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    Second Sex and Gender Inequality in Pakistan

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    eman
    Simone de Beauvoir's 1949 work "The Second Sex" was influential in second wave feminism, arguing that gender is a social construct rather than a natural state and that women are oppressed under patriarchy. Gender inequality in Pakistan is deeply rooted in history and culture, where women have long faced social, domestic, and sexual violence and discrimination. They experience limited opportunities, unequal wages, and a double burden of labor due to restrictions like purdah and lack of mobility and education. Violence against women remains common as patriarchy controls women's public and private lives and status in Pakistan.

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    Second Sex and Gender Inequality in Pakistan

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    eman
    41 views8 pages
    Simone de Beauvoir's 1949 work "The Second Sex" was influential in second wave feminism, arguing that gender is a social construct rather than a natural state and that women are oppressed under patriarchy. Gender inequality in Pakistan is deeply rooted in history and culture, where women have long faced social, domestic, and sexual violence and discrimination. They experience limited opportunities, unequal wages, and a double burden of labor due to restrictions like purdah and lack of mobility and education. Violence against women remains common as patriarchy controls women's public and private lives and status in Pakistan.

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    Simone de Beauvoir's 1949 work "The Second Sex" was influential in second wave feminism, arguing that gender is a social construct rather than a natural state and that women are oppressed under patriarchy. Gender inequality in Pakistan is deeply rooted in history and culture, where women have long faced social, domestic, and sexual violence and discrimination. They experience limited opportunities, unequal wages, and a double burden of labor due to restrictions like purdah and lack of mobility and education. Violence against women remains common as patriarchy controls women's public and private lives and status in Pakistan.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    41 views8 pages

    Second Sex and Gender Inequality in Pakistan

    Uploaded by

    eman
    Simone de Beauvoir's 1949 work "The Second Sex" was influential in second wave feminism, arguing that gender is a social construct rather than a natural state and that women are oppressed under patriarchy. Gender inequality in Pakistan is deeply rooted in history and culture, where women have long faced social, domestic, and sexual violence and discrimination. They experience limited opportunities, unequal wages, and a double burden of labor due to restrictions like purdah and lack of mobility and education. Violence against women remains common as patriarchy controls women's public and private lives and status in Pakistan.

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    SECOND SEX AND

    GENDER INEQUALITY
    IN PAKISTAN
    FEMINISM AND SECOND SEX

    • Second wave of feminism


    • Simone de Beauvoir’s French Existentialist and Feminist
    • Second Sex in 1949
    • Bible of feminism
    • "one is not born a woman, but becomes one"
    IMPORTANT DE BEAUVOIR QUOTES

    • “It takes belonging to the privileged caste to view the universe as one’s own, to
    consider oneself as guilty of its faults and take pride in its progress; those alone
    who are at the controls have the opportunity to justify it by changing, thinking,
    and revealing it; only they can identify with it and try to leave their imprint on it.“
    • “The advantage man enjoys, and which manifests itself from childhood onward is
    that his vocation as a human being in no way contradicts his destiny as a male."
    CONT..

    • “The curse on the woman vassal is that she is not allowed to do


    anything; so she stubbornly pursues the impossible quest for being
    through narcissism, love, or religion; when she is productive and active,
    she regains her transcendence; she affirms herself concretely as subject
    in her projects; she senses her responsibility relative to the goals she
    pursues and to the money and rights she appropriates.”
    • “...her wings are cut and then she is blamed for not knowing how to fly.”
    GENDER INEQUALITY IN PAKISTAN.

    • Issues like gender inequality are very complex and usually “rooted very deep in history,
    culture and traditions of societies”

    • For a long time, women in Pakistan were “most vulnerable and convenient targets of
    social, domestic and sexual violence”

    • “industrialization and the contemporary emphasis on realization of human potential” and


    redefined traditions, i.e. Islamization
    • definition of women’s rights is complicated
    POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS

    • Hostile environment, limited options, unequal wages, bad work conditions and double
    burden of labor.
    • The restriction to the home sphere (purdah) and the severely limited mobility of women
    affects their job and educational opportunities.
    • Discrimination due to different line of job.
    • Keeping women inside the home ensure the political economy remains intact.
    • Family is “conventionally considered to be central to women’s lives and to the
    determination of gender inequality”
    CONT..

    • According to Population Research Institute, it is estimated that between


    2000 and 2014, 1.2 million sex-selective abortions were performed in
    Pakistan.
    • In Pakistan, the control of women’s sexuality remains one of the most
    powerful weapons of patriarchy.
    • In Pakistan women experience patriarchy in public and private domain and
    remain a lower status in social, economic and political sphere compared to
    men.
    • Violence against women in Pakistan is very common.
    CONCLUSION

    • Female agency is yet to be created.


    • Gender inequality is constructed.
    • The value of freedom of choice should not be disregarded.

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