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    Dead Zones 1

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    Ghanendra Singh Rana
    The document discusses dead zones, or areas of water bodies with low oxygen levels caused by eutrophication. Eutrophication can occur naturally but is often accelerated by anthropogenic factors like agriculture and municipal waste. Non-point pollution like fertilizer runoff and point sources like pipes contribute nutrients that cause algal blooms, which die off and deplete oxygen as they decompose. This leads to impacts like fish kills and changes in aquatic species. Preventive steps discussed include reducing nutrient runoff from farms and sewage, planting areas to absorb excess nutrients, and lowering vehicle emissions.

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Dead Zones 1

    Uploaded by

    Ghanendra Singh Rana
    25 views13 pages
    The document discusses dead zones, or areas of water bodies with low oxygen levels caused by eutrophication. Eutrophication can occur naturally but is often accelerated by anthropogenic factors like agriculture and municipal waste. Non-point pollution like fertilizer runoff and point sources like pipes contribute nutrients that cause algal blooms, which die off and deplete oxygen as they decompose. This leads to impacts like fish kills and changes in aquatic species. Preventive steps discussed include reducing nutrient runoff from farms and sewage, planting areas to absorb excess nutrients, and lowering vehicle emissions.

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    The document discusses dead zones, or areas of water bodies with low oxygen levels caused by eutrophication. Eutrophication can occur naturally but is often accelerated by anthropogenic factors like agriculture and municipal waste. Non-point pollution like fertilizer runoff and point sources like pipes contribute nutrients that cause algal blooms, which die off and deplete oxygen as they decompose. This leads to impacts like fish kills and changes in aquatic species. Preventive steps discussed include reducing nutrient runoff from farms and sewage, planting areas to absorb excess nutrients, and lowering vehicle emissions.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    25 views13 pages

    Dead Zones 1

    Uploaded by

    Ghanendra Singh Rana
    The document discusses dead zones, or areas of water bodies with low oxygen levels caused by eutrophication. Eutrophication can occur naturally but is often accelerated by anthropogenic factors like agriculture and municipal waste. Non-point pollution like fertilizer runoff and point sources like pipes contribute nutrients that cause algal blooms, which die off and deplete oxygen as they decompose. This leads to impacts like fish kills and changes in aquatic species. Preventive steps discussed include reducing nutrient runoff from farms and sewage, planting areas to absorb excess nutrients, and lowering vehicle emissions.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    The Ocean Dead Zones

    What are Dead Zones?

     “Dead Zone” or otherwise known as “eutrophication”. Process involving


    removal of oxygen from water bodies

     Two Causes: Natural and Anthropogenic.

     Main difference is anthropogenic eutrophication occurs much more


    rapidly.
    The Problem

    Non-point source pollution


    Point source pollution
    Non-point source pollution

     Pollution that arise from many dispersed areas and it is not traceable to
    any single discrete source (e.g., cars leaking oil, excess fertilizers in
    farms)
    Point source pollution

     Pollutants discharged from a single identifiable location (e.g., pipes,


    ditches, channels, sewers, tunnels)
    Sources

     Natural
     Anthropogenic
    Natural

     Stratification of fresh water over salt water.


     Warming ocean waters.
     Increased concentrations of CO2 in ocean.
    Anthropogenic

     Agriculture and Municipal are main human sources


     Rapidly stimulates phytoplankton growth.
     The natural decomposition of phytoplankton depletes O2 from Gulf.
    Main Pollutants
    Nitrogen Phosphorous
     Nitrates (fertilizers containing  Not water soluble, moves only
    NO3- ) are highly water soluble,. with soil movement.
     Only 18% applied N is taken up  Erodes on soils from
    by produce. agricultural fields, where it is
     Fertilizers make up 70 percent non-recoverable.
    of the N in Gulf.  Net P storage in soil and fresh
     Nitrogen delivered to Gulf has water ecosystems is 75% higher
    tripled in the last 4 decades. than preindustrial times
    Ecological effects

     Increased biomass of phytoplankton


     Toxic or inedible phytoplankton species
     Increases in blooms of gelatinous zooplankton
     Decreased biomass of benthic and epiphytic algae
     Changes in macrophyte species composition and biomass
     Decreases in water transparency
     Colour, smell, and water treatment problems
     Dissolved oxygen depletion
     Increased incidences of fish kills
     Loss of desirable fish species
     Reductions in harvestable fish and shellfish
     Decreases in perceived aesthetic value of the water body
    The program noted preventive steps can be taken

    European nations along the Rhine agreed to halve


    discharged nitrogen levels, reducing the discharge
    into the North Sea.
    Planting new forests and grasslands will help soak
    up excess nitrogen, keeping it out of waterways.
    Requiring vehicles to reduce nitrogen emissions.
    Fostering alternative energy sources that are not
    based on burning fossil fuels.
    Better sewage treatment would reduce nutrient
    discharges to coastal waters.

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