E-Governance

What is E-Governance?
• E-Governance or Electronic Governance can be
defined as delivery of government services and
information to the public using electronic methods.
• Electronic governance is the application of
Information Technology to the processes of
government functioning to bring Simple,
Meaningful, Accessible and accountable, Responsive
and Transparent governance.
• This is referred as “SMART” governance.
 History of E-Governance
• In 1977, the National informatics Center (NIC)was set up
first major step towards E-Governance.
• In 1980’s, computers were used for word processing but
this use was confined to only few organizations.
• Later with advancement of technologies, the government
started use of ICT for processes such as tracking
movement of papers and files, monitoring of
development programs, processing of employees pay
rolls etc..
• In 1987, NICNET was launched as National Satellite
Based Computer Network. This was followed by District
Information Systems of the National Informatics Center
(DISNIC) programme to computerized all district offices in
the country.
 Continued…
• NICNET was extended to all district headquarters by 1990.
• In 1998, a National Task Force on information Technology
and Software Development recommended the launching of
‘Operation Knowledge’ to universalize computer literacy
and spread the use of computers and IT in education.
• In 1999, a separate Union Ministry of Information
Technology was created, first among the all to use ICT was
the tax administration departments at the Union and State
levels.
• In 2006, the Government of India formally launched
National e-Governance Plan (NeGP), which included
National Optical Fiber Network.
• The current Government is focusing upon Digital India.
 Scope of E-Governance
• Governance is all about flow of information between
the government and citizens, government and
businesses and government and government.
• It also covers all these relationships as fallows,
1. Government to Citizens (G2C)
2. Citizens to Government (C2G)
3. Government to Government (G2G)
4. Government to Business (G2B)
 Government to Citizens (G2C)
• This is the most basic aspect of E-Governance.
• In modern times, Government deals with many aspects of
the life of a citizen.
• The relation ship of a citizen with government starts with
the birth and ends with the death of the citizen.
• A person transact with the government on every corner of
his life may be birth registration, marriage registration,
divorce and death registration.
• The G2C relation will include the services provided by the
government is Telecommunication, Transportation, Post,
Medical facilities, Electricity, Education.
• And also some of the democratic services relating to the
citizenship such as Certification, Registration, Licensing,
Taxation, Passport, ID Cards etc…
G2C relationship involves the facilitation services
with the use of ICT
1. E-Citizenship:
 it includes the implementation of ICT for facilitation of
Government services relating to citizenship of an
individual.
 It may involve online transactions relating to issue
and renewal of documents like Ration cards,
Passports, Election cards, ID cards etc…
 It will require the Government to create a virtual
identity of every citizen so as to enable them to access
the government services online.
 For the same, Government would need to create a
Citizen Database which is a huge risk
 Continued…
2. E-Registration:
 E-Registration will cover the online registration of
various contracts.
 An individual enters in to several contracts during his
life.
 Many of these contracts and transaction require
registration for giving it legality and enforceability.
 Such registration may also be made ICT enabled.
 E-Registration will help to reduce a significant
amount of paperwork.
 E-Transportation
• E-Transportation services would include ICT
enablement services of Government relating to
Transport by road, rail, water and air, these may
involve online services such as
 Booking and cancellation of tickets.
 Status of vehicles, railways, boats and flights.
 Issue and renewal of driving licenses.
 Registration and renewal of vehicles.
 Transfer of vehicles.
 Payment of the fees of licenses.
 Payment of fees and taxes for vehicle registration.
• E-Health:
 E-Health services would be ICT enablement of the health
services of the Government.
 Under this interconnection of all hospitals may take place.
 A patient database may be recorded.
 A local pharmacy database may also be created.
• E-Education:
 E-Education would cover the implementation of ICT in
imparting of education and conducting of courses.
 Distance as well as regular education will be facilitated with
the use of ICT.
 Use of internet can reduce the communication time required
in distance education.
 It may also help in conducting online classes.
• E-Help:
 E-Help refers to facilitation of disasters and crisis management
using ICT, which use the technologies like internet, SMS etc…
 For the purpose of reducing the response time of the
government agencies to the disasters.
 NGO’s help government in providing help in situations of
disasters, warnings and calls.
 NGO’s coordinate with government and facilitate the services
to speed up the rescue work.
• E-Taxation:
 E-Taxation will facilitate the taxing process by implementing
ICT in the taxing process.
 Online tax due alerts and online payments of taxes would help
transact faster.
 Citizen to Government (C2G)
• Citizen to Government relationship will include the
communication of citizens with the government arising in
the Democratic process like voting, campaigning,
feedback etc
• E-Democracy:
 The true concept of democracy includes the participation
of the citizens in the democratic and governing process.
 Due to the increased population active participation of
the citizens in governing process is not possible.
 The ICT can help enable the true democratic process
including voting, public opinion, feedback and
government accountability.
 Continued…
• E-Feedback:
 E-Feedback includes the use of the ICT for the
purpose of giving feedback to the government.
 Lobbying is pursuing the government to take a
certain decision.
 Use of ICT can enable online feedback to the
government, online debates as to the government
services.
Government to Government (G2G)
• G2G relationship would include the relationships
between Central and State government and also the
relationship between two or more government
departments.
• E-administration:
 It would include the implantation of ICT in the
functioning of government internally and externally.
 Implementation of ICT can reduce the communication
time between the government departments and
governments, also the reduction in paperwork.
 E-administration also bring morality and transparency
to the administration of government departments.
• E-Police:
 The concept of E-police is little different from cyber
police, cyber police require technology experts to curb
the electronic/cyber crimes.
 E-police refers to the use of ICT for the purpose of
facilitating the work of the police department in
investigation and administration.
 The concept of E-police includes databases of police
officers, their performances, criminal databases.
 ICT can help reduce the response time of the police
department and also reduce cost by reducing paperwork.
 Continued…
• E-Court:
 The concept of E-court will include the ICT
enablement of the judicial process.
 Technology may help distant hearing, online
summons and warrants and online publication
of Judgment and Decrees.
 Government to Business (G2B)
• E-Taxation:
 Corporate sector pays many duties and dues to the
government, payment of these taxes and dues will be
made easier by E-taxation.
 Online taxing and online payment of taxes can reduce
cost and time required for physical submission.
 ICT can also help crosscheck the frauds and
deficiencies in payment, further bringing accuracy and
revenue to the government.
• E-Licensing:
 Companies have to acquire various licenses from the
government, similarly the companies have to acquire
various registration.
 ICT enables the licensing and registration can reduce
time and cost.
• E-Tendering:
 E-tendering will include the facilities of online tendering
and procurement.
 It will online alerts as to new opportunities of business
with government and also online submissions and
tenders and online allotments of work.
 Reduce time and cost involved in the physical tendering
system.
 Stages of E-Governance
• With respect to India, E-Governance proceeded
through the following phases
 Computerization: this phase was characterized by
the use of computers in a large number of
government offices.
 Networking: in this phase, few government
organizations got connected through a hub which
facilitated sharing information and flow of data
between different government entities.
 Continued…
 Online presence: in this phase, few government
entities began to maintain websites containing
information about the organizational structure,
contact details, reports and publications, objectives
and vision statement.
 Online interactivity: in this phase, online
interactions began between government entities and
citizens, civil society organizations, it also minimize
the scope of personal interface with government
entities by providing downloadable Forms,
Instructions, Acts, Rules etc..