6-DSB SC

EEE 309
Communication Systems I
Double Side Band Suppressed Carrier

(DSB-SC) Amplitude Modulation
Lathi 4.2
DSB-SC: Principle
DSB-SC signal generation
The carrier is suppressed before transmission (not transmitted)
Power efficiency increases: Transmit power requirement decreases
Bandwidth: Twice of the bandwidth of the message signal
Envelope detection can’t be used
The relationship of B to fc is of interest. To avoid the overlap of the modulated

spectra centered at fc and –fc, fc  B. If fc < B, then the two copies of message
spectra overlap and the information of m(t) is lost during modulation, which makes
it impossible to get back m(t) from the modulated signal m(t)cosct.
Therefore, fc
1
B
The broadcast band AM radio, for instance, with B = 5 kHz and the band of 550 to
1600 kHz for the carrier frequencies, gives a ratio of fc/B roughly in the range of
100 to 300.
The term suppressed carrier does not necessarily mean absence of the spectrum at
the carrier frequency fc. It means that there is no discrete component of the carrier
frequency. This implies that the spectrum of the DSB-SC does not have impulses at
±fc, which also implies that the modulated signal m(t)cos 2rrfct does not contain a term
of the form k cos 2rrfct [assuming that m(t) has a zero mean value].
DSB-SC Demodulation: Synchronous/ Coherent / Homodyne Demodulator (Detector)
To recover the original signal m(t) from the modulated signal, it is necessary to
retranslate the spectrum to its original position. The process of recovering the
signal from the modulated signal (retranslating the spectrum to its original
position) is referred to as demodulation.
After LPF
et    DSB  SC t  cosc t  mt  cos2 c t  mt   mt  cos 2c t

1 1
2 2
1. Multiplier Modulator:
Using an analog multiplier whose output is proportional to the product of two

input signals. Typically, such a multiplier may be obtained from a variable-gain
amplifier in which the gain parameter (such as the  of a transistor) is controlled by
one of the signals, say, m(t) . When the signal cosct is applied at the input of this
amplifier, the output is proportional to m(t)cosct.
2. Non-linear Modulator:
Modulation can be achieved by using nonlinear devices, such as a semiconductor

diode or a transistor. Figure 4.3 shows one possible scheme, which uses two
identical nonlinear elements (boxes marked NL).
Characteristics of non-linear element:

 The carrier signal does not appear at the input of the final BPF
 The bridge acts as a balanced bridge for the carrier only
 As the modulator is balanced with respect to one input, it is called single balanced
modulator. A circuit balanced with respect to both inputs is called a double balanced
modulator.
Balanced Modulator: consists of two standard amplitude modulators
arranged in a balanced configuration
3. Switching Modulators
The multiplication operation required for modulation can be replaced by a simpler
switching operation if we realize that a modulated signal can be obtained by
multiplying m(t) not only by a pure sinusoid but by any periodic signal ¢ (t) of the
fundamental radian frequency c. Such a periodic signal can be expressed by a
trigonometric Fourier series
fc ≥ 2B
Multiplication of a signal by a square pulse train is in reality a switching operation

in which the signal m(t) is switched on and off periodically; it can be accomplished
by simple switching elements controlled by w(t). Examples are Diode Bridge Modulator
and Ring Modulators.
The switching on and off of m(t) repeats for each cycle of the carrier, resulting in
the switched signal m(t)w(t), which when bandpass-filtered, yields the desired
modulated signal (2/n)m(t) cos wet.
A. Diode-bridge Modulator:
Diode-bridge works
as a switch
Series-bridge diode modulator
Shunt-bridge diode modulator
 When terminal ‘c’ is +ve with respect to terminal ‘d’, all four diodes conduct
 As D1 and D2 (also D3 and D4) are matched, terminal ‘a’ and terminal ‘b’ are short circuited
 When terminal ‘d’ is +ve with respect to ‘c’, all four diodes are open
Thus switching between a-b occurs periodically with carrier frequency fc.
 Thus, switching of m(t) at a frequency of fc is achieved
 It is a single balanced modulator
A. Diode-bridge Modulator (contd..):
fc ≥ 2B
B. Ring Modulator:
Positive Half-cycle: D1 and D3 conduct, Negative Half-cycle: D2 and D4 conduct

Hence, the output is proportional to m(t) during the positive half-cycle and to -m(t)
during the negative half-cycle. In effect, m(t) is multiplied by a square pulse train wo (t), as
shown in Fig. 4.6b.
(A double-balanced modulator)
 1
w0 (t )  2  w(t)    2 w(t )  1
 2
heterodyning
superheterodyning
Superheterodyning
is upconversion
while heterodyning
is down conversion

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EEE 309

Double Side Band Suppressed Carrier

The relationship of B to fc is of interest. To avoid the overlap of the modulated

et    DSB  SC t  cosc t  mt  cos2 c t  mt   mt  cos 2c t

Using an analog multiplier whose output is proportional to the product of two

Modulation can be achieved by using nonlinear devices, such as a semiconductor

Characteristics of non-linear element:

Multiplication of a signal by a square pulse train is in reality a switching operation

Series-bridge diode modulator

Shunt-bridge diode modulator

Positive Half-cycle: D1 and D3 conduct, Negative Half-cycle: D2 and D4 conduct

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