Introduction to

Coordinate
Geometry
Ms. Ghia Relucio
The Midpoint and The Distance
Formula
The Midpoint and The Distance
Formula 500

Be ach
400

300
Amusement Park

Souvenir Shop
200

100
Bo tanical Garden

home
200 400 600

 a. How far is your home to the beach?

 b. How far is the amusement park to the beach?
 c. If you plan to visit all these places on the map, how will you plan your
travel to ensure that are taking the shortest distance possible?
The Midpoint and The Distance
Formula
The Midpoint and The Distance
Formula
The Midpoint and The Distance
Formula
The Midpoint and The Distance
Formula
The Midpoint and The Distance
Formula
The Midpoint and The Distance
Formula
The Midpoint and The Distance
Formula
The Midpoint and The Distance
Formula
The Midpoint and The Distance
Formula
The Midpoint and The Distance
Formula
The Midpoint and The Distance
Formula
The Midpoint and The Distance
Formula
Slope, Parallel and Perpendicular
Lines
 Computing Slope given two points
Slope, Parallel and Perpendicular
Lines
Slope, Parallel and Perpendicular
Lines
Slope, Parallel and Perpendicular
Lines
activity
1. Three points D(-5,6), E(2,-1) and F (x,0)are given. Find the value of x if
DF=EF.

2. Three points P(6,-1), Q(-4,-3), and R(0,y) are given. Find the value of y
if PR=QR.

3. If the slope of the straight line passing through points A(1,-3) and B
(4,b), find the value of b.

4. If the slope of the straight line passing through points P(p,2) and Q(-7,6)
is -1/3, find the value of p.
 activity

It is given that L1and L2 are two parallel lines. If the slope of L1 is 4 and
L2 passes through points A(10,14) and B(8,k), find the value of k.

It is given that L1and L2 are two parallel lines. If the slope of L1 is -2

and L2 passes through points P(2,4) and Q(h, 8), find the value of h.
Activity on parallel and perpendicular
lines
1. Three points A(1,7) B(4,5), and C(3,2) are given.
a. Find the slope of BC
b. If the straight line passng through point A and parallel to BC
intersects the y-axis at point D, find the coordinates of D.

2. Three vertices of parallelogram ABC are A(6,3), B(3,8) C(-6,10).

I f point D lies in quadrant II, find the coordinates of D.

3. It is given that straight line L1 and L2 are perpendicular to each

other. If L1 is k and L2 passes through points C(4k-1) and D(4,-5),
find the value of k.
Activity on parallel and perpendicular
lines
4. In the figure, AMBC.
a. Find the slope of AM.
b. Find the value of k. y
A(2,2)

O x
C(9,0)

B(-6-5)
M(4,k)
Activity on parallel and perpendicular
lines
1. Three points P(-1,5), Q(-4,1), and R(2,-2) are given.
a. Find the slope of PQ.
b. If the straight line passing through point R and paprallel
to PQ intersects the x-axis at point S, find the coordinates of S.

2. It is given that straight line L1 and L2 are perpendicular to each other.

If the slope of L1 passes through points A (6,4) and B (b,7) and the
3
slope of L2 is , find the value of b.
4

3. L1 is a straight line with the slope of 3. L2 is a straight line passing

through points A(7,9) and B(4,0). Prove that L1 L2.
Division of Line Segment
Internal Division Formula
Division of Line Segment
External Division Formula
 Examples- Internal point of division of line
segments parallel to the coordinate axes

In the given figure, M is an internal point of division

segment AB such that AM:MB=5:7
A M B C

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

So, M divides AB into two parts in the ratio of 5:7.

How about the ratio of MB: BC?
Examples- Internal point of division of line
segments parallel to the coordinate axes

A m P n B y2 D
x1 x x2

y Q

y1 C
Examples- Internal point of division of
any line segments

B(x2,y2)

n
P(x, y)
m
A(x1, y1)
Examples:
1. Two points A (-4,-2) and B (3,5) are given. I f point P divides line segment
AB into two parts in the ratio of 2:5, find the coordinates of P.

