E Governance

E-governance
Introduction
Electronic governance or e-governance is adopted by countries across the
world. In a fast-growing and demanding economy like India, e-governance has
become essential. The rapid growth of digitalisation has led to many
governments across the globe to introduce and incorporate technology into
governmental processes.
e-Governance can be defined as the application of information and

communication technology (ICT) for providing government services, exchange
of information, transactions, and integration of previously existing services and
information portals.
The “e” in e-Governance stands for ‘electronic’.
In other words, it is the use of technology to perform government activities and
achieve the objectives of governance. Through e-governance, government services
are made available to citizens and businesses in a convenient, efficient and
transparent manner. Examples of e-governance include Digital India initiative,
National Portal of India, Prime Minister of India portal, Aadhaar, filing and payment
of taxes online, digital land management systems, Common Entrance Test etc.
The Council of Europe referred to e-Governance as:

The use of electronic technologies in three areas of public action:
 relations between the public authorities and civil society
 the functioning of the public authorities at all stages of the democratic process
(electronic democracy)
 the provision of public services (electronic public services)
Reasons for Opting e-Governance
 Governance per se has become very complex
 Increase in citizens’ expectations from the government
Evolution of e-Governance
Among those developing countries, India has been an early country that
adopted e-governance. In 1977, the National Informatics Centre (NIC) was
the first initiative that has been taken up by the govt. Throughout the
decade of 80s, efforts were made to link all the district headquarters. A lot
of government officials started using computers during the late 1980s. But
it was only in 1987 that there was the launch of the national satellite-based
computer network and as a result, the e-governance agenda in India gained
momentum. Moreover, at the beginning of the 90s, the technologies were
increased by ICT and it reached out to the rural areas as well. NGOs and
private sector participation also increased to a considerable extent during
that time.
Initial Steps Taken
 The establishment of the Department of Electronics in 1970 was the first
major step towards e-governance in India as it brought ‘information’ and
its communication to focus.
 National Informatics Centre (NIC) established in 1977, launched the
District Information System program to computerize all district offices
in the country
 Themain thrust for e-governance was provided by the launching of
NICNET in 1987 – the national satellite-based computer network.
Types of Interaction in e-Governance
There are four types of interactions in e-governance. They are as follows:
1. G2G– (Government to Government) This model aims at sharing the information
between Governments like sharing of information between the police departments of
various States, Government document exchange, and so on.
2. G2C– (Government to Citizen) This model aims at sharing the information
between the Government and the citizens like online filing of complaints, payment of
online bills of electricity, water, and so on.
3. G2B– (Government to Business) This model aims at sharing information between
Government and private sectors like sharing of rules and data, collection of taxes,
approval of patents of companies, etc.
4. G2E– (Government to Employees) This model aims at sharing the information
between the Government and employees like employees can fill out all types of
forms online.
Different Connotations of e-Governance
 e-Administration: The use of ICTs to modernize the state; the creation of data repositories for
Management Information System (MIS) and computerization of records (land, health etc).
 e-Services: The emphasis here is to bring the state closer to the citizens.
 For Example: Provision of online services.
 e-administration and e-services together constitute what is largely termed as e-government.
 e-Governance: The use of IT to improve the ability of the government to address the needs of
society.
 It includes the publishing of policy and program-related information to transact with citizens.
• It extends beyond the provision of online services and covers the use of IT for strategic
planning and reaching the development goals of the government.
 e-Democracy: The use of IT to facilitate the ability of all sections of society to participate in the
governance of the state.
• Emphasis is on bringing transparency, accountability, and participation of people.
• It includes online disclosures of policies, online grievance redressal, e-referendums etc.
Objectives of e-Governance
 To support and simplify governance for government, citizens, and
businesses.
 Tomake government administration more transparent and accountable
while addressing the society’s needs and expectations through efficient
public services and effective interaction between the people, businesses,
and government.
 To reduce corruption in the government.
 To ensure speedy administration of services and information.
 Toreduce difficulties for business, provide immediate information and
enable digital communication by e-business.
Features of e-Governance
It has been proven from the concept of e-governance that it is a powerful means
of public service in the present era. Some of its features can be found by
observing the functioning of e-governance.
 De bureaucratization: Due to e-governance, the gap between the people and
the government in all the services of the government is narrowing and the
dependence of the people on the bureaucracy is also greatly reduced.
 E-Services: Its main feature is the provision of services through the Internet.
As a result, we get G2C, G2B, G2E, etc. services.
 International Services: through e-governance, all the essential services can
be delivered to the citizens who are living outside of their country for job
purposes or any other reasons.
 It enhances the right to express to the citizens. Using the means of e-
governance anyone can share their views with the government on any bill
or act or decision taken by the government.
 Economic Development: With the introduction of e-governance, various
information like import-export, registration of companies, investment
situations, etc. are available through the internet. As a result, time is
saved, procrastination decreases, and economic dynamism increases.
 Reduce inequality: using e-governance tools everyone can gather
information and empower themselves. In this globalized world,
knowledge is power, and means of e-governance empower us by
providing relevant information at minimal cost, effort, and time.
Pillars of e-governance
Four key pillars of e-Governance are:
 Process
 People
 Technology
 Resources
Stages of E-governance

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E-governance

e-Governance can be defined as the application of information and

The Council of Europe referred to e-Governance as:

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