Types of Modulator
Types of Modulator
Types of Modulator
INTRODUCTION
What is MODULATION
- Process of varying a periodic waveform, ex tone, in order to use signal
to convey a message (general definition)
What is MODULATOR
- Devices that perform modulation.
Switching MODULATOR
- Switching modulation is the other carriers such as “square waves” can
be used instead of sinusoidal waves to modulate the message signal.
- Device that multiplying information signal by any periodic digital signal
Reasons for modulation
i) Balanced Modulator
ii) Balanced Ring Modulator
iii) Switching Modulator: Diode Bridge
iv) Switching Modulator: Series Bridge Diode
Switching Modulator
Series-Bridge Modulator :Circuit
Diagram
OPERATION
Hence,
m(t ) (t ) C
n 0
n m(t ) cos(n c t n ) (2)
This shows that the spectrum of the product m(t ) (t ) is the spectrum M( ) shifted to
c ,2 c ,3 c ................ n c ,.......
D1 D3
HBPF()
Cntr Freq. = C vx = m(t).cos(Ct)
m(t) BW = 4B rad/s
= 2B Hz
c(t)
D2 D4
When c(t) < 0, all diodes are turned off and therefore, the circuit
simplifies to the following
D1 D3
HBPF()
Cntr Freq. = C vx = m(t).cos(Ct)
m(t) BW = 4B rad/s
= 2B Hz
c(t)
D2 D4
Therefore, the current of the message source m(t) passes through the 1
resistor and creates a voltage across the resistor that is equal to m(t)
Volts.
However, when c(t) > 0, all diodes become forward–biased (they
become like conductors), and therefore the circuit simplifies to
HBPF()
Cntr Freq. = C vx = m(t).cos(Ct)
m(t) BW = 4B rad/s
= 2B Hz
So, all current of the message source passes through the short
circuit and no current passes through the resistor. This leaves the
voltage across the resistor to be zero.
Hence, the signal at the input of the BPF is equal to the message signal
when the carrier is negative ( c(t) < 0 ) and equal to zero (c(t) > 0)
when the carrier is positive.
This is simply like multiplying the message signal with a square wave
that has a frequency equal to the carrier frequency.
The BPF removes the all higher harmonics of this signal resulting in a
DSBSC signal at its output.
Switching Modulator: Diode Bridge
Switching modulator
2 2
z(t) y1 (t ) y 2 (t ) [ax1 (t ) bx1 (t )] [ax2 (t ) bx2 (t )]
Substituting x1 (t ) cos c t m(t ) and x 2 (t ) cos c t m(t ) in the above equation yields
Noise reduction
Carrier suppression
BALANCE RING MODULATOR
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