MSI Circuits

Useful MSI circuits

 Four common and useful MSI circuits are:
 Decoder
 Demultiplexer
 Encoder
 Multiplexer

 Block-level outlines of MSI circuits:

decoder encoder
code entity entity code

mux data data demux output

input

select select
Decoders
 Convert binary information from n input lines to
n
(max. of) 2 output lines.
 Known as n-to-m-line decoder, or simply n:m or
nm decoder (m  2n).
 May be used to generate 2n (or fewer) minterms of
n input variables.
Decoders
 Example: if codes 00, 01, 10, 11 are used to identify four
light bulbs, we may use a 2-bit decoder:

2x4
F0 Bulb 0
2-bit X Dec Bulb 1
F 1
code Y F2 Bulb 2
F3 Bulb 3

 This is a 24 decoder which selects an output line based on

the 2-bit code supplied.
 Truth table: X Y F0 F1 F2 F3
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 0
1 1 0 0 0 1
Decoders
X Y F0 F1 F2 F3
 From truth table, circuit 0 0 1 0 0 0
for 24 decoder is: 0 1 0 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 0
 Note: Each output is a 2- 1 1 0 0 0 1

variable minterm (X'Y', F0 = X'Y'

X'Y, XY' or XY)
F1 = X'Y

F2 = XY'

F3 = XY

X Y
Decoders
 Design a 38 decoder by yourself.
Solution
Decoders
 In general, for an n-bit code, a decoder could select up to
2n lines:

n n
n-bit n to 2 up to 2
code : decoder : output lines

As n input generates 2^n output, which reminds us of

canonical SOP, thus a decoder can be used to generate
any function
Application of Decoder
• Example 1: Full adder circuit with decoder (3 x 8
decoder)
Demultiplexer
 Given an input line and a set of selection lines, the
demultiplexer will direct data from input to a selected
output line.
 An example of a 1-to-4 demultiplexer:

Outputs

Y0 = D.S1'.S0' S1 So Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3
0 0 D 0 0 0
Y1 = D.S1'.S0
Data D demux
0 1 0 D 0 0
Y2 = D.S1.S0' 1 0 0 0 D 0
1 1 0 0 0 D
Y3 = D.S1.S0

S1 S 0
select
Demultiplexer
• The demultiplexer is actually identical to a decoder
with enable. A decoder with an enable input can
function as a demultiplexer (or demux)
Decoder + enable= demultiplexer
• The selection of a specific output line is controlled
by the bit values of ‘n’-selection lines.

Y0 = D.S1'.S0'
2x4
S1 Decoder Y1 = D.S1'.S0
data demux output
S0 Y2 = D.S1.S0'
E Y3 = D.S1.S0
select

D
4-line-to-16 line Decoder constructed with two 3-line-to-8 line decoders with
enables

15
4-line-to-16 line Decoder constructed with two 3-line-to-8 line decoders with
enables

• When w=0, the top decoder is enabled and the other is

disabled. The bottom decoder outputs are all 0’s , and
the top eight outputs generate min-terms 0000 to 0111.
• When w=1, the enable conditions are reversed. The
bottom decoder outputs generate min-terms 1000 to
1111, while the outputs of the top decoder are all 0’s.

16
F(a,b,c,d)=∑(0,1,3,5,12,13)
Implement the above boolean function using  
a. 3:8 Decoder(s).      
b. 2:4 Decoder(s).

17
F(a,b,c,d)=∑(0,1,3,5,12,13)
Implement the above boolean function using  
a. 3:8 Decoder(s).      
b. 2:4 Decoder(s).

You have to connect D0,D1,D3,D5,D12

& D13 with OR Gate

18
Multiplexer
 A multiplexer is a device which has
(i) a number of input lines
(ii) a number of selection lines
(iii) one output line
 A Multiplexer steers one of 2n inputs to a single output line,
using n selection lines. Also known as a data selector.

2n:1
inputs Multiplexer output
:

...
select
Multiplexer
 Truth table for a 4-to-1 multiplexer:
I0 I1 I2 I3 S1 S0 Y S1 S0 Y
d0 d1 d2 d3 0 0 d0 0 0 I0
d0 d1 d2 d3 0 1 d1 0 1 I1
d0 d1 d2 d3 1 0 d2 1 0 I2
d0 d1 d2 d3 1 1 d3 1 1 I3

Inputs Inputs
I0 0 I0
I1 4:1
1 I1
MUX
I2 2 Y Output I2 mux Y
I3 3 I3
S1 S0
S1 S0
select select
Multiplexer
 Output of multiplexer is
“sum of the (product of data lines and
selection lines)”
 Often known as Data selector as it selects one
of the many inputs and steers the binary
information to the output line.
 Example: the output of a 4-to-1 multiplexer is:
Y = I0.(S1’.S0') + I1.(S1’.S0) + I2.(S1.S0') + I3.(S1.S0)
Try it yourself
• Draw the internal circuit diagram (logic diagram) of a 4-to-1
multiplexer.
Solution
Y = I0.(S1’.S0') + I1.(S1’.S0) + I2.(S1.S0') + I3.(S1.S0)
Larger Multiplexers
 Larger multiplexers can be constructed from smaller ones.
 An 8-to-1 multiplexer can be constructed from smaller
multiplexers like this (from two 4x1 and one 2x1):

