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Cultivation of Bacteria

Bacteria require specific nutritional and environmental conditions to grow and survive. They need a source of energy, carbon, electrons, and various minerals and vitamins. The temperature, pH, oxygen levels, and other physical factors of their environment must also be within their tolerance ranges. Bacteria are cultivated using nutrient-rich liquid and solid growth media that aim to recreate their natural habitat conditions in order to study and isolate bacterial species.

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Ali Akand Asif
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3K views27 pages

Cultivation of Bacteria

Bacteria require specific nutritional and environmental conditions to grow and survive. They need a source of energy, carbon, electrons, and various minerals and vitamins. The temperature, pH, oxygen levels, and other physical factors of their environment must also be within their tolerance ranges. Bacteria are cultivated using nutrient-rich liquid and solid growth media that aim to recreate their natural habitat conditions in order to study and isolate bacterial species.

Uploaded by

Ali Akand Asif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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cultivation of bacteria

Presented By:
Harun-Or-Rashid
Lecturer
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
University of Dhaka
Nutritional requirements
Nutrition is required for-
• Growth
• Normal functioning
• Reproduction

Nutritional requirements are-


1. Energy
2. Electrons
3. Carbon
4. N2, O2, S and P
5. Metal Ions
6. Vitaimin, enzyme and coenzyme
7. H2O
Bloom of Cyanobacteria

Purple SulfurBacteria
Nutritional characterization

Energy Phototrophic

Chemotrophic

Lithotrophic
Electron Donor
Organotrophic

Autotrophic

C for Assimilation Heterotrophic


Bacteriological media

Commonly known as Culture Media.

• A culture medium is a solid or liquid preparation used to grow,


transport, and store microorganisms.
• To be effective, the medium must contain all the nutrients the
microorganism requires for growth.
• Knowledge of a microorganism’s normal habitat is a prerequisite.
Types of culture media

Physical Nature Chemical Composition Functional Type

Liquid Defined (synthetic) Supportive (general


purpose)

Semisolid Complex Enriched

Solid Selective

Differential

Most popular media:


• Nutrient Broth Media
• Nutrient Agar Media
Media Preparation
Generally dehydrated medium preparations are available.

Dissolved in
Weighing
Water

Adjust pH (if) Measure pH

Dispensed into Sterilize by


tube or flask autoclaving

Cool to RT Culture
Nutrient Agar Medium

Agar Plate
Agar Media
Nutrient Agar Medium……….

Bacteria on Agar Plate


Nutrient Broth Medium

Broth Media
Nutrient Broth Medium……….

Bacteria in Broth Media


Obligate Parasite

• Can not be successfully cultivated on an artificial medium.

• Nutritional and physical requirements are not clearly


understood.
• A living host is required to fulfill life cycle.

• Too sensitive to survive long outside of the host.

• Transmitted only through direct contact.

Example: Mycobacterium leprae, Treponema pallidum.


Physical Conditions for growth

Temperature Gas Acidity/Alkalinity

Psychrophile Aerobic Acidic

Mesophile Anaerobic Alkaline

Thermophile Facultatively Anaerobic

Microaerophilic
Temperature

Optimum growth temperature (OPTIMA):


……allows for most rapid growth……..may not be optimum for
other cellular activities.

Type Capable of Optima Maximum Temp.

growth at

Psychrophile 00 C ̴150 C 200 C

Mesophile 100 C 20 - 400 C 500 C

Thermophile 400 C 400 C + 800 C


Gas
……principal gases that affect bacterial growth are O2 and CO2 .

Type Specification

Aerobic (a) Require O2 for growth and energy

Anaerobic (b) Cannot tolerate O2

Faultatively Anaerobic (c ) O2 not for growth but for energy if

available

Require very low level of O2 . Cannot


Microaerophilic (d)
Gas……..
O2 usage by bacteria
Oxygen toxicity
Inactivation of enzymes:

O2 + -SH (in enzymes) - SO2 (Deactivation of enzymes)

Damage by toxic derivatives of Oxygen:


Superoxide radicals are formed during various cellular enzymes
catalyze chemical reactions involving O2. They inactivate vital
cell components by forming H2O2.

O2   + ē O2 ̄
2 O2 ̄ + 2H+ O2 + H2O2
O2 ̄ + H2O2 Chelated Iron O2  + OH ̄ + OH
Oxygen detoxification

2O2 ̄ + 2H+   Superoxide Dismutase   O2 + H2 O2

2H2O2  
Catalase   2H2O + O2

Peroxidase uses a reductant other than H2O2:

H2O2 + H2R  Peroxidase   2H2O + R


Acidity/ Alkalinity (pH)
Optimum pH 6.5 to 7.5

Limit: 5 to 9

Exception example:
Thiobacillus thiooxidans has optimum pH of 2 to 3.5

Unclassified bacterium isolated from Alkaline Spring of California,


USA has optimum pH of 9 to 9.5 and limit of 8 to 11.4.
Cultivation
Subjecting microorganisms to conditions (especially temperature)
favorable to growth is known as Incubation.

Autotrophs:
Chemically defined media with atmospheric CO2.
Heterotrophs:
Simple or complex media with normal atmospheric condition.
Aerobic Bacteria:
Suitable media with normal atmospheric condition.
Anaerobic Bacteria:
• Prereudced media
• Anaerobic chamber
• Anareobic Jar
Anaerobic chamber
Anaerobic chamber……..
Anaerobic Jar
Some Terminologies
Root Meaning Example of use
troph- Food Trophozoite—the feeding stage of
protozoa
-phile To love Extremophile—an organism that has
adapted to (“loves”) extreme
environments
-obe To live Microbe—to live “small”
hetero- Other Heterotroph—an organism that requires
nutrients from other organisms
auto- Self Autotroph—an organism that does not
need other organisms for food (obtains
nutrients from a nonliving source)
photo- Light Phototroph—an organism that uses light
as an energy source
Some Terminologies
Root Meaning Example of use
chemo- Chemical Chemotroph—an organism that uses
chemicals for energy, rather than light
sapro- Rotten Saprobe—an organism that lives on dead
organic matter
halo- Salt Halophile—an organism that can grow in
high-salt environments
thermo- Heat Thermophile—an organism that grows
best at high temperatures
psychro- Cold Psychrophile—an organism that grows
best at cold temperatures

aero- Air (O2) Aerobe—an organism that uses oxygen in


metabolism

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