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Conditionals by Rodrigo Gutierrez C

This document discusses different types of conditionals in English: - The zero conditional is used for things that are always true given a condition, with the form "if + present, present". - The first conditional predicts future events based on present conditions, with the form "if + present, will + infinitive". - The second conditional talks about unlikely present or future situations, with the form "if + past, would + infinitive". - The third conditional speculates about unreal past situations, with the form "if + past perfect, would have + past participle". It also introduces mixed conditionals that combine elements of forms, such as "if + past perfect,

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56 views21 pages

Conditionals by Rodrigo Gutierrez C

This document discusses different types of conditionals in English: - The zero conditional is used for things that are always true given a condition, with the form "if + present, present". - The first conditional predicts future events based on present conditions, with the form "if + present, will + infinitive". - The second conditional talks about unlikely present or future situations, with the form "if + past, would + infinitive". - The third conditional speculates about unreal past situations, with the form "if + past perfect, would have + past participle". It also introduces mixed conditionals that combine elements of forms, such as "if + past perfect,

Uploaded by

rodrigo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Conditionals

By
Rodrigo Gutierrez C
Zero Conditional

The Zero conditional is used for things that are always true as long as the
condition is met.

Form:
[if + present simple], [present simple]

Example:
If you heat water until 100 degrees Celsius, it boils.
If I drink too much coffee, I get a headache.
First Conditional

The First Conditional is used to predict the result of a future action (things
which might happen in the future).

Form:
[if + present simple], [will + infinitive]

Example:
If she gets good grades, she will go to university.
You’ll fail the exam if you don’t do more work.
Second conditional

The Second conditional is used to talk about situations that are unlikely or
unreal. It can refer to the present or the future.

Form:
[if + past simple], [would + infinitive]

Example:
If I were you, I wouldn’t do it.
I would learn Italian, if I had the time.
Third Conditional

The Third Conditional is used to speculate about the imaginary result of things
which didn’t happen.

Form:
[if + past perfect], [would have + past participle]

Example:
If you had studied harder, you would have passed your exams.
We wouldn’t have been late, if we hadn’t missed the bus.
Practice makes Perfect!

 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/if.htm
 http://
www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-exercise-conditionals.php
 https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/conditional-sentences-3
 https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences
Mixed conditionals

Second conditional
-> [if + past simple], [would + infinitive]
-> present/future situations

Third conditional
-> [if + past perfect], [would + have + past participle]
-> past situations
Mixed conditionals

Third conditional (past)


 If I had studied harder, I would have passed my exam.

Mixed conditional (past condition, present/future result)


 If I had studied harder, I would pass my exam.

Second conditional (present)


 If she had enough money, she could buy a new car.

Mixed conditional (present condition, past result)


 If she had enough money, she could have bought a new car long ago.
Mixed conditionals

[if + past perfect], [would + infinitive]


past condition, present/future result

This type of mixed conditional refers to an unreal past condition and its probable result in the
present/future. 
In these mixed conditional sentences, the time is the past in the "if" clause and in the present in
the main clause.

 If I had worked harder at school, I would have a better job now.


 If we had looked at the map we wouldn't be lost.
 You would be dead now if you had caught that plane.
 If I had taken an aspirin, I wouldn't have a headache now.
Mixed conditionals

[if + past simple], [would + have + past participle]


present condition, past result

These mixed conditional sentences refer to an unreal present situation and its probable (but unreal) past
result.
In these mixed conditional sentences, the time in the if clause is now or always and the time in the main
clause is before now.

 If I wasn't afraid of spiders, I would have picked it up.


 If we didn't trust him, we would have sacked him months ago.
 I would have been happy to help you if I wasn't in the middle of another meeting.
 If I was a good cook, I'd have invited them to lunch.
 If she had enough money, she could have done this trip to Hawaii.
Practice makes Perfect!

 https://agendaweb.org/verbs/conditional-mixed-exercises.html
 https://
elt.oup.com/student/solutions/upperint/grammar/grammar_09_022e?cc=nl&
selLanguage=nl
 https://www.englishpage.com/conditional/conditionalintro.html

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