and values
• Address social conditions of the target audience
• Use appropriate channels for the message

14. outline the four Steps of Creating information education and communications (IEC)
Messages (5 marks)
I. Needs assessment
II. Plan of action, including Goals and Objectives
III. Use of communication based on sound educational techniques
IV. Periodic monitoring and evaluation based on goals and objective
 V. Document

15.outline the five (5) Barriers to advocacy communications and social mobilization (ACSM)
(5 marks)
I. powerlessness is a key barrier to ACSM
II. Lack of law and code of ethics act as barriers to advocacy role
III. Time constraints
IV. Lack of motivation when people are working with frustration and reluctance affects
quality care and advocacy
V. Knowledge and skills are essential to advocacy. Clinical knowledge and some skills are
crucial factors to effective advocacy
VI. Inadequate resources (money, human, materials
VII. Limited communication is viewed as an important barrier to ACSM
SECTION E: GUIDED ESSAY QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)
16. explains nine (9) Goals of advocacy communications and social mobilization (ACSM)
INTRODUCTION
Advocacy •
A combination of individual and social actions designed to gain political commitment, policy
support, social acceptance and systems support for a particular goal or program.
• Advocacy is taking action to help people say what they want, secure their rights, represent
their interests and obtain services they need.
• It promotes social inclusion, equality and social justice, Advocacy is speaking up, drawing
attention to an issue, winning the support of key constituencies in order to influence policies and
spending, and bring about change.
Communication
• The process of transmitting and receiving messages for the purpose of sharing information and
ideas. •
All communication involves a channel through which a message is transmitted from the sender
to the receiver e.g. conversation, television, newspapers, radios, written messages and electronic
media
Social Mobilization
• Social mobilization is the process of bringing together supporters to Raise awareness of and
demand for a particular programme
o Assist in the delivery of resources and services o Strengthen community participation for
sustainability and self-reliance
MAIN BODY
Goals of ACSM
• Create awareness on health issues
• Motivate people to learn
• Increase awareness
• Influence social norms
• Create behavioural change among selected individuals or subpopulations in the public
• Promotes trust and transparency among various actors in health
• Facilitates community participation through advocacy and dialogue
• Enhances and sustains effective networking and consultative process
• Encourage individuals or groups to take actions to improve their health through
  Motivate people to learn
• Change attitudes
• Encourage individuals or groups to take actions to improve their health
• Modify behaviour
• Change social conditions
• Enhances feedback on the health service delivery
CONCLUSION; any relevant conclusion

17. describes (9) Roles of Health Care Providers in Health Education (He)
INTRO
Health education;
The process by which people learn about their health and more specifically, how to improve their
health. •
Comprises consciously constructed opportunities for learning involving some form of
communication designed to improve health literacy, including improving knowledge, and
developing life skills which are conducive to individual and community health
MAIN BODY
 Educate patients about medical procedures, operations, services, and therapeutic
regimens.
• Create activities and incentives to encourage use of services by high risk patients.
• Educate service providers about behavioral, cultural, or social barriers to health.
• Promote self-care to provide high-quality care and avoid burnout.
• Develop activities to improve patient participation in clinical processes through individual
health education.
• Protect, promote or maintain patient health and reduce risky behaviors through appropriate
health education messages.
• Make community-based referrals by providing correct information.
• Assist communities to identify health needs and find solutions to improve health.
• Conduct community organizing and outreach, coalition-building, and advocacy.
• Mobilize resources to develop, promote, implement, and evaluate health programmes,
strategies, and campaigns
CONCLUSION any relevant
18. describe the Principles of Health Promotion (HP)
INTRODUCTION;
Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being and not merely the absence
of disease and infirmity.
• Health promotion (HP) is defined as the process of enabling people to improve and increase
control over their health.
• According to WHO, health is the science and art of helping people change their lifestyle to
move toward a state of optimal health.
• Health promotion integrates all dimensions of health, physical, social, mental and spiritual.
• It emphasizes on collective actions through participation of people and communities in order to
improve their health.
MAIN BODY;
Principles of Health Promotion Health promotion initiatives should be planned and implemented
in accordance with the following principles:
• Equity in health
o Means that the needs of people should guide the distribution of opportunities for wellbeing o
All people have equal opportunity to develop and maintain their health through fair and just
access to health resources o WHO has a global strategy to achieve greater equity in health
between and within populations and countries through health promotion initiatives that is guided
by a concern for equity and social justice
• Empowerment for health
o Health promotion initiatives should enable individuals and communities to assume more power
over the personal, socio-economical, cultural, psychological or political processes through which
they are able to express their needs, present their concerns, devise strategies for involvement in
decision-making, and achieve political, social and cultural action to meet those needs.
• Participatory
o Health promotion initiatives should involve those concerned in all stages of planning,
implementation and evaluation
• Intersectoral
o Health promotion initiatives should involve the collaboration of agencies from relevant factors
• Sustainable
o Health promotion initiatives should bring about changes that individuals and communities can
maintain once initial funding has ended.
• Multi-strategy
o Health promotion initiatives should use a variety of approaches, including policy development,
organizational change, community development, legislation, advocacy, education and
communication in combination with one another.
• Holistic
o Health promotion initiatives should foster physical, mental, social and spiritual health
CONCLUSION; any relevant conclusion