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Fluid Mechanics: Chapter-4

This document discusses the Bernoulli equation for fluid mechanics. It states that for steady, incompressible flow, the total energy at any point along a streamline remains constant. The total energy is the sum of pressure energy, kinetic energy, and potential energy. It provides examples calculating pressure, velocity, and flow rates using the Bernoulli equation for problems involving pipes, nozzles, and multi-fluid systems.

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Ahmed Suhail
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66 views7 pages

Fluid Mechanics: Chapter-4

This document discusses the Bernoulli equation for fluid mechanics. It states that for steady, incompressible flow, the total energy at any point along a streamline remains constant. The total energy is the sum of pressure energy, kinetic energy, and potential energy. It provides examples calculating pressure, velocity, and flow rates using the Bernoulli equation for problems involving pipes, nozzles, and multi-fluid systems.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Suhail
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Al-Mansour University College

Civil Engineering Department


Second Year/ 2017-2018 ) 7 ( ‫الــمــحــاضــرة رقــم‬

FLUID MECHANICS
CHAPTER- 4 / FLUID Dynamic

.Ahmed Layth, R.E., M.S


Energy Equation- (Bernoulli Equation)
From conservation of energy and steady state flow (fluid properties are not
function of time):

P2  
P1  

= pressure at section 1 and 2  


Z1
Z2
= Elevations of section 1 and 2 Datum

For incompressible fluids: 


=
 

is pressure energy and called pressure head, m.


is kinetic energy and called velocity head, m.
is potential energy and called elevation head, m.
H is total energy and called total head, m.

is the head provided by a pump, m.

is the head lost mainly as friction and called head loss, m.

In some cases, head loss () is small and can be neglected and if there is no
pump (i.e. = 0), total head will be constant at all sections along the flow.
Example (9)
A fluid of constant density 960 kg/m3 is flowing steadily through a tube. The
diameters at the sections are d1=100 mm and d2= 80 mm. The gauge pressure at 1 is
200 kN/m2 and the velocity v1 = 5 m/s. Assuming no losses occurs:
1- What is the gauge pressure at section 2.
2- Prove that the total energy are equal at each section.
Example (10)
Oil with SG = 0.84 flowing in a pipe as shown in the figure below. Total head
loss from point 1 to 2 is 0.91 m. If the pressure at 1 is 40 MPa find the
pressure at point 2. Use pipe diameters 150 mm and 200 mm, respectively.
Q = 0.058   1

Q = 0.058  

3.25 m
2

1.22 m

Ref. datum
Example (11)
Water flows steadily up a vertical pipe of 0.1 m diameter and out from the
nozzle which is 0.05 m in diameter discharging to atmospheric pressure. How
much pressure should be at section 1 to make the water exit at 20 m/s
velocity? Neglect head losses.
Example (12)
A large tank contains compressed air, gasoline at specific gravity 0.68, light oil
at specific gravity 0.8, and water as shown in the figure below. The pressure
of the air is 120 kPa gage. If we neglect energy losses, what is the mass flow
of oil from a 20-mm diameter jet?

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