2. Two points A(1,3) and B(5,-2) are given. If line segment AB intersects
the x-axis at point P, find AP:PB.

3. Two points A (-5,1) and B (c,d) are given. I f P(-3,2) divides line
segement AB into two parts in the ratio of 1:2, find the value of c and d.
Activity:
1. If P(-3,3) is the midpoint of A (x,5) and B(1,y), find the values of x and y.

2. If P(4,y) isthe midpoint of A(0,6) and B(x,2), find the value of x and y.

3. If the midpoint of A(a-2, 2a+3) and B(1-3b, 2b+1) is P (6,3), find the value of a and b.

4. The vertices of quadrilateral ABCD are A(3,12), B(9,2), C(-3,-2) and D(-5,8). P,Q,R,S are midpoints
of AB,BC,CD and DA, respectively.
a. Find the coordinates of P,Q,R, and S.
b. Prove that PQ SR and PQ=SR.
c. What kind of quadrilateral is PQRS?

5. The vertices of parallelogram ABCD are A(0,2) B(-1,-1), C (3,1) and D(m,n).
a. Find the coordinates of the midpoint of AC.
b. Find the value of m and n.
Distance of a Point to a Line
Distance of a point to a Line given
Equation
 Ax+By+C=0 and a point (x0, y0).
Distance of a point to a line
 Examples:

1. Find the distance between the point (2,3) and the line 3x+4y-5=0.

2. Find the distance between the parallel lines 9x-5y=8 and 9x-5y=1

3. In triangle ABC with A(8,-2), B(6,4) and C(-2,0), find the length of the altitude
h from A to BC.
Activity: Distance between a point and
a line.
 Answer on your notebook the Warm-Up Practice
exercises on pages 264-265.
Areas of Rectilinear Figures
y
C(x3,y3)

B(x2, y2)

O
x

A(x1,y1) N
M
Areas of Rectilinear Figures
 Using matrices,
1 x1 x2 x3 x1
Area of ABC=
2 y1 y2 y3 y1
1
 ( x1 y2  x2 y3  x3 y1  x1 y3  x3 y2  x2 y1 )
2
Areas of Rectilinear figures
 Examples:

1. Find the area of ABC whose vertices are (-4,-3), B (5,1), and C(2,6).

2. The area of ABC is 10 units2. The vertices A a nd B are (3,4) and

(1,-2), respectively. The vertex C lies on the x-axis. Find the possible
coordinates of C.

3. The vertices of a pentagon are (4,5) (-3,-2) (-2,6) (3,-1) and (-4,3). Find
the area of the pentagon.
Areas of Rectilinear figures
1. Find the area of the triangle with the vertices (-3,-5), (-1,4), and (2,1).

2. Find the area of the quadrilateral with the vertics (1,5), (-4,-3), (-5,2) and (3,4).

3. Find the area of the polygon with the vertices given in each case
a. (3,8), (-1,7), (-4,2), (5,4) and (0,-2).

4. Two points, A(1,6) and B(-3,-3), are given. Find the possible coordinates of a
point C on the x-axis such that the area of ABC is 20 units2.

5. The vertices of a ABC are A (5,0), B(2,k) and C(-4,3). If the area of ABC is
18 units 2, find the possible values of k.
 Analytical Proof
 Suggestions to consider:

1. We may choose the position of the figure in relation to the coordinate

axes. If the figure is a polygon, it is always simpler to put one of the
sides on either the x-axis or the y-axis.
2. We may place one of the vertices on the origin.
3. The essential properties of the given figure should be expressed by the
coordinates of key points. The proof is accomplished by setting up and
simplifying algebraically equations and relations involving these
coordinates.
4. The figure should never be made special in any way so that the proof
will be general and can be applied to all cases. Except for zero (0),
numerical coordinate should not be used in the proof.
Analytical Proof
Analytical Proof
Analytical Proof
Analytical Proof
 Exercises:
Analytical Proof
 Exercises:
Analytical Proof
 Exercises: