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Welcome To The Seminar: Virtual Retinal Display

The document provides an overview of virtual retinal displays (VRDs). It discusses that VRDs scan light directly onto the retina, allowing the viewer to perceive wide field of view images without a screen. The technology was invented in the 1990s at the University of Washington. Microvision Inc. now holds the license to commercialize VRDs. Potential advantages include high brightness, resolution, and size/weight benefits over traditional displays. Applications could include medical, military, and virtual reality uses. Continued development aims to produce compact, high-quality color retinal scanning displays.

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Shishir Gowda
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285 views25 pages

Welcome To The Seminar: Virtual Retinal Display

The document provides an overview of virtual retinal displays (VRDs). It discusses that VRDs scan light directly onto the retina, allowing the viewer to perceive wide field of view images without a screen. The technology was invented in the 1990s at the University of Washington. Microvision Inc. now holds the license to commercialize VRDs. Potential advantages include high brightness, resolution, and size/weight benefits over traditional displays. Applications could include medical, military, and virtual reality uses. Continued development aims to produce compact, high-quality color retinal scanning displays.

Uploaded by

Shishir Gowda
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

WELCOME TO THE SEMINAR

ON

Virtual Retinal Display

by
Introduction
 The Virtual Retinal Display (VRD) is a personal display device
under development at the University of Washington's Human
Interface Technology Laboratory in Seattle, Washington USA.

 The VRD scans light directly onto the viewer's retina. The viewer
perceives a wide field of view image.

 Because the VRD scans light directly on the retina, the VRD is not a
screen based technology

 The VRD was invented at the University of Washington in the


Human Interface Technology Lab (HIT) in 1991. The development
began in November 1993.

 The aim was to produce a full color, wide field-of-view, high


resolution, high brightness, low cost virtual display.

 Microvision Inc. has the exclusive license to commercialize the


VRD technology.
 The Virtual Retinal Display presents video information by scanning
modulated light in a raster pattern directly onto the viewer's retina.
As the light scans the eye, it is intensity modulated.

 On a basic level, as shown in the following figure, the VRD consists


of a light source, a modulator, vertical and horizontal scanners, and
imaging optics
Potential Advantages of the Virtual
Retinal Display

 Brightness

 Resolution

 Yield

 Size
Fundamentals Of Human Eye
 The eyeball is generally described as a globe or a sphere, but it is
oval, not circular.

 It is about an inch in diameter, transparent in front, and composed of


three layers.
 The outer fibrous, the supporting layer
 Middle, vascular, and
 Inner nervous layer

 The Sclera is the tough outer fibrous coat

 The Choroid or middle vascular coat contains the blood vessels,


which are the ramifications of the ophthalmic artery, a branch of the
internal carotid

 The Retina is the inner nervous coat of the eye, composed of a


number of layers of fibres, nerve cells, rods and cones
 When an image is perceived, rays of light from the object seen pass
through the cornea, aqueous humour, lens, and vitreous body to
stimulate the nerve endings in the retina.

 The stimuli received by the retina pass along the optic tracts to the
visual areas of the brain, to be interpreted. Both areas receive the
message from both eyes, thus giving perspective and contour
The Human visual pathway
Virtual Retinal Display
 Resolution is limited by beam diffraction and optical aberrations, not
by the size of an addressable pixel in a matrix. suffer from pixel
defects.

 The display can be made as bright as desired simply by controlling


the intensity of the scanned beam. This makes it much easier to use
the display in "see-though" configuration on a bright day.

 The scanning technology in the current display requires only simple,


well understood manufacturing technology and can therefore be
manufactured inexpensively.

 Because the light is projected into the eye and the scanner is electro-
mechanically efficient, the display uses very little power.

