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    Unit 6 Air Compressor

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    An air compressor increases the pressure of air from low to high pressure. It can be single or multi-stage, with single or multiple cylinders, and air or water cooled. Positive displacement compressors compress air diabatically by trapping it between engaging surfaces, while non-positive displacement compressors allow continuous air flow. Efficiencies are defined as ratios of actual to ideal work inputs. A multi-stage compressor has constant pressures and indexing in each stage, allowing intercooling between stages to improve efficiency. Volumetric efficiency decreases as compression ratio increases due to trapped gases reducing suction.

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    Unit 6 Air Compressor

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    69 views8 pages
    An air compressor increases the pressure of air from low to high pressure. It can be single or multi-stage, with single or multiple cylinders, and air or water cooled. Positive displacement compressors compress air diabatically by trapping it between engaging surfaces, while non-positive displacement compressors allow continuous air flow. Efficiencies are defined as ratios of actual to ideal work inputs. A multi-stage compressor has constant pressures and indexing in each stage, allowing intercooling between stages to improve efficiency. Volumetric efficiency decreases as compression ratio increases due to trapped gases reducing suction.

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    An air compressor increases the pressure of air from low to high pressure. It can be single or multi-stage, with single or multiple cylinders, and air or water cooled. Positive displacement compressors compress air diabatically by trapping it between engaging surfaces, while non-positive displacement compressors allow continuous air flow. Efficiencies are defined as ratios of actual to ideal work inputs. A multi-stage compressor has constant pressures and indexing in each stage, allowing intercooling between stages to improve efficiency. Volumetric efficiency decreases as compression ratio increases due to trapped gases reducing suction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    69 views8 pages

    Unit 6 Air Compressor

    Uploaded by

    sample use
    An air compressor increases the pressure of air from low to high pressure. It can be single or multi-stage, with single or multiple cylinders, and air or water cooled. Positive displacement compressors compress air diabatically by trapping it between engaging surfaces, while non-positive displacement compressors allow continuous air flow. Efficiencies are defined as ratios of actual to ideal work inputs. A multi-stage compressor has constant pressures and indexing in each stage, allowing intercooling between stages to improve efficiency. Volumetric efficiency decreases as compression ratio increases due to trapped gases reducing suction.

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    Heat and Fluied Engineering

    Lecturer
    Mr. Bangar S.K.
    Air Compressor
    Air compressor is a device which is used to increase the pressure of gas from low
    pressure to high pressure.

    Classification compressors
    According to number of stages:
     Single stage compressor
    · Multi stage compressor

    According to number of cylinders:


     Single cylinder compressor
    · Multi cylinder compressor

    According to method of cooling:


     Air cooled compressor
    · Water cooled compressor

    According to working:
     Reciprocating compressor
     Rotary compressor
    positive displacement compressors
    Positive displacement compressor is one in which air is compressed
    diabatically. The air is entrapped in between two sets of engaging surfaces.
    The pressure rise is either by back flow of air (as in roots blower) or both by
    variation in the flow and back flow (as in vane blower).

    non-positive displacement compressors


    In non-positive displacement compressor, air is not trapped in specific
    boundaries but it flows continuously and steadily through the machine (as in
    centrifugal compressor and axial flow compressor).
    Isothermal efficiency
    Isothermal efficiency of the compressor is defined as the ratio of isothermal work input
    to actual work input during compression.
    isentropic efficiency
    Isentropic efficiency of the compressor is defined as the ratio of isentropic work input
    to the actual work input.
    theoretical & actual indicator diagram for reciprocating air compressor

    a.Theoretical indicator diagram


    b. Actual indicator diagram
    FAD
    Free air delivered (FAD) means the actual volume of air delivered by the compressor
    under normal temperature and pressure.

    Influence of pressure ratio on the volumetric efficiency


    The volumetric efficiency of the compressor also depends on the compressor ratio. If the
    difference between the suction and the discharge pressure is higher, the compressed air
    will remain trapped inside the clearance volume for longer time and prevent the opening
    of the suction valve. Thus as the compression ratio of the compressor and the discharge
    pressure is increases, its volumetric efficiency and the capacity reduces.
    (i) To reduce the temperature of compression from each stage.
    (ii) To increase compressor efficiency.
    (iii) To condensate from air.

    Slip factor
    Slip factor is the ratio of whirl velocity of static pressure to tip velocity

    pressure coefficient
    Pressure coefficient is the ratio of isentropic work of the compressor to the Euler work
    Various factors affecting the delivery pressure of the reciprocating
    compressor?
    The size of the cylinder will be too large for very high pressure. Due to compression,
    there will be a rise in the temperature of the air. So the delivery pressure is limited, so
    that rise in temperature of air is not going beyond limit and size of cylinder is not too
    large.

    Volumetric efficiency of the compressor and How its reduces?


    Volumetric efficiency of an air compressor is the ratio of free air delivered to the
    displacement of the compressor. Volumetric efficiency = Free air delivered / Displacement
    volume As the piston moves downwards the high-pressure gas in the clearance volume
    reduces due to expansion, and only when the pressure reaches a certain level does the
    suction-valve open. Therefore, this gas used in the piston’s suction stroke goes unused and
    reduces the volumetric efficiency of the compressor.

    Intercooler, perfect intercooling and its purpose


    An intercooler is any mechanical device used to cool a fluid, including liquids or gases,
    between stages of a multi-stage heating process, typically a heat exchanger that removes
    waste heat in a gas compressor. When temperature of the air leaving the intercooler is
    equal to the original temperature of atmospheric air temperature, then the intercooling is
    known as perfect intercooling.
    Merits of multistage compression?
    (i) For each stage, pressures during suction and delivery remain constant.
    (ii) The index (n) in polytropic law is same in each stage of compression.
    (iii) Intercooling in each stage is done at constant pressure.
    (iv) Low pressure and high pressure cylinder handle same mass of air.
    (v) There is no inter-stage pressure drop

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