S2 S1 S0 Y
0 0 0 I0
0 0 1 I1
0 1 0 I2
0 1 1 I3
1 0 0 I4
1 0 1 I5
1 1 0 I6
1 1 1 I7
Larger Multiplexers
 Larger multiplexers can be constructed from smaller ones.
 An 8-to-1 multiplexer can be constructed from smaller
multiplexers like this (from two 4x1 and one 2x1):

I0 When S2 S1 S0 Y
I1 4:1 S2S1S0 = 000
I0 0 0 0 I0
I2 MUX
0 0 1 I1
I3
2:1 I0 0 1 0 I2
S1 S0 MUX Y 0 1 1 I3
I4 1 0 0 I4
I5 4:1 1 0 1 I5
I6 MUX I4 1 1 0 I6
S2
I7 1 1 1 I7

S1 S0
Larger Multiplexers
 Another implementation of an 8-to-1 multiplexer using
smaller multiplexers (four 2x1 and one 4x1):
S2 S1 S0 Y
0 0 0 I0
0 0 1 I1
0 1 0 I2
0 1 1 I3
1 0 0 I4
1 0 1 I5
1 1 0 I6
1 1 1 I7
Larger Multiplexers
 Another implementation of an 8-to-1 multiplexer using
smaller multiplexers (four 2x1 and one 4x1):
When
I0 2:1 I0 S2S1S0 = 000 S2 S1 S0 Y
I1 MUX 0 0 0 I0
0 0 1 I1
I2 2:1 I2 S0 0 1 0 I2
MUX 0 1 1 I3
I3
1 0 0 I4
4:1 I0
S0 Y 1 0 1 I5
MUX 1 1 0 I6
I4 2:1 I4 1 1 1 I7
I5 MUX
S2 S1
S0 I 2:1
6

I7 MUX I6

S0
Q: Can we use only 2:1 multiplexers?
 Larger Multiplexers
Q: Can we use only 2:1 multiplexers?
Try it yourself: Larger Multiplexers
 A 16-to-1 multiplexer can be constructed from only 4-to-1 multiplexers:
 Multiplexer with enable input

We can
construct it
using four 2x1
line multiplexer
for inserting the
input and then
three 2x1 line
multiplexer for
combining the
result
Encoder
• Encoder is a digital function that produces a reverse operation of a
decoder!
• It has 2n input lines and n output lines
Example: Octal-binary encoder
Example: Octal-binary encoder

There are 8 input variables so there will

28 input combination, amongst which in
Octal-binary encoder only 8 are useful
Example: Priority Encoder
• Design a priority encoder, which will allow more than one input to
exist and encodes only the highest priority input line. For example,
8x3 encoder in a if user give D2 and D7 together, it will allow data of
D7 to pass.
 Priority Encoder

• Accepts multiple values and encodes them

• Works when more than one input is active
• Consists of:
• Inputs (2n)
• Outputs
• when more than one output is active, sets output
to correspond to highest input
• V (indicates whether any of the inputs are active).
This helps to show the output when all inputs are 0s
• Selectors / Enable
 D3 D2 D1 D0 A1 A0 V
0 0 0 0 x X 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 1
0 0 1 0 0 1 1
0 0 1 1 0 1 1
Note: V
0 1 0 0 1 0 1 is not
really an
0 1 0 1 1 0 1 output,
0 1 1 0 1 0 1 just
shows
0 1 1 1 1 0 1 whether
there is
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 an active
input or
1 0 0 1 1 1 1 not.
Note: Amongst all 3
1 0 1 0 1 1 1
input, D2 is highest so
output reflects the 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
binary value of 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 1
1 1 0 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 0 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Priority Encoder
Priority Encoder
Boolean Function
implementation using MSI
Try it yourself
Using 4:1 MUX design
• AND gate
• OR gate
• NOT gate
Solution

AND OR
GND GND
+5v
+5v
NOT
+5v
X
X
GND
Try it yourself
a)Built the following function using 8x1 Mux.
F=∑(0,4,5)
b)Design same thing with 3x8 decoder
c) Try designing it with single 4x1 Mux
Solution

• F=∑(0,4,5)
a) b)

5V
Rules: for using smaller mux to build
larger equation

Answer: Part ( c )

1
A
0
0
1 A 0 0 B C
Built the following function using 4x1 Mux
Try it yourself
a) Implement the below function using a 8x1 Mux.
b) Implement the below function using a 4x16 decoder and OR gates
Solution
Home-task: Try it yourself
Using 2:1 MUX design
• AND gate
• OR gate
• NOT gate
Note:
• Both mux and decoder can be used to design combinational circuit.
• Decoder are mostly used to decoding binary information and mux are
mostly used to select path between multiple sources and a single
destination.
16 variables with 4x1 Mux

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8lhlAX2JMk
F(a,b,c,d)=∑(0,1,4,5,9,14,15)
Implement the above boolean function using  4:1 MUX(s) and 2:1 MUX(s).      
Combining MSI to build
Combinational Design Circuit
Exercise time!
• Design a BCD to Excess 3 code converter using ‘4x16’ decoder and
‘16x4’ encoder
Solution

16:4
encoder
 Try it yourself
• Design a full adder using ‘3x8’ decoder and ‘4x2’ encoder
Solution:
Try it yourself
• Design ‘4x1’ mux using ‘2x4’ decoder
• Design ‘4x1’ demux using ‘2x4’ decoder