 In theory, the VRD allows for accommodation to be modulated pixel


by pixel as the image is being scanned
The Basic System
VRD Features
 Size and Weight

 Resolution

 Field of View

 Color and Intensity Resolution

 Brightness

 Power Consumption

 A True Stereoscopic Display

 Inclusive and See Through


Components of the Virtual Retinal Display

 Video Electronics

 Light Sources and Modulators

 Scanners
A MEMS mirror
Viewer optics
Estimated Retinal Illuminance

Approximate Luminance Estimated Retinal


Type of Scene
[cd/m2] Illuminance [trolands]
Clear day 104 3.0 x 104
Overcast day 103 4.5 x 103
Heavily overcast day 102 9.5 x 102
Sunset, overcast day 10 1.5 x 102

1/4 hour after sunset, clear 1 20

1/2 hour after sunset, clear 10-1 2.0

Fairly bright moonlight 10-2 0.23


Moonless, clear night sky 10-3 2.7 x 10-2
Moonless, overcast night
10-4 3.0 x 10-3
sky
Image Quality as Related to the Eye
 Display Resolution and the Eye

 Display Contrast and the Eye

 Display Contrast Ratio and the Eye

 Display Modulation Contrast and the Eye


Laser safety analysis
 Maximum Permissible Exposures (MPE) have been calculated for the
VRD in both normal viewing and possible failure modes.

 The MPE power levels are compared to the measured power that enters
the eye while viewing images with the VRD.

 The power levels indicate that the VRD is safe in normal operating mode
and failure modes

 The scanned beam is passed through a lens system which forms an exit
pupil about which the scanned beam pivots.

 The user places themselves such that their pupil is positioned at the exit
pupil of the system.

 This is called a Maxwellian view optical system. The lens of the eye
focuses the light beam on the retina, forming a pixel image
Applications of Virtual Retinal Display
 Radiology

 Surgery

 Manufacturing

 Communications

 Virtual Reality

 Military
The Future of VRD Technology
 Future systems will be even more compact than present versions
once the MEMS-based scanners are incorporated.

 Edge-emitting, super-luminescent light-emitting diodes (SLEDs)


and miniature diode lasers under development will allow direct light
modulation.

 In conjunction with application-specific integrated-circuit


technology, these devices will permit the direct fabrication of a VRD
display engine incorporating the electronics, light sources, and
scanning assembly, all in a compact, hand-held, battery-operated
package.

 The approach can also be adapted to image projection systems. The


applications for VRD technology are varied—HUDs, color
projections systems for entertainment or flight training simulators,
etc.

 A key area for continued development is an image display system


that can augment and enhance a person's task performance. Many
challenges remain before the VRD reaches it's full potential
Conclusion
 Various strategic agencies have already started working with the
VRD and with so much at stake, status reports on progress are not
readily available.

 Nevertheless we can say that right now, all those engineers, fighter
pilots and partially sighted people working with VRD will be
struggling with different facets of the same problem

 The projects of interest in the field are to study the basic


psychophysical processes of image perception from scanned lasers
including resolution, contrast and color perception, to study the
interaction of VRD images with images from the real world to
enhance the augmented reality applications of the technology

 If the VRD is capable of augmenting our real world with the extra
information, how will our minds handle and integrate it all? Might it
fundamentally change the way we comprehend information
References
 ) Science & Technology, The Hindu, September 30,1998.
 2) Encyclopedia Britannica, 2002.
 3) “Optical engineering challenges of the virtual retinal display”,
by Joel S Kollin and Michael Tidwell. HITL publications.
 4) “A virtual retinal display for augmenting ambient visual
environment”, a master’s thesis by Michael Tidwell, HITL
publications.
 5) “The virtual retinal display- a retinal scanning imaging system”,
by Michael Tidwell, Richard S Johnston, David Melville and
Thomas A Furness III PhD, HITL publications.
 6) “Laser Safety Analysis of a Retinal Scanning Display System”
by Erik Viirre,
 Richard Johnston, Homer Pryor, Satoru Nagata and Thomas A.
Furness III., HITL publications.
 8) Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses, Evelyn Pearce.
 9) Proceedings of IEEE, January 2002.
 www.seminarsonly.com
Thank